Xainza County
Xainza County
申扎县 • ཤན་རྩ་རྫོང་། Shantsa, Shentsa | |
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China Standard) | |
Website | www |
Xainza County | |||||||
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Chinese name | |||||||
Tibetan | ཤན་རྩ་རྫོང་། | ||||||
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Xainza County, also Shantsa, Shentsa,[2] (Tibetan: ཤན་རྩ་རྫོང; Chinese: 申扎县) is a county within Nagqu of the Tibet Autonomous Region of China. In 1999 the county had a population of 16,190.
Geography
The capital lies at
"In this region there are 67 lakes, including some of Tibet's largest:
Jangtang Nature Reserve. Ten large salt fields testify to the importance of this region for the traditional trading commodity of the Jangtang Plateau."[4]
Lakes in close proximity to the main town are
Climate
Xainza has an extreme subarctic climate, bordering on polar. The climate of the county is typical of a plateau climate zone, with thin, cold air and a dry climate, with 279.1 days of frost per year on average.[3] The average annual wind speed is 3.8 m/s (12.5 ft/s), the average annual temperature is 0.4 °C (32.7 °F), and the average annual precipitation is 298.6 millimetres (11.76 in).[3]
Climate data for Xainza (1991–2020 normals) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 12.5 (54.5) |
11.0 (51.8) |
15.4 (59.7) |
22.9 (73.2) |
25.7 (78.3) |
31.0 (87.8) |
25.0 (77.0) |
28.0 (82.4) |
26.0 (78.8) |
21.0 (69.8) |
17.8 (64.0) |
11.5 (52.7) |
31.0 (87.8) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −2.0 (28.4) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
3.0 (37.4) |
6.7 (44.1) |
11.3 (52.3) |
15.9 (60.6) |
16.4 (61.5) |
15.5 (59.9) |
13.7 (56.7) |
8.1 (46.6) |
2.8 (37.0) |
−0.2 (31.6) |
7.6 (45.6) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −9.4 (15.1) |
−7.6 (18.3) |
−4.1 (24.6) |
−0.1 (31.8) |
4.5 (40.1) |
9.0 (48.2) |
10.2 (50.4) |
9.5 (49.1) |
7.4 (45.3) |
1.1 (34.0) |
−4.6 (23.7) |
−7.8 (18.0) |
0.7 (33.2) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −16.3 (2.7) |
−14.5 (5.9) |
−10.9 (12.4) |
−6.2 (20.8) |
−1.5 (29.3) |
3.2 (37.8) |
5.3 (41.5) |
4.8 (40.6) |
2.3 (36.1) |
−4.7 (23.5) |
−11.2 (11.8) |
−14.8 (5.4) |
−5.4 (22.3) |
Record low °C (°F) | −30.9 (−23.6) |
−28.5 (−19.3) |
−23.0 (−9.4) |
−18.8 (−1.8) |
−17.0 (1.4) |
−8.1 (17.4) |
−7.0 (19.4) |
−4.0 (24.8) |
−11.0 (12.2) |
−16.9 (1.6) |
−23.4 (−10.1) |
−30.0 (−22.0) |
−30.9 (−23.6) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 1.4 (0.06) |
1.2 (0.05) |
2.3 (0.09) |
6.6 (0.26) |
20.5 (0.81) |
54.2 (2.13) |
97.1 (3.82) |
102.6 (4.04) |
47.9 (1.89) |
7.9 (0.31) |
1.7 (0.07) |
1.2 (0.05) |
344.6 (13.58) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.6 | 5.0 | 9.2 | 14.9 | 20.5 | 21.4 | 14.8 | 3.9 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 99.4 |
Average snowy days | 3.9 | 4.4 | 5.6 | 8.6 | 12.7 | 5.5 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 57.8 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
31 | 29 | 30 | 37 | 44 | 52 | 61 | 64 | 59 | 41 | 34 | 29 | 43 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 223.9 | 216.9 | 255.2 | 261.6 | 282.0 | 255.6 | 227.4 | 213.9 | 242.3 | 274.1 | 248.5 | 236.1 | 2,937.5 |
Percent possible sunshine | 69 | 69 | 68 | 67 | 66 | 60 | 53 | 53 | 66 | 79 | 79 | 75 | 67 |
Source 1: China Meteorological Administration[8][9] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Météo Climat[10] |
Geology
The county has been geologically well assessed in publications. Xainza contains an
Lakes
Economy
Animal husbandry is the chief source of income in the county.[3] Jiagang Hydropower Station was built in the 1990s and as of 2008 serves about 20,000 nomadic households across the county.[15][16] Gold mining in the county has reportedly affected water quality and some area of grassland.[17] An alluvial gold mine which generated "5 million yuan (US$617,300) of the county's 8.5-million budgetary income" was slated to be shut down in 2005.[18] Other reserves include iron, lead, copper, salt, borax and phosphorus.[3] The county has a reported geothermal resources area of about 100,000 square meters and is rich in fish resources.[3]
Administrative divisions
The county contains 2 towns and 6 townships.
