Stanisław Masłowski
Stanisław Masłowski | |
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Realism |
Stanisław Masłowski (Polish: [staˈɲiswaf masˈwɔfskʲi]; born Stanisław Stefan Zygmunt Ludgard Masłowski; 3 December 1853 – 31 May 1926) was a Polish painter of realistic style, the author of watercolor landscapes.
Life and career
Masłowski was born on 3 December 1853 in
Masłowski was the son of Rajmund Masłowski (1825–1897) and Waleria Józefa Katarzyna née Danilewicz (1827[4]-1881[5]). One of his four brothers was Bolesław Masłowski, chemist (1851–1928).[6] Masłowski's grandfather from his mother, Wincenty Danilewicz vel Danielewicz,[7] (Ostoja coat of arms, born in 1787 in Mińsk Lit. – former Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth territory), was involved – as light-cavalryman – in the Napoleonic campaign, for which he was awarded the French Order of Legion of Honour.[8][9] Masłowski's father was a lawyer. He was promoted several times, changing with his family place of residence.[10]
Włodawa, place of birth of the future artist – was one of many towns where his father was employed. Masłowski family moved in 1856 from Włodawa to Garwolin, where Rajmund served as a courtroom writer. In 1858–1865 Maslowski lived in Chęciny.[11] It is worth noting that Rajmund Masłowski in January Uprising was the head of the Chęciny district. Therefore, in mid- 1864 he was arrested, and then about six months he spent in prison in Kielce[12]
Since 1865 Masłowski lived in
Art studies
Since 1871 Stanisław Masłowski lived in
However it was Ukraine, which gave to young Masłowski many painting emotions. For the first time he went there accompanied by writer Edward Chłopicki (1875). The second trip took place in 1876 (with this Ukrainian visit a number of Masłowski's letters to the artist-painter Władysław Leszczyński are involved). The next trips took place at least in 1878, and 1886.
In 1884–1887 Stanisław Masłowski entered a new phase of creativity and a new environment. At that time, he developed close relations with the group of friendly painters and writers associated with "Wędrowiec" weekly magazine, including Aleksander Gierymski and Antoni Sygietyński, and young painters: Józef Pankiewicz and Władysław Podkowiński. In 1886 Masłowski spent half a year in Munich, where – as he writes – "worked at home".
In Masłowski's creativity, years 1890–1907, was called a period of "the storm and ferment". Its initial phase is characterized by transition through
The restless period of 1902–1907 points out the artist's first trip in 1903 to Wola Rafałowska between Mińsk Mazowiecki and Siedlce, where he soon found his synthesis of his Polish landscape. In the following year he began a series of trips to Italy. In 1904 – to Rome, Florence, Fiesole, but also to Troki near Wilno. The special exhibition on "Zachęta" (1904) demonstrated Masłowski's 58 water-colours. In 1905–1907 Masłowski worked in his atelier in Warsaw (at
In June 1914 Masłowski received an invitation to taking a position as professor at the
Interwar period
In 1921 Masłowski was elected a member of the
In the last year of life, suffering from a heart disease, he little worked. He died 31 May 1926 in Warsaw[15] and was buried at the Powązki Cemetery in Warsaw, in the tomb of his mother's family (section 11-1-7/8, cf. the information boards behind the entrance of the "Saint Honorata" gate in the category: "Plastycy", i. e. "Artists").
A free time Maslowski was spending on your favorite readings of both the Old Polish literature, and foreign – mostly French or Italian (his favorite reading was
He was married (from 20 February 1897) to Aniela Ponikowska – sister of Cezary Ponikowski, lawyer (advocate-attorney), the first President of the Supreme Advocates Council in Poland (after restore of the independence of Poland, in 1918). They had son Maciej Masłowski, an art historian (born in Warsaw 24 January 1901, died in Wysokie Mazowieckie 17 August 1976).
