Xuzhou (ancient China)
Xuzhou | |
---|---|
Hanyu Pinyin | Xúzhōu |
Xuzhou as a historical toponym refers to varied area in different eras.
Ordinarily, it was a reference to the one of the
History
Pre-Qin era
Xuzhou or Xu Province was one of the Nine Provinces of ancient China mentioned in Chinese historical texts such as the Tribute of Yu, Erya and Rites of Zhou.
The Yu Gong [Tribute of Yu] records: "The Sea, Mount Dai (ancient name of Mount Tai), and the Huai River served as the boundaries of Xuzhou."[1][2] While the definition of Xuzhou is more brief in Erya: "Where is located in the east of Ji River". Based on these descriptions, the ancient Xuzhou covered an area that roughly corresponds to the regions in modern southeastern Shandong (south of Mount Tai) and northern Jiangsu (north of the Huai River).[3][4]
Han dynasty
In 106 BCE, during the reign of
Three Kingdoms period and Jin dynasty
During the Three Kingdoms period (220–280), Xuzhou was a territory of the state of Cao Wei (220–265), and its capital was moved to Pengcheng (彭城; present-day Xuzhou, Jiangsu).[4] The area of Xuzhou shrunk slightly as its southern border with Sun Wu.[3]
After the fall of the
Sixteen Kingdoms and Southern and Northern Dynasties period
In the Sixteen Kingdoms period, Xuzhou was divided between, or came under the administration of, various kingdoms:[3][4]
- The Zhangqiu, Shandong), and moved it to Liyang (黎陽; east of present-day Xun County, Henan), and later to Juancheng (鄄城; north of present-day Juancheng County, Shandong).
- The Southern Yan kingdom (398–410) set up Xuzhou's capital at Jucheng (莒城; present-day Ju County, Shandong), which administered parts of southeastern Shandong.
- The Later Qin kingdom (384–417) set up Xuzhou's capital at Xiang (項; south of present-day Shenqiu County, Henan), which administered the regions east of present-day Shangqiu, Taikang County, Shangshui County in Henan province, as well as Bozhou, Woyang County and Mengcheng County in Anhui province.
In 408, during reign of the Emperor An (r. 397–419) of the Eastern Jin, Liu Yu recaptured the former territory in the north of the Huai River, the Xuzhou was renamed as North Xuzhou, whose south border next to the Huai River while capital was Pengcheng, in 411.[3] Meanwhile, the migrated Xuzhou remained.
In 421, during the reign of
In 433, during the reign of Emperor Taiwu (r. 424–452) of the Northern Wei (386–535), Xuzhou's capital was established at Jiyang County (濟陽縣; northeast of present-day Lankao, Henan).[3][4] It was disbanded in 467 during the reign of Emperor Xianwen (r. 465–471).
In 473, as the original area was captured by Northern Wei, Liu Song set up the new Xuzhou whose capital was located in Yan County (燕縣; present-day Feng Yang, Anhui).[3][8]
Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties
During the reign of
During the reign of the Hongwu Emperor (r. 1368–1398) in the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), the name "Xuzhou" was restored, and the administrative division governed Pei County and Feng County in Jiangsu, and Dangshan County and Xiao County in Anhui.
Xuzhou became "Xuzhou Prefecture" (徐州府) in the Qing dynasty (1644–1912) during the reign of the Yongzheng Emperor (r. 1722–1735) and it administered the modern city of Xuzhou and Suqian in Jiangsu, and Suzhou, Xiao County and Dangshan County in Anhui.
As other alternative toponym
Pre-Qin era
- An area in the east of Lu state: Zhu (邾; in the southeast of present-day Shandong). "Xu" (徐) was "Zhu", the Chinese character's variant sometimes in ancient China.[9]
- An area of Qi state: Xue (薛; south of present-day Tengzhou, Shandong). In 340 BCE, Xiapi (下邳) was moved to Xue, then the latter renamed Xuzhou.[4]
- An area of Qi state originally, captured by Yan and Zhao later: Shuzhou (舒州; present-day Dacheng, Hebei).[4]
Jurchen Jin dynasty
During the reign of
References
- ^ 禹貢 [Tribute of Yu].
海、岱及惟徐州:淮、沂其乂,蒙、羽其藝;大野既豬,東原厎平。厥土赤埴墳。草木漸包。厥田惟上中,厥賦中中。厥貢惟土五色,羽畎夏翟,嶧陽孤桐,泗濱浮磬,淮夷蠙珠暨魚;厥篚玄纖縞。浮於淮、泗,達於菏
- ^ English translation of the quoted Chinese text from the Yu Gong.
- ^ ISBN 978-7-500-07958-3.
- ^ ISBN 7-5326-0299-0.
- ^ a b "宋书·志第二十五".
- ^ a b "江苏省志·地理志".
- ^ "江苏省志·地名志".
- ^ "南齐书·志第六".
- ^ Gu, Jiegang (1988). "徐和淮夷的遷留". 文史 Literature and History. 31: 1–28.