Winona, Minnesota

Winona (/wɪnˈoʊnə/ win-OH-nə) is a city in and the county seat of Winona County, Minnesota, United States.^[7] Located in bluff country on the Mississippi River, its most noticeable physical landmark is Sugar Loaf. The population was 25,948 at the 2020 census.^[5]

History

The site was of the village of Keoxa of Dakota people.^[8] The city is named after Winona, a figure in a Sioux legend.^[9]

European immigrants settled the area in 1851 and laid out the town into lots in 1852 and 1853. The original settlers were immigrants from

The railroad and steamboat transportation industries helped Winona grow into a small city that diversified into wheat milling, and lumber production. In 1856, more than 1,300 steamboats stopped at Winona.^[13] The Winona and St. Peter Railroad first segment of 11 miles (18 km) from Winona to Stockton, Minnesota was completed by the end of 1862. Winona then had the second operational railroad in Minnesota, after the St. Paul and Pacific Line from Saint Paul to St. Anthony Falls.^[14] In December 1870, the Mississippi River was bridged at Winona by the Winona Rail Bridge.^[15] In 1892, a wagon toll-bridge over the Mississippi, a steel high-bridge, was completed and remained in service until the opening of the Main Channel Bridge in 1942.

Winona has two historic districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places that combine into a single local historic district administered by the city's Heritage Preservation Commission.

A

Valley of the Mississippi from Winona, c. 1898

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 24.32 square miles (62.99 km²); 19.03 square miles (49.29 km²) is land and 5.29 square miles (13.70 km²) is water.^[17] Lock and Dam 5A spans the Mississippi River in Winona. The highway bridge connecting Winona to the Wisconsin side of the river is at approximately River Mile 726 (USACE map 31^[18]).

Winona's primary suburbs are Goodview, Stockton, Minnesota City and Rollingstone to the west, Homer to the southeast and Bluff Siding is 3 miles directly across the interstate bridge to the north and Fountain City to the north. Rochester is 44 miles to the west of Winona, La Crescent is 21 miles to the south, and La Crosse is 30 miles to the southeast.

Winona is part of the driftless area, a region never covered by ice during the last ice age, that includes southeastern Minnesota, northeastern Iowa, southwestern Wisconsin and northwestern Illinois.

Just northeast of the city, connected to Winona via a number of bridges, is Latsch Island. Officially part of the city since 1998, Latsch Island has been home to a unique community of houseboat ("Boathouse") residents for several decades.

The United States

Winona's weather station records the warmest climate of any in Minnesota, with a normal year-round average (1971–2000) temperature of 48.9 °F (9.4 °C)[20] compared to 43.2 °F (6.2 °C) in Austin to the city's southwest or 45.4 °F (7.4 °C) in Minneapolis, to the northwest, which experiences a strong urban heat island effect. Temperatures are generally very mild by Minnesota standards year-round; the January mean is 17.6 °F (−8.0 °C), while that of July is 75.8 °F (24.3 °C). Winona has a humid continental climate (Dfa) with hot, humid summers and cold, snowy winters.

Demographics

2020 census

As of the

2010 census

As of the

There were 10,449 households, of which 20.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.4% were married couples living together, 8.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 51.9% were non-families. 35.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.24 and the average family size was 2.84.

The median age in the city was 26.7 years. 14.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 33.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 18.5% were from 25 to 44; 20.5% were from 45 to 64; and 13.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.3% male and 52.7% female.

2000 census

As of the

Ancestries: German (43.2%), Norwegian (15.5%), Polish (14.8%), Irish (13.0%), English (5.5%), French (3.6%).

There were 10,301 households, out of which 23.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.4% were married couples living together, 8.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 48.3% were non-families. 35.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.27 and the average family size was 2.94.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 18.0% under the age of 18, 27.5% from 18 to 24, 22.2% from 25 to 44, 18.0% from 45 to 64, and 14.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $32,845, and the median income for a family was $48,413. Males had a median income of $31,047 versus $23,302 for females. The

Economy

Winona is home to the headquarters of the Watkins Corporation, Fastenal, Thern Inc., Knitcraft Corporation, RTP Company, We-No-Nah Canoe,^[26] United Building Centers, Badger Equipment Company,^[27] Winona Lighting, Hal Leonard Music, WinCraft Sports, and Winona Pattern & Mold.^[28] Bay State Milling operates a grain processing facility in Winona and was founded there in 1899.^{[citation needed]}

Winona is also known as the stained glass capital of the United States.^[29]

Winona is home to the Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and fish Refuge. https://www.fws.gov/refuge/upper-mississippi-river

Fastenal, headquartered in Winona.^[30], ranked number 479 in the 2021 Fortune 500 based on its 2020 revenues. In 2023 Fastenal fell to number 514. https://tcbmag.com/minnesota-now-has-15-fortune-500-companies/ Its stock is a component of the Nasdaq 100 index.