"The county capital of Shentsa is located at Naktsang (Shentsa), 805 km from Lumaringpo in Gertse county, and 232 km from Palgon. However, due to the vastness of this region, there is a third administrative centre at Tsonyi (Twin Lakes) in the north. Naktsang (Shentsa) to Tsonyi is 442 km."[4]
Name | Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin
|
Tibetan
|
Wylie |
---|---|---|---|---|
Towns | ||||
Xainza Town (Shantsa, Naktsang) |
申扎镇 | Shēnzhā zhèn | ཤན་རྩ་གྲོང་རྡལ། | shan rtsa grong rdal |
Xungmai Town | 雄梅镇 | Xióngméi zhèn | གཞུང་སྨད་གྲོང་རྡལ། | gzhung smad grong rdal |
Townships | ||||
Zhago Township | 下过乡 | Xiàguò xiāng | བཞ་སྒོ་ཤང་། | bzha sgor shang |
Khyak Township | 卡乡 | Kǎ xiāng | འཁྱག་ཤང་། | 'khyag shang |
Patra Township | 巴扎乡 | Bāzhā xiāng | པ་བཀྲ་ཤང་། | pa bkra shang |
Tarma Township | 塔尔玛乡 | Tǎ'ěrmǎ xiāng | ཐར་མ་ཤང་། | thar ma shang |
Mepa Township | 买巴乡 | Mǎibā xiāng | སྨད་པ་ཤང་། | smad pa shang |
Mar'yo Township | 马跃乡 | Mǎyuè xiāng | མར་ཡོ་ཤང་། | mar yo shang |
References
Citations
- ^ "那曲市第七次全国人口普查主要数据公报" (in Chinese). Statistics Bureau of Nagqu. 2021-07-09.
- ^ Dorje (2009), pp. 396-397
- ^ HudongEncyclopedia. Retrieved 31 March 2012.
- ^ a b c Dorje (2009), p. 396.
- ^ Maps (Map). Google Maps.
- ISBN 978-0-7923-6688-1. Retrieved 31 March 2012.
- ISBN 978-7-5085-0374-5. Retrieved 31 March 2012.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 27 September 2023.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 27 September 2023.
- ^ "Weather extremes for Xainza". Météo Climat. Retrieved 11 November 2019.
- ISBN 978-0-8137-2466-9. Retrieved 31 March 2012.
- ISBN 978-90-6764-223-1. Retrieved 31 March 2012.
- ISBN 978-0-471-63125-5. Retrieved 31 March 2012.
- ^ Oceanic Abstracts. Cambridge Scientific Abstracts. 1987. Retrieved 31 March 2012.
- ^ United States. Foreign Broadcast Information Service (1994). Daily report: People's Republic of China. Distributed by National Technical Information Service. p. 51. Retrieved 31 March 2012.
- ^ "Qinghai-Tibet Railway Enhances the Development of Tibet". Tibet Magazine. Retrieved 31 March 2012.
- ^ British Broadcasting Corporation. Monitoring Service (2000). Summary of world broadcasts: Asia, Pacific. British Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 31 March 2012.
- ^ "Tibet tries its best to stay a clean land". Asia Africa Intelligence Wire. 2005-09-14. Retrieved 2012-04-07.
Sources
- Dorje, Gyurme. (2009) Footprint Tibet Handbook. 4th Edition. Bath, U.K.