Zasavica (bog)
Zasavica | ||
---|---|---|
Primary inflows Zasavica River | | |
Primary outflows | Zasavica River | |
Basin countries | Serbia | |
Max. length | 33 kilometres (21 mi) | |
Max. width | 300 metres (330 yd) | |
Surface area | 11.5 square kilometres (4.4 sq mi) | |
Average depth | 2.5 metres (8.2 ft) | |
Max. depth | 10 metres (33 ft) | |
Surface elevation | 76-82 m (250-270 ft) | |
Settlements | Zasavica I Zasavica II Noćaj Ravnje | |
Official name | Zasavica | |
Designated | 13 March 2008 | |
Reference no. | 1783[1] |
The Zasavica (
Location
Zasavica is located several kilometers across the
Geography
The Zasavica bog is a marshy
Human history
Remains show that humans were already settled in the marshy areas of Mačva in 5000
From recent history, Zasavica is known as both the hiding place and a battle ground of Zeka Buljubaša, one of the heroes of the First Serbian Uprising. He was finally defeated and killed by the Ottomans in Zasavica in 1813.[5]
In 2017–2020, a dozen sculptures of the animals which inhabit the reserve were carved and exhibited in the open, including beaver, umbra fish and donkey. They were made by the artistic team of archaeologist Zoran Đajić. In September 2020, a massive, 15-ton heavy sculpture of a "Serbian ox" was placed at the main entry. Celebrating importance of oxen in older Serbian history, the sculpture was carved from one slab of hard, ancient Brazilian stone, formed over 1 billion years ago. The sculptor is Velimir Karavelić.[6]
Preservation
Special reservation of nature of Zasavica was formed in 1997 and placed under the state protection as the category I natural treasure of exquisite value.[3] It includes the bog and surrounding terrains, with a total area of 18.25 square kilometers.[4] Of that, 6.75 square kilometres (2.61 sq mi) or 37% is placed under the level I of protection and the rest is in levels II and III. The majority of the protected area covers the water surfaces of the rivers and canals Zasavica, Jovac, Prekopac and Batar. Zasavica has a priority nomination to become a Ramsar site. It is proclaimed an Important Bird Area and since 2001 it is a member of the Europark Federation, federation of the national parks of Europe.
Wildlife
Plants
Flowering plants
There are over 600 species of plants recorded in the reservation. Several of them are endangered natural rarities and listed in the Serbia's
Fungi
150 species of
Trees
Although dozens of species of trees are found, the forests, which make up 16.74% of the reservation, mainly consist of
Invertebrate
Plankton
Phytoplankton is represented with 234 species and zooplankton with 220. Representatives of the first group are the Batrachospermnum algae, fresh water sponge (Spongilla lacustris) and fresh water jellyfish (Craspedacustra sowerbii). Out of the second group, 21 taxa are new and recently discovered in Serbia.
Insects
250 species of insects live in Zasavica and 15 of them are protected. There are several rare species of longhorn beetle (out of 35 living in Zasavica) and endemic Balkan species including three recently discovered in Serbia: Syrian longhorn beetle (Arhopalus syriacus), Morimus asper and Agapanthia lais. Species of Cerambyx cerdo and Morimus funereus are protected. Endemic and rare cricket Zeuneriana amplipennis, living only in Serbia, is also found.
Vertebrate
Fish
In Zasavica live 23 species of fish, categorised in 8 families and 20 genera. The most common are members of the
Herpetofauna
Zasavica hosts 27 species of reptiles and amphibians, of which all 12 amphibian and 4 reptilian species are protected and some of them are on the preliminary list to be included into the Red Book. Six amphibian and seven reptilian species are also classified as the endangered species by the Bern Convention. Two endemic Balkan species live in Zasavica: Danube crested newt and eastern sub-species of the sand lizard, Lacerta agilis bosnica, which is European Protected Species.
Birds
There are 185
Mammals
So far, 45 species of mammals are found in Zasavica. It is ideal for the water-bound species like
Special residents of Zasavica
Balkan donkey
Zasavica is the location of the only farm of the
Beavers
The main attraction in the reservation are the reintroduced
Initial fears that the beavers will not adapt proved to be groundless as very soon first dam was spotted and the animals began to reproduce. A dam is 30 metres (33 yd) long and 1.8 feet (0.55 m) tall (of that, 0.8 metres (2.6 ft) above the water) and located at the Batar's mouth into Zasavica. In the late 2006 a dam in the canal Glušci, which flows into the Zasavica, was discovered and the beavers, though not the dams, are spotted in the river of
By 2012, beavers in Zasavica built 17 burrows and 6 dams, their population grew to a 100 and the chipped specimen have been caught near Šabac, Obrenovac and even Brčko, 135 kilometres (84 mi) upstream, in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Population found in Obedska Bara is a local one, being reintroduced in the same time and as the part of the same project as the Zasavica beavers. Initially knocking down the poplars and willows, causing damage to the surrounding arable land, after several years in which they adapted the habitat to their needs, beavers for the most part stopped being a nuisance to the local inhabitants.[8]
By 2020 they spread all over the northern and western parts of Serbia. Apart from the Sava, Drina, and Jadar, they have been spotted in the
Mangulica
Podolian
In 1998 the cattle of the Podolian breed was introduced in Zasavica. First animals arrived in the spring of 1998 from Mionica, in western Serbia. Pasture "Valjevac", near the small Goransko-ribolovačko lake was chosen as their home. The pasture has an area of 3 square kilometers and numbered 80 cattle by 2011.[12] Breeding of Podolian cattle is being part of the program for the preservation of the animal species, developed by the Serbian Ministry of agriculture.[4]
In the reserve there are several other, today rare, breeds of domesticated animals:
European mudminnow
The
Gallery
See also
- List of lakes in Serbia
References
- ^ "Zasavica". Ramsar Sites Information Service. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
- ISBN 86-01-02651-6
- ^ a b c d "Mangulica, dabar i lokvanji" (in Serbian). Politika. 2008-04-30: 41.
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(help) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j (in Serbian) Zasavica site Archived April 5, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Mala enciklopedija Prosveta (in Serbian). Vol. II (I ed.). Belgrade: Prosveta. 1959. p. 562.
- ^ Miomir Filipović (6 September 2020). "Podignut prvi spomenik srpskom volu" [First monument to Serbian ox erected]. Politika (in Serbian). p. 9.
- ^ Jelenko Slatinac (1 May 2011), "Svetski dan magaraca na Zasavici", Politika (in Serbian)
- ^ a b c Jelenko Slatinac (17 August 2012), "Dabrovi osvajaju nova staništa", Politika (in Serbian)
- ^ "Dabrovi oglodali mnoga imanja" (in Serbian). Retrieved 2008-05-27.
- ^ Branka Vasiljević (6 August 2020). "Povratak dabra posle više od sto godina" [Beaver returns after 100 years]. Politika (in Serbian). p. 15.
- ^ Jelenko Slatinac, "Zbog mangulice u Zasavicu", Politika (in Serbian)
- ^ Jelenko Slatinac (2 December 2011), ""Kod dabra" na ćašu magarećek likera", Politika (in Serbian)
- ^ Nenad Novak Stefanović (August 2009), "Leti ptica mangulica", Politika (in Serbian)
- ^ Službeni glasnik Republike Srbije (in Serbian). 1993-07-09. pp. br. 50.
- ^ "Mrguda pronađena u Bačkom Monoštoru" (in Serbian). Retrieved 2008-05-27.