Włodawa
Włodawa | ||
---|---|---|
Town | ||
Czworobok and Town Market Saint Louis church Orthodox Church in Włodawa Great Synagogue | ||
Car plates LWL | | |
National road | ||
Voivodeship roads | ||
Website | Official website |
Włodawa (Polish pronunciation:
Geography
The town lies along the borders of Poland with both, westernmost Belarus and Ukraine, on the banks of the Bug River, 51 kilometres (32 miles) from
History
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1921 | 6,263 | — |
1931 | 8,519 | +36.0% |
1939 | 9,293 | +9.1% |
2010 | 13,402 | +44.2% |
Source: [1][2][3] |
Włodawa was first mentioned in historical records in 1242. The first written mention of the town in an
By the end of the 16th century, Włodawa passed into the hands of Andrzej Leszczyński and from that time belonged to the
In 1648, the
After the Partitions of Poland, Włodawa was annexed by Austria in 1795.[2] Following the Austro-Polish War of 1809, it was regained by Poles and included within the short-lived Duchy of Warsaw.[2] In 1815 it became part of Congress Poland, initially autonomous, but later forcibly integrated within Imperial Russia. The inhabitants of Włodawa actively joined the January Uprising in 1863.[2] After the fall of the uprising, bloody repressions began and the attempts at Russification intensified.[2] During World War I, from 1915 to 1918, the city was occupied by the Germans.[2]
Following
Ethnic Minorities
Jewish community
The existence of a Jewish community in Włodawa is first recorded in connection with the Lublin fair of 1531. By 1623 Włodawa had a representative in the
In the late 19th century Włodawa had a Jewish-owned steam-powered flour mill, tannery and soap factory. Of the 184 stores in the town, 177 were owned by Jews. Włodawa's first Zionist organization was formed in 1898, the town also had
Włodawa was over 70% Jewish before the Nazi-Soviet
On the road to Włodawa there is a memorial to the Jews from Włodawa who were killed at Adampol. No Jews are known to live in the town today, although the handsome,
Amish and Mennonite Communities
In the 1700s, while some
Jerold A. Stahly writes of this community in the vicinity of Włodawa in his work "Mennonite and Amish Identities Among the Swiss Volhynians in Europe":
"In the Lithuanian congregation in
Climate
Włodawa has an oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfb) using the −3 °C (27 °F) isotherm or a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification: Dfb) using the 0 °C (32 °F) isotherm.[15][16]
Climate data for Włodawa (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–present) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 11.7 (53.1) |
16.3 (61.3) |
22.3 (72.1) |
29.9 (85.8) |
32.1 (89.8) |
34.2 (93.6) |
37.3 (99.1) |
36.2 (97.2) |
34.5 (94.1) |
27.1 (80.8) |
19.3 (66.7) |
14.9 (58.8) |
37.3 (99.1) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 0.0 (32.0) |
1.6 (34.9) |
6.7 (44.1) |
14.1 (57.4) |
19.6 (67.3) |
22.9 (73.2) |
25.2 (77.4) |
24.8 (76.6) |
19.0 (66.2) |
12.6 (54.7) |
6.1 (43.0) |
1.3 (34.3) |
12.8 (55.0) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −2.5 (27.5) |
−1.4 (29.5) |
2.4 (36.3) |
8.7 (47.7) |
13.9 (57.0) |
17.3 (63.1) |
19.3 (66.7) |
18.6 (65.5) |
13.5 (56.3) |
8.1 (46.6) |
3.2 (37.8) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
8.3 (46.9) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −5.1 (22.8) |
−4.3 (24.3) |
−1.4 (29.5) |
3.4 (38.1) |
8.2 (46.8) |
11.6 (52.9) |
13.6 (56.5) |
12.8 (55.0) |
8.6 (47.5) |
4.3 (39.7) |
0.7 (33.3) |
−3.4 (25.9) |
4.1 (39.4) |
Record low °C (°F) | −34.2 (−29.6) |
−30.4 (−22.7) |
−23.2 (−9.8) |
−7.4 (18.7) |
−3.3 (26.1) |
−0.7 (30.7) |
4.6 (40.3) |
1.7 (35.1) |
−3.4 (25.9) |
−9.0 (15.8) |
−19.9 (−3.8) |
−26.3 (−15.3) |
−34.2 (−29.6) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 27.4 (1.08) |
24.8 (0.98) |
31.6 (1.24) |
37.4 (1.47) |
67.3 (2.65) |
69.8 (2.75) |
82.9 (3.26) |
65.1 (2.56) |
51.6 (2.03) |
40.4 (1.59) |
32.2 (1.27) |
31.9 (1.26) |
562.4 (22.14) |
Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) | 6.5 (2.6) |
7.4 (2.9) |
5.8 (2.3) |
1.6 (0.6) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.6 (0.2) |
3.9 (1.5) |
5.1 (2.0) |
7.4 (2.9) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 15.50 | 14.51 | 14.27 | 11.50 | 13.87 | 12.67 | 12.73 | 10.37 | 11.27 | 12.47 | 14.00 | 16.03 | 159.17 |
Average snowy days (≥ 0 cm) | 17.8 | 17.0 | 8.9 | 1.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 5.1 | 13.8 | 64.2 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
87.3 | 84.5 | 77.9 | 70.4 | 71.7 | 72.9 | 72.9 | 73.0 | 80.1 | 84.2 | 88.8 | 89.0 | 78.9 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 48.2 | 65.3 | 126.1 | 184.7 | 248.9 | 265.0 | 264.7 | 256.2 | 161.3 | 115.4 | 53.3 | 36.3 | 1,825.4 |
Source 1: Institute of Meteorology and Water Management[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Meteomodel.pl (records, relative humidity 1991–2020)[25][26][27][28] |
Sport
The town is represented by the local football club
Points of interest
There are several monuments and tourist attractions worth seeing in Włodawa:
- Saint Louis church and baroque monastery, founded by Pauline Monks in the 18th century. The interior is decorated by illusionistic monumental paintings (1784-1785) created mainly by painter Gabriel Sławiński.[29]
- Czworobok and town market, built in the 18th century in the shape of a rectangle. It was used by merchants to sell their goods.