Top employers

According to the City's 2022 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,^[31] the largest employers in the city are:

Arts and culture

Architecture

Winona has several buildings of architectural significance.

• Choate Department Store
• Merchants National Bank Building
• Watkins Incorporated Building
• WNB Financial Building

Culture

Winona is home to the Great River Shakespeare Theater^[32] and the Minnesota Beethoven Festival.^[33]

Landmarks

• Sugar Loaf is river bluff topped by a distinctive rock pinnacle, which was left after quarrying activity in the 19th century. It is located at the junction of Highway 61 and Highway 43/Mankato Avenue.^[34]
• Polish Cathedral Style
  .
• Lake Winona is separated from the Mississippi River by downtown Winona. It is surrounded by a park, which contains the Winona Lake Park Bandshell and a recreation center.^[35]
• Garvin Heights City Park is an overlook of the Mississippi River that is used to view a panorama of the city and surrounding area.^[36]
• Merchants National Bank by Purcell and Elmslie is a bank building designed in the Prairie School architectural style. It was built in 1912 and features elaborate terracotta and stained-glass ornamentation.

Government

Winona is located in Minnesota's 1st congressional district, represented by Brad Finstad, a Republican.^[37] At the state level, Winona is located in Senate District 28, represented by Republican Jeremy Miller, and in House District 28A, represented by Democrat Gene Pelowski. Nearby House District 28B is represented by Greg Davids, a Republican. Scott Sherman is mayor.^[38]

Education

Winona became the site of the first normal school west of the Mississippi in 1858 with the establishment of Winona Normal School (now Winona State University). This was the beginning of Winona's tradition as a center of higher education. In 2018-2019, Winona State University (WSU) had approximately 7,200 undergraduate students and 560 graduate students.^[45] WSU is part of the Minnesota State college system.^[46]

Saint Mary's College (now

Main Square Montessori (MSM) is a nonprofit Montessori learning center for children from the ages of 16 months to six years old in a partnership between the Hiawatha Education Foundation and Cotter Schools.[53]

Several organizations also provide community education. The Minnesota Conservatory for the Arts offers community classes for early childhood through 55+ adult programs in the areas of dance, music, theater, and visual arts.^[54] Winona Area Public Schools,^[55][56] Winona State University,^[57] The City of Winona Parks and Recreation,^[58] and Winona Arts Center^[59] offer additional community learning opportunities.

Media

Print

Winona has two newspapers: the Winona Daily News, a daily morning paper; and the Winona Post, a weekly paper with a Wednesday edition.

Television

Winona receives TV signals from neighboring cities, including several channels each from

• Carol Bartz, former CEO of Yahoo!, formerly of Autodesk
• Charles H. Berry, first Attorney General of Minnesota
• Bernhard Brenner, founder/president of Knitcraft Corporation, manufacturer of St. Croix luxury knitwear
• Polish Cultural Institute and Museum
• Robert Henry Brom
  , Roman Catholic bishop
• NBA
  player
• Hal Leonard Corporation
• Saint Stanislaus Kostka Parish and founder of the Polish-language newspaper Wiarus
• Tracy Caulkins, swimmer, three-time Olympic gold medalist
• Max Conrad, aviator
• Buffalo Nickel
  and the "End of the Trail" statue
• Paul Giel, athlete, two-time Big Ten Player of the Year, member of College Football Hall of Fame
• Mabel Farrington Gifford, expert on speech defects and disorders
• Elliott Heath, distance runner
• Garrett Heath, distance runner
• James "J. R." Keller
  , state senator and representative
• Bob Kierlin, businessman and politician
• Alphonse Roy Lejk, politician
• John G. McMynn, Wisconsin Superintendent of Public Instruction
• William D. Mitchell, United States Attorney General under presidents Calvin Coolidge and Herbert Hoover
• Thomas H. Moodie, North Dakota governor
• Kashubian American
  activist
• Benjamin H. Randall, American politician and businessman, early settler to Minnesota Territory
• Winona Ryder, actress, born in Winona and named after the city
• Corey Schell, American professional bowhunter and archer
• Charles Peter Schuler, Minnesota state legislator and businessman
• Orlando Stevens, member of the state legislatures of Vermont and Minnesota
• Tom Stoa, Minnesota state legislator and beekeeper
• Eleanor Joy Toll, Los Angeles-area educator and clubwoman
• Joseph Ray Watkins, entrepreneur and founder of Watkins Incorporated
• Julie Wera, infielder with 1927 New York Yankees
• Eugenia Wheeler Goff (1844-1922), historian, cartographer, educator, and author
• Secretary of the Treasury
• Cat Zingano, mixed martial artist

Sister cities

• Bytów, Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland^[62]
• Misato, Miyagi, Japan

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Winona, Minnesota.

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Winona.

• City of Winona -- Official Website
• Winona Chamber of Commerce