Zurobara
Location | Romania |
---|---|
History | |
Cultures | Biephi |
Zurobara (
This town was attested by
Location
For a long time, it was assumed that Zurobara (also found under the corrupted and inaccurate form Zambara)[3] was located on the site of the Timișoara Fortress, but this was refuted by modern historians.[4][5] This hypothesis has its origin in a manuscript by the Venetian Domenico Mario Negri, edited and published in Basel by Wolfgang Wissenburg in 1557.[4] In 1829, Friedrich Heinrich Theodor Bischoff and Johann Heinrich Möller erroneously identified Zurobara with Sombor from today's Vojvodina.[6] More recent calculations overlap Zurobara with the Dacian fortress of Unip, discovered in 2007 25 km from Timișoara.[4][7]
Etymology
The name Zurobara (a possible alternate spelling for Zuropara)[8] was interpreted initially as