User:Stitchbird2/sandbox
| Stitchbird2/sandbox | |
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| Flowering O. macrocarpa plant observed in Fiordland National Park, New Zealand | |
NT (NZTCSA)
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Plantaginaceae |
| Genus: | Ourisia |
| Species: | O. macrocarpa
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| Binomial name | |
| Ourisia macrocarpa | |
| Synonyms | |
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Ourisia macrocarpa var. cordata Cockayne | |
Ourisia macrocarpa or snowy mountain foxglove is a species of
Taxonomy
Ourisia macrocarpa Hook.f. is in the plant family Plantaginaceae.[2][3] Joseph Dalton Hooker described O. macrocarpa in 1853.[1][4][5] It is also known as snowy mountain foxglove.[3]
The type material was collected by David Lyall from Dusky Bay, South Island, New Zealand.[4][5] The holotype is housed at the herbarium at the Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew (K000979333).[5][6]
Ourisia macrocarpa plants are large and showy perennials with whorls of flowers with large white corollas and large fruits (up to 1 cm long), characters they share with other New Zealand species O. calycina and O. macrophylla.[5] Like O. macrocarpa, South American species O. coccinea and O. ruellioides are also large and showy with large fruits, but their flowers are in pairs instead of whorls in each node, and have red corollas.[5]
Ourisia macrocarpa is morphologically most similar to another large-leaved New Zealand species, O. calycina. The two species were once treated as varieties of O. macrocarpa by both Leonard Cockayne and Lucy Moore,[4][5] and Mary Kalin Arroyo treated them as subspecies.[7] Although Heidi Meudt followed Arroyo's taxonomy in her monograph, a later phylogenetic study that showed that O. macrocarpa and O. calycina were not each others' closest relatives, which lead the authors to conclude that species rank would be more suitable.[8]
A number of morphological differences also distinguish O. macrocarpa from O. calycina, including its broadly to very broadly ovate leaves (vs. narrowly to broadly ovate), rounded to cordate leaf bases (vs cuneate to truncate), petiole fringed with hairs on the lower portion only (vs fringed for its entire length), smooth calyx lobe edges (vs irregularly notched), irregular calyx (vs regular calyx), and glabrous peduncle (vs hairy).[5] In addition, the two species are allopatric with O. macrocarpa found in southern South Island only, and O. calycina in northern and central South Island.[5]
Ourisia macrocarpa can be distinguished from another large-leaved species, O. macrophylla, by its irregular calyx (vs. regular), and a lack of glandular hairs anywhere on the mostly hairless plants (vs. glandular hairs present at least on the pedicel and generally hairy plants).[5]
Description
Ourisia macrocarpa plants are large
Ourisia macrocarpa flowers from December to February and fruits from December to March.[4]
The chromosome number of Ourisia macrocarpa is 2n=48.[10]
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Underside of a leaf -
Close-up of flowers -
Flowering plants -
Leaves -
Flowers, showing irregular calyces
Distribution and habitat
Ourisia macrocarpa is endemic to southern South Island, New Zealand, in Otago, Southland and Fiordland).[4] It is found in subalpine herbfields, scrub, bogs and grasslands in wet habitats from 360 to 1550 m above sea level.[4]
Phylogeny
One individual of O. macrocarpa was included in phylogenetic analyses of all species of the genus Ourisia using standard DNA sequencing markers (two nuclear ribosomal DNA markers and two chloroplast DNA regions) and morphological data.[11][12] In all analyses, the sampled individual belonged to the highly supported New Zealand lineage, and in the nuclear ribosomal and combined datasets, it was moderately to strongly supported as sister to O. remotifolia. In the combined dataset, these two species were in a clade with O. sessilifolia and O. caespitosa.[12][11]
In another phylogenetic study using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs), all 11 sampled individuals of O. macrocarpa formed a highly supported clade that was sister to the rest of the large-leaved species, i.e. O. crosbyi, O. macrophylla, O. calycina and O. vulcanica.[8] The 11 sampled individuals of O. macrocarpa also comprised one of the significant clusters in the Bayesian clustering analysis.[8]
Conservation status
Ourisia macrocarpa is listed as Not Threatened in the most recent assessment (2017–2018) of the New Zealand Threatened Classification for plants.[13]
References
- ^ a b Hooker, Joseph Dalton; Hooker, Joseph Dalton; Fitch, W. H.; Brothers, Reeve (1853). The botany of the Antarctic voyage of H.M. discovery ships Erebus and Terror in the Years 1839-1843 :under the command of Captain Sir James Clark Ross. Vol. v.2:pt.1(1853). London: Reeve Brothers.
- ^ "Ourisia macrocarpa". New Zealand Plant Conservation Network. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
- ^ a b "Flora of New Zealand | Taxon Profile | Ourisia macrocarpa". www.nzflora.info. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f g Moore, L.B. "Scrophulariaceae. In 'Flora of New Zealand'. (Ed. HH Allan) Vol. 1, pp. 841–942". (Government Printer: Wellington, New Zealand) floraseries.landcareresearch.co.nz. Retrieved 26 May 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Meudt, Heidi (24 April 2006). "Monograph of Ourisia (Plantaginaceae)". Systematic Botany Monographs. 77: 1–188.
- )
- Wikidata Q125368610.
- ^ PMID 19457251.
- ^ Webb, Colin; Simpson, Margaret Jane Annand (1 January 2001). Seeds of New Zealand Gymnosperms and Dicotyledons. Caxton Press, Manuka Press.
- .
- ^ .
- ^ .
- OCLC 1041649797.
External links
Media related to Stitchbird2/sandbox at Wikimedia Commons- Ourisia macrocarpa occurrence data from Australasian Virtual Herbarium