Works
Masłowski's artistic talent occurred already at an early age. He received a silver medal in 1875 from the
The year 1875 brought in Masłowski's life the first images exhibited in the
The most interesting result of the Ukrainian and other Masłowski's expeditions were quite precursory studies and sketches from nature – watercolours, pencils, and oils, including "Trójka bałagulska" (en. A Three-Horse Carriage, National Museum in Kraków), "Studium konia" (en. Study of a Horse – ibid.), "Zima" (en. Winter – ibid.), "Cyganka" (en. Gypsy woman, 1877, formerly in Bohdan Wydżga collections), "Studium jamnika" (en. Study of Dachshund), "Szczeniaki" (en. Puppies – owned by the artist's family), "Studium psa" (en. Study of a Dog), "Głowy byków" (en. Bulls Heads – National Museum in Warsaw), "Oset" (en. Thistle, between 1876 and 1878, reproduced as a vignette in the "Sfinks" Monthly Secession magazine in 1909 and 1912). Their cognitive function rapidly transformed and expanded. One of the most interesting studies arose during a few days stay in the Gypsy camp behind the Warsaw-Praga Turnpike. But first fame, and even financial success brought him no pioneer "minor sketches" but "Duma Jaremy" (en. Jarema's Duma) and "Taniec Kozaków" (en. Cossacks Dance – Kozachok, reproduced in the booklet No 11 of "Album of Polish Painters" (Polish: "Album malarzy polskich", ed. Warsaw 1885).
In 1884–1887 Stanisław Masłowski entered into a new phase of creativity. He came into a close relationship with a fellow group of painters and writers associated with "
sees in it a lot of brightness, richness, strength of color, plasticity. At this time a new topic appears in Masłowski's works – the city of Warsaw. Particularly interesting came out a numerous notes fromThe years 1890–1907 were a "period of storm and ferment" in Masłowski work. Its initial phase – was to go through
Turn of the century
In 1899, Masłowski exhibited a dozen of watercolours in Krywult exhibition room. This year and in 1902 he participated in the exhibitions of the
A Picture "Rynek w Kazimierzu" (en. Market Square in
In 1903 Masłowski tried his hand in decorative arts – painting a ceiling in the ballroom and chapel choir in a palace at Supraśl.
The special exhibition in the "
As already mentioned, in 1909 and 1910 took place Masłowski's individual exhibitions in the
Soon he returned to
Gallery
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Konie w stajni (Horses in a stable), drawing, ca 1875 (sic!National Museum in Warsaw)
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Mullein, pencil and watercolor on paper, ca. 1875 (National Museum in Warsaw).
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Thistle, pencil and watercolor on cardboard, ca. 1876-1878 (National Museum in Warsaw)
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Cyganka (Awatercolour, 1877 (?).
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Dziewczynka ukraińska (A Ukrainian Girl),watercolour, ca. 1878
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Studium rysunkowe drzwi koscioła w Jędrzejowie (The Gate of the Church inNational Museum in Warsaw)
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Konie przy żłobie (Horses at the Crib), study in pencil on paper, ca 1880 (National Museum in Warsaw)
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Sołtys Witosek (Witosek - A Village Administrator), drawing on paper, 1880
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Andruszowka, Ukrainian Landscape of Andruszowka, watercolor, 1880, (National Museum in Warsaw)
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Marsh Landscape, ca 1880 or later (sign.1894), watercolor, gouache, pencil, collection of National Museum in Kraków[34]
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Lasek (Grove Landscape), watercolour, ca 1880-1890
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Tragarz (A Porter), a study in pencil on paper, 1884 (Historical Museum of Warsaw, phot. J. Mierzecka)
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Cossacks Dance – Kozachok, oil/canvas, 1883[35]
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Targ za Żelazną Bramą ("Iron-Gate Square" Marketplace in Warsaw), watercolor, 1884(sic![36]) (National Museum in Warsaw)
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Birch Bosket, painting, of ca 1890
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Goods Train, landscape with a goods train, watercolour, 1890, (National Museum in Warsaw)
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Portret żony artysty (Portrait of Artist's Wife), watercolor on paper, 1897 (artist's family collection)
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Chart (Greyhound), watercolor, 1898 (National Museum in Warsaw)
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Kozacy na koniach w galopie (Cossacks Gallop Riding), draw., ca 1900 (National Museum in Warsaw)
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Wnętrze kościoła w Garbowie (Interior of the Church inGarbow), watercolour, 1901 (National Museum in Warsaw)
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Troki - pejzaż ([Landscape of Trakai), watercolor, 1904 (National Museum in Warsaw)
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Portrait of Artist's Wife, drypoint, ca. 1905 (National Museum in Warsaw)
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Pasture, autumn pasture landscape in Radziejowice, watercolor, 1907, (National Museum in Warsaw)
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Staw w Radziejowicach (Pond in Radziejowice, 1907)
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Fontanna wPalazzo Massimoin Rome), watercolor, ca 1910 (National Museum in Warsaw)
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Maki, 1911 (The Field of Corn Poppies, watercolor, 1911,National Museum in Warsaw)
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Skarbiec beja Tunisu wNational Museum in Warsaw)
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Gryka (Buckwheat Field Landscape), watercolour, 1920, Collection of Muzeum Okręgowe w Rzeszowie (Regional Museum in Rzeszów, Poland), phot. Grzegorz Stec.