- Wlodawa Synagogueof 1764, that is currently used to host exhibitions about Włodawa Jews as well as local folklore.
- Russian Orthodox church, erected in 1840-1843 and rebuilt in Polish Autocephalous Orthodox Church community.[31]
- Włodawa Synagogues Museum (Polish: Muzeum Zespół Synagogalny), managing the Sobibór Museum nearby until April 2011.
- Water measurement on the Bug river.
- Old town with 19th century tenements.
- Promenade next to Włodawka river.
- Władysław Kuraszkiewicz roundabout.
- Sybiraków square, built in memory of Poles sent to Siberia.
Gallery
-
Kościelna street
-
Czworobok and town market during night.
-
Pauline monastery
-
Prewar buildings at Krótka street.
-
Piłsudskiego street
-
11 Listopada street.
-
Sun clock on the Town Market.
-
Chestnut Park.
-
Władysław Kuraszkiewicz roundabout
-
Włodawka river and promenade next to it
-
Sybiraków square.
-
Włodawa shopping mall.
-
Crossroads with Tuscan column.
-
Furmańska street.
Notable residents
- Bolesław Masłowski (1851–1928), chemist
- Stanisław Masłowski (1853–1926), painter
- Jack Glinzman (1928-2008), Włodawa resident who survived the Adampol slave labor camp of Sobibor, escaping during the murder of the Jews working Adampol. Jack joined the partisans until liberation by the Soviet Army.
References
- ^ Wiadomości Statystyczne Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego (in Polish). Vol. X. Warszawa: Główny Urząd Statystyczny. 1932. p. 194.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "History of Włodawa" (in Polish). Nasza.Wlodawa.pl official website. 2007. Archived from the original on 2007-01-28 – via Internet Archive.
Miasto liczy w 1939 r. 9293 mieszkańców.
- ^ Stan i struktura ludności oraz ruch naturalny w przekroju terytorialnym w 2010 r. (PDF) (in Polish). Warszawa: Główny Urząd Statystyczny. 2011. p. 59. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 November 2011.
- ^ a b Virtual Shtetl. "Jewish history of Włodawa" (in Polish). POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews. Olszewski E., Szczygieł R. (1991), Dzieje Włodawy, Lublin – Włodawa.
Akcję likwidacji getta zakończono na przełomie kwietnia i maja 1943 r.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Historia miasta". Polesie24.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 8 October 2019.
- ISSN 1427-1443.
- ISSN 1641-9561.
- ISBN 978-0-253-06089-1.
- ^ Squaring of the Circle: Polish-Jewish Relations Through the Ages : the Story of an Unrequited Love, By Arnon Rubin, by Tel Aviv University Press, 2005, p. 10
- ^ The complex of Synagogue Buildings in Wlodawa, Malgorzata Podlewska-Bem, Leczynsko-Wlodawskie Lakeland Museum, Wlodawa
- ^ Encyclopedia of Jewish Life Before and During the Holocaust, Shmuel Spector, NYU Press, 2001, Vol 3, p. 1452
- ^ Resource Guides. "Remember Jewish Wlodawa". With maps and dozens of family photographs. Genealogy Group. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
- ^ "Five Unexpected Places Amish Once Lived".
- ^ Stahly, Jerold. "Mennonite and Amish Identities among the Swiss Volhynians in Europe" (PDF). The Swiss Mennonite Cultural & Historical Association. Retrieved 26 September 2021.
- .
- ISSN 1027-5606.
- ^ "Średnia dobowa temperatura powietrza". Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from the original on 3 December 2021. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
- ^ "Średnia minimalna temperatura powietrza". Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from the original on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
- ^ "Średnia maksymalna temperatura powietrza". Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from the original on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
- ^ "Miesięczna suma opadu". Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from the original on 9 January 2022. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
- ^ "Liczba dni z opadem >= 0,1 mm". Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from the original on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
- ^ "Średnia grubość pokrywy śnieżnej". Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from the original on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
- ^ "Liczba dni z pokrywą śnieżna > 0 cm". Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from the original on 21 January 2022. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
- ^ "Średnia suma usłonecznienia (h)". Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from the original on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
- ^ "Włodawa Absolutna temperatura maksymalna" (in Polish). Meteomodel.pl. 6 April 2018. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
- ^ "Włodawa Absolutna temperatura minimalna" (in Polish). Meteomodel.pl. 6 April 2018. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
- ^ "Włodawa Średnia wilgotność" (in Polish). Meteomodel.pl. 6 April 2018. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
- ^ "12497: Wlodawa (Poland)". ogimet.com. OGIMET. 30 June 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
- ISBN 978-83-7581-234-3.
- ISBN 83-85368-31-0.
- ISSN 1425-2171.
External links
- History of Włodawa. Nasza.Wlodawa.pl 2oo7, official website, via Internet Archive. (in Polish)
- Virtual tour of Włodawa (in Polish)
- Remember Jewish Włodawa (in English)