Petrovaradin

Coordinates: 45°15′N 19°52′E / 45.250°N 19.867°E / 45.250; 19.867
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Petrovaradin
Петроварадин (Serbian)
Town
From top: Panoramic view of Petrovaradin's Podgrađe, Belgrade's Gate, The Our Lady of Snow Ecumenic Church, Petrovaradin Fortress
UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
21131
Area code+381 21
Vehicle registrationns

Petrovaradin (Serbian Cyrillic: Петроварадин, pronounced [petroʋarǎdiːn]) is a historic town in the Serbian province of Vojvodina, now a part of the city of Novi Sad. As of 2011, the urban area has 14,810 inhabitants.[1] Lying on the right bank of the Danube, across the main part of Novi Sad, it is built around the Petrovaradin Fortress, the historical anchor of the modern city.

Name

Petrovaradin was founded by the Celts, but its original name is unknown. During Roman administration it was known as Cusum. After the Romans conquered the region from the Celtic tribe of Scordisci, they built the Cusum fortress where present Petrovaradin Fortress now stands. In addition, the town received its name from the Byzantines, who called it Petrikon or Petrikov (Πετρικον) and who presumably named it after Saint Peter.

In documents from 1237, the town was first mentioned under the name Peturwarod (Pétervárad), which was named after Hungarian lord

Habsburg
administration.

Today, the municipality is known in Serbian as Петроварадин, in Hungarian as Pétervárad, and in German as Peterwardein.

Geography

Petrovaradin is located in the

Petrovaradin fortress
).

History

Human settlement in the territory of present-day Petrovaradin has been traced as far back as the Stone Age (about 4500 BC). This region was conquered by Celts (in the 4th century BC) and Romans (in the 1st century BC).

The Celts founded the first fortress at this location. It was part of the tribal state of the Scordisci, which had its capital in Singidunum (present-day Belgrade). During the Roman administration, a larger fortress was built (in the 1st century) with the name Cusum and was included into Roman Pannonia. Subsequently, the fortress was included into the Pannonia Inferior and the Pannonia Secunda. In the 5th century, Cusum was devastated by the invasion of the Huns.

The town was then conquered by

Theme of Sirmium
.

Later, the town became part of the Kingdom of Hungary.

Between 1522 and 1526, Petrovaradin was a base for the early Ŝajkaš regiments, but in 1526, the Ottoman Empire took Petrovaradin after a two-week battle waged against combined forces of Croats, Serbs and Hungarians.

In the war of 1683–1699 with the

Habsburg control as a part of the Slavonian Military Frontier
.

In 1695, a military force of Serbs—600 infantry and 200 cavalry—under Captain Pane Božić were brought to Petrovaradin to serve. One thousand Serbs worked on the construction of the Citadel and fortifications under the guidance of

Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban
.

During Hungarian administration, the town was firstly part of the Bolgyán County and then part of the Syrmia County, while during Ottoman administration, it was firstly part of the vassal duchy of Syrmia ruled by Serb duke Radoslav Čelnik (1527–1530), and then part of the Sanjak of Syrmia.

During the Ottoman administration, Petrovaradin had 200 houses and three mosques. There was also a Christian quarter with 35 houses populated with Croats.

Battle of Petrovaradin 1716.

Petrovaradin was the site of a notable battle on August 5, 1716 in which the Habsburg monarchy led by the Prince Eugene of Savoy defeated the forces of the Ottomans led by the Silahdar Damat Ali Pasha. Habsburg forces led by Prince Eugene later defeated the Ottomans at Belgrade before the Ottomans sued for peace at Požarevac.

During the Habsburg administration, Petrovaradin was part of the Habsburg Military Frontier (Slavonian general command - Petrovaradin regiment). In 1848–49, the town was part of Serbian Vojvodina, but in 1849, it was returned under the administration of the Military Frontier. With the abolishment of the Military Frontier in 1881, the town was included into the Syrmia County of Croatia-Slavonia, which was the autonomous kingdom within Austria-Hungary.

Petrovaradin fortress
1830.