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National Museum in Warsaw)
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Blossoming Tree near Villa d'Este, watercolour, 1922, (National Museum in Warsaw), phot. Zbigniew Doliński
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Łubin (Lupin Field), watercolor, 1924, landscape of Wola Rafałowska, (National Museum in Warsaw)
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Gryka (Buckwheat Field Landscape), watercolour, 1924, Collection of National Museum in Warsaw
Notes
- ^ Masłowski M. [coll.]: Stanisław Masłowski – Materiały do życiorysu i twórczości (Stanisław Masłowski – Materials for the Biography and Works), Wrocław 1957, p. 232 (Polish).
- ^ see (in Polish): http://maciejmazur.cba.pl/goreccy/genealogia.html ; http://maciejmazur.cba.pl/d/2/index.html and http://maciejmazur.cba.pl/mazurowie/-_rod_samsonow.html (acc: 17 February 2014)
- ^ Piotr Jankiewicz, Marek Piotrowski: Podziały administracyjne i urzędnicy (XIII-XVIII w.). Przynależność administracyjna Wielunia (do XVI wieku) – Z Rudy do Wielunia [Administrative Divisions and Officials (13th–18th centuries) – Wieluń Administrative Belonging up to the 16th century]-see: Historia Wielunia (acc.: 2012:11:18) (Polish).
- ^ Waleria precise birth date: 26 June 1827 (Waleria certificate of birth and baptism is preserved in Masłowski family archive).
- ^ Died 21 Aug. 1881 - Warsaw, age 54 - see: https://www.sejm-wielki.pl/b/psb.17222.3 (acc.: 7 Feb. 2024)
- ^ His brothers were Bolesław, Mieczysław (died in Kraków 1928), Zdzisław and Władysław. Władysław married Russian and was conflicted with his father, who participated in January Uprising against Russian oppression. Then, in the 1880s Władysław emigrated to the United States. His specialization was brewery construction.
- ^ Learn more about Danilewicz (vel Danielewicz) family: http://ostoya.org/wiki/index.php?title=History_of_Danielewicz_family and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danielewicz.
- ^ (Polish) Stanisław Łoza|: Legia honorowa w Polsce 1803–1923 (French Order of Legion of Honour in Poland 1803–1923), Zamość 1923, ed. Zygmunt Pomarański i Spółka (reprint ed. Wydawnictwa Artystyczne i Filmowe – WAiF), Warsaw 1986, p. 38, entry No 284.
- ^ Bielecki R.: Szwoleżerowie gwardii (Guard Cavalrymen), series: "Słynne Pułki Polskie" (Famous Polish Regiments), ed. "Neriton", Warsaw 1996, p. 240 (entry No 2259) (Polish).
- ^ Masłowski M. [coll.]: Stanisław Masłowski – Materiały do życiorysu i twórczości (Stanisław Masłowski – Materials for the Biography and Works), Wrocław 1957, op. cit. (Polish).
- ^ Polski Słownik Biograficzny, Wrocław-Warsaw-Kraków-Gdańsk 1975 (ed. Polska Akademia Nauk – Zakł. Narod. im. Ossolińskich), vol. XX/1, p. 129 (entry: "Stanisław Masłowski"), p. 129 (Polish).
- ^ Masłowski M. [coll.]: Stanisław Masłowski – Materiały ..., op. cit. (Polish).
- ^ See: (Polish) http://pl.wikisource.org/wiki/Jak_si%C4%99_dzieci_w_Bronowie_z_Rozali%C4%85_bawi%C5%82y (Maria Konopnicka: How do children in Bronów with Rozalia Entertained in Wikiźródła, acc.: 2012:11:18), and (Polish) Masłowski M. [coll.]: Stanisław Masłowski – Materiały ..., op. cit. p. 24.
- ^ Polski Słownik Biograficzny, Wrocław-Warsaw-Kraków-Gdańsk 1975 (ed. Polska Akad. Nauk – Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich), vol. XX/1, op. cit. p. 129 (Polish).
- ^ See.: (Polish) Masłowski M. [coll.]: Stanisław Masłowski – Materiały do życiorysu i twórczości, p. 232.
- ^ (Polish) Masłowski M. [coll.]: Stanisław Masłowski – Materiały do życiorysu i twórczości, p. 232.
