Zingiberaceae

Ginger family Temporal range: Campanian - recent[1] PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Red torch ginger (Etlingera elatior)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Monocots
Clade:	Commelinids
Order:	Zingiberales
Family:	Zingiberaceae Martinov[2]
Type genus
Zingiber Boehm.

Zingiberaceae (

The earliest known fossils of the family belong to the Campanian age and are from the genera Spirematospermum in Germany,Tricostatocarpon and Striatornata in Mexico, and Momordiocarpon in India.^[5][6] Spirematospermum chandlerae from the Santonian of North Carolina was previously classified in the Zingiberaceae, but more recent studies support it belonging to the Musaceae.^[7][1]

Description

Members of the family are small to large herbaceous plants with distichous leaves with basal sheaths that overlap to form a pseudostem. The plants are either self-supporting or

Some genera yield essential oils used in the perfume industry (Alpinia, Hedychium).

Taxonomy

Phylogenetic tree of the family

Subdivisions

• Subfamily
  Siphonochiloideae
  • Tribe
    Siphonochileae
    • Siphonochilus
• Subfamily
  Tamijioideae
  • Tribe
    Tamijieae
    • Tamijia
• Subfamily Alpinioideae
  • Tribe Alpinieae
    • Adelmeria
    • Aframomum - grains of paradise
    • Alpinia - galangal
    • Amomum
    • Aulotandra
    • Cyphostigma
    • Elettaria - cardamom
    • Elettariopsis
    • Etlingera
    • Geocharis
    • Geostachys
    • Hornstedtia
    • Lanxangia
    • Leptosolena
    • Plagiostachys
    • Renealmia
    • Siliquamomum
    • Vanoverberghia
    • ×Alpingera F. Luc-Cayol (Alpinia × Etlingera) - intergeneric hybrid
  • Tribe Riedelieae
    • Burbidgea
    • Pleuranthodium
    • Riedelia
    • Siamanthus
• Subfamily Zingiberoideae
  • Tribe Zingibereae
    • Boesenbergia
    • Camptandra
    • Caulokaempferia
    • Cautleya
    • Cornukaempferia
    • Curcuma - turmeric
    • Curcumorpha
    • Distichochlamys
    • Haniffia
    • Haplochorema
    • Hedychium
    • Hitchenia
    • Kaempferia
    • Kedhalia
    • Laosanthus
    • Myxochlamys
    • Nanochilus
    • Newmania
    • Parakaempferia
    • Pommereschea
    • Pyrgophyllum
    • Rhynchanthus
    • Roscoea
    • Scaphochlamys
    • Smithatris
    • Stadiochilus
    • Stahlianthus
    • Zingiber - ginger
  • Tribe Globbeae
    • Gagnepainia
    • Globba
    • Hemiorchis

Distribution

The Zingiberaceae have a pantropical distribution in the tropics of Africa, Asia, and the Americas, with their greatest diversity in South Asia.

References

Bibliography

• Sass, Chodon; Iles, William J.D.; Barrett, Craig F.; Smith, Selena Y.; Specht, Chelsea D. (21 January 2016). "Revisiting the Zingiberales: using multiplexed exon capture to resolve ancient and recent phylogenetic splits in a charismatic plant lineage". PeerJ. 4: e1584.
  PMID 26819846
  .

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Zingiberaceae.

Wikispecies has information related to Zingiberaceae.

• List of Indian medicinal plants from Biodiversity of India
• Abstracts from the Symposia on the Family Zingiberaceae
• A New Classification of the Zingiberaceae from the Third Symposium on Zingiberaceae
• Zomlefer, W.B. Flowering Plant Families. The University of North Carolina Press. 1994.