In 1918, the town firstly became part of the

Yugoslav Royal Air Force was based in Petrovaradin. During World War II (1941–1944), the town was occupied by the Axis Powers and it was attached to the Independent State of Croatia. Since the end of the war in this part of Yugoslavia in 1944, the town was part of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, which from 1945 was part of the new socialist Serbia within socialist Yugoslavia
.

Settlements and neighborhoods

Map of the urban area of Novi Sad with city neighborhoods, showing the location of Petrovaradin in light red
City Municipality of Novi Sad

Neighborhoods and parts of Petrovaradin are:

Marija Snežna (Radna Zona Istok), and Petrovaradinska Ada
(Ribarska Ada).

Between 2002 and 2019, Petrovaradin had a status of separate municipality within the city of Novi Sad, but its administrative bodies were never established and the status was mostly formal. Apart from the town, the municipality covered the area on the right Danube bank: town of

Novi Ledinci and Bukovac, with some 34,000 residents in total. The municipality status was terminated by a City Assembly decision in 2019.[1][2]

Demographics

Stari Majur neighborhood

In 1961 Petrovaradin had 8,408 inhabitants; in 1971 10,477; in 1981 10,338; in 1991 11,285; and in 2002 13,973. By city's registry estimation, from mid-2005, Petrovaradin town had 15,266 inhabitants.[3]

Ethnic groups

Municipality

According to the 2011 census, the total population of the territory of present-day Petrovaradin municipality was 33,865, of whom 27,328 (80.69%) were ethnic Serbs. All settlements in the municipality have an ethnic Serb majority.

Town
Ethnic group 1991 % 2002 %
Serbs 5,643 50% 9,708 69.48%
Croats 2,236 19.81% 1,364 9.76%
Yugoslavs 1,893 16.78% 779 5.58%
Hungarians 431 3.82% 396 2.83%
Montenegrins
 250 2.22% 228 1.63%
Ruthenians 148 1.31% 141 1.01%
Other 653 5.79% 1,357 9.71%
Total 11,285 - 13,973 -

During the Ottoman administration, Petrovaradin was mostly populated by Muslims, while some Serbs lived there as well in the Christian quarter. According to Habsburg census from 1720, inhabitants of Petrovaradin mostly had German and Serbo-Croatian names and surnames.[4] During the subsequent period of the Habsburg administration and in the first part of the 20th century, the largest ethnic group in the Petrovaradin town were ethnic Croats. According to the 1910 census the town had 5,527 residents, of which 3,266 spoke Croatian (59.09%), 894 German (16.18%), 730 Serbian (13.21%), 521 Hungarian (9.43%) and 159 Slovak (2.88%).[5] Since 1971 census, largest ethnic group in Petrovaradin are Serbs. Today, there are a couple of neighborhoods with sizable number of Croats in Petrovaradin, like Stari Majur and Podgrađe Tvrđave.

Economy

The following table gives a preview of total number of employed people per their core activity (as of 2017):[6]

Activity Total
Agriculture, forestry and fishing 163
Mining 12
Processing industry 1,081
Distribution of power, gas and water 114
Distribution of water and water waste management 610
Construction 373
Wholesale and retail, repair 1,206
Traffic, storage and communication 333
Hotels and restaurants 198
Media and telecommunications 115
Finance and insurance 15
Property stock and charter 3
Professional, scientific, innovative and technical activities 280
Administrative and other services 86
Administration and social assurance 174
Education 384
Healthcare and social work 2,252
Art, leisure and recreation 181
Other services 117
Total 7,687

Politics

See also: Politics of Novi Sad

Between 1980 and 1989, Petrovaradin was a municipality within the city of Novi Sad. From 1989 to 2002, Novi Sad's municipalities were abolished and territory of the former Petrovaradin municipality was part of Novi Sad municipality, which included the whole territory of the present-day City of Novi Sad. The city municipalities of Novi Sad were formally re-established in 2002, with Petrovaradin as the second one, since it was a requirement to obtain a city status at the time. In 2007, after the update of the law of local government, the requirement for multiple municipalities for city status was lifted (and 20 additional

cities were proclaimed).[7] However, the renewed 2008 city statute also foresaw formation of two separate municipalities, but they have never been established, and the whole city was run solely by the city administration.[8] Petrovaradin only has a local community office. In March 2019, a new city statute was adopted, abolishing any separate municipalities.[9]