- Lives of the Most Eminent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects), Warsaw 1989, Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy – PIW, p. XXXVI – where K. Estreicher – (author of introduction and notes) writes: "We felt the need for a translation of the works of Vasari. Before World War I it was S. Masłowski, who translated the 'Lives', next it was J. Morawiński in interwar period. Manuscripts of these translations preserved" (Polish).
- ^ A similar opinion on Masłowski's painting expressed Irena Piotrowska, who wrote that his "noble landscape views mark the borderline of the Realism and Impressionism". – see: Irena Piotrowska: The Art of Poland, Philosophical Library Publishers, New York, 1947, p. 89 (Chapter XIII – Polish landscape painting).
- ^ Gerson W.: Wystawa TZSP (TZSP Exhibition), "Tygodnik Illustrowany" (Illustrated Weekly) 1888, vol. I, p. 410 (Polish).
- ^ Rutkowski S.: Stanisław Masłowski (1853–1926), "Sztuki Piękne" ("Fine Arts") vol. 1926, No 10-11 (Polish).
- ^ Jankowski J.: Wstęp do reprodukcji obrazu Masłowskiego "Spór o granicę" (Introduction to the Reproduction of Masłowski Picture: "Border Dispute" Masłowski), Album sztuki polskiej i obcej (Album of Polish and Foreign Art), Warsaw 1907–1910 (ed. S. Orgelbrand) (Polish).
- ^ Trzebiński M.: Pamiętnik malarza (Diary of a Painter ), Wrocław 1958 (Polish).
- ^ Mickiewicz A.: Pan Tadeusz, Łódź [1906], ed. & print. by "Rozwój" (Polish) – 6 reproduced Masłowski's illustrations to "Pan Tadeusz"
- ^ Komza M.: Mickiewicz ilustrowany (Mickiewicz Illustrated), Wrocław 1987 (ed. by Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich), p. 264 (Polish).
- ^ H. Piątkowski: Kronika malarska. Obrazy S. Masłowskiego w salonie Kulikowskiego (Chronicle of Art – S. Masłowski Paintings in Kulikowski Exhibition Room), "Tygodnik Illustrowany", 1907, vol. I, pp. 331–332 (Polish).
- ^ W. Wankie: Z wystaw warszawskich (From Warsaw Exhibitions), Świat 1907, vol. I, p. 15 (Polish).
- ^ Repr. in: 1) "Tygodnik Illustrowany" (Illustrated Weekly), 1907, vol. I, p. 295; 2)´Album sztuki polskiej i obcej (Album of Polish and Foreign Art), ed. by "Świat" (in colour); 3) 5 wieków malarstwa polskiego (5 Centuries of Polish Painting), Warsaw 1952, tabl. 142.
- ^ Poem by Jacek Kaczmarski referring to this image Wiosna 1905 (wg obrazu S. Masłowskiego) Archived 16 April 2013 at archive.today[acc: 14 November 2012] – listen (in Polish): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WozUE6r8X0I [acc: 23 October 2014] (Polish).
- ^ Piątkowski H.: Wystawa Stanisława Masłowskiego (Stanisław Masłowski exhibition), "Tygodnik Illustrowany" (Illustrated Weekly) 1910, vol. II, p. 969 (Polish).
- [acc. 25 May 2018]
- ^ Masłowski M. [oprac.]: Stanisław Masłowski – Materiały..., op. cit. (Polish).
- ^ Cękalska-Zborowska H.: Wieś w malarstwie i rysunku naszych artystów (The Country in Painting and Drawing of Our Artists), Warsaw 1969, pp. 263–285 (Polish).
- ^ Note: Date of production (1875) and the date of signature (1894) are different; see: Stanisław Masłowski - Materiały do życiorysu i twórczości, Wrocław, 1957, ed. Ossolineum (Polish)
- ^ Photo Laboratory of National Museum in Kraków
- ^ Its reproduction was first published in Album malarzy polskich, 1885, vol. 11, "M. Robiczek Publ. in Warsaw"
- ^ Note: Date of production (1884) and the date of signature (1890) are different; see: Stanisław Masłowski - Materiały do życiorysu i twórczości, Wrocław, 1957, ed. Ossolineum (Polish).
- ^ It was reproduced in "Tygodnik Illustrowany" Magazine, 1899, vol. I, p. 305.
Bibliography
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- Jasieński F.: Wstęp do reprodukcji obrazu Masłowskiego "Lasek" (Introduction to Reproduction of S. Masłowski Painting "Grove"), "Album sztuki polskiej", [The Album of Polish Art], Lwów 1903.
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