Gallery

  • Petrovaradin fortress during EXIT festival
    Petrovaradin fortress during EXIT festival
  • Petrovaradin Fortress at night
    Petrovaradin Fortress at night
  • Petrovaradin
    Petrovaradin
  • Petrovaradin railway station
    Petrovaradin railway station
  • Ribnjak
    Ribnjak
  • The Our Lady of Snow Ecumenic Church
    The Our Lady of Snow Ecumenic Church
  • Molinari park
    Molinari park
  • Serbian Orthodox Church of Saint Paul in Petrovaradin
    Serbian Orthodox Church of Saint Paul in Petrovaradin
  • Serbian Orthodox Church of Saint Petka in Petrovaradin
    Serbian Orthodox Church of Saint Petka in Petrovaradin
  • City museum in Petrovaradin
    City museum in Petrovaradin
  • Petrovaradin, Downtown part of the Citadel
    Petrovaradin, Downtown part of the Citadel
  • The birthplace of Ban Josip Jelačić
    The birthplace of Ban Josip Jelačić

Notable people

See also

Notes and references

Notes
  • Petrovaradin, Enciklopedija Novog Sada, knjiga 20, Novi Sad, 2002
  • Radenko Gajić, Petrovaradinska tvrđava - Gibraltar na Dunavu, Sremski Karlovci, 1993
  • mr Agneš Ozer, Petrovaradinska tvrđava - vodič kroz vreme i prostor, Novi Sad, 2002
  • mr Agneš Ozer, Petrovaradin Fortress - A Guide through time and space, Novi Sad, 2002
  • Veljko Milković, Petrovaradin kroz legendu i stvarnost, Novi Sad, 2001
  • Veljko Milković, Petrovaradin i Srem - misterija prošlosti, Novi Sad, 2003
  • Veljko Milković, Petrovaradinska tvrđava - podzemlje i nadzemlje, Novi Sad, 2005
  • Military Heritage did a feature about the Muslim Turks versus Christian Nobility 1716 battle and crusade at Peterwardein, and the success of Prince Eugene of Savoy (Ludwig Heinrich Dyck, Military Heritage, August 2005, Volume 7, No. 1, pp 48 to 53, and p. 78), ISSN 1524-8666.
  • Henderson, Nicholas. Prince Eugene of Savoy. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. 1964
  • Mckay, Derek. Prince Eugene of Savoy. London: Thames and Hudson. 1977
  • Nicolle, David and Hook, Christa. The Janissaries. Botley: Osprey Publishing. 2000
  • Setton, Kenneth M. Venice, Austria, and the Turks in the Seventeenth Century. Philadelphia: The American Philosophical Society. 1991
References
  1. ^
    ISBN 978-86-6161-109-4
    . Retrieved 2014-06-27.
  2. ^ "Skupština menja Statut grada, ukidaju se opštine Petrovaradin i Novi Sad" (in Serbian). 021.rs. 2019-03-25. Retrieved 2021-01-20.
  3. ^ City's police registry data[citation needed]
  4. ^ Ivan Jakšić, Iz popisa stanovništva Ugarske početkom XVIII veka, Novi Sad, 1966, pages 309-310.
  5. ^ Pétervárad. Révai nagy lexikona, vol. 15. p. 387. Hungarian Electronic Library. (in Hungarian).
  6. ^ ОПШТИНЕ И РЕГИОНИ У РЕПУБЛИЦИ СРБИЈИ, 2018. (PDF). stat.gov.rs (in Serbian). Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
  7. ^ Law on Territorial Organization and Local Self-Government Archived 2011-05-13 at the Wayback Machine, Parliament of Serbia (in Serbian)
  8. ^ "Petrovaradin - opština koje nema" (in Serbian). Radio Television of Vojvodina. 2009-04-27.
  9. ^ "Skupština Novog Sada izglasala novi Statut, ukinute opštine Petrovaradin i Novi Sad" [The Assembly of Novi Sad voted on the new Statute, the municipalities of Petrovaradin and Novi Sad were abolished]. Danas. 2019-03-25.
  10. ^ Bain, Robert Nisbet (1911). "Jellachich, Josef, Count" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). pp. 314–315.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Petrovaradin.
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Peterwardein".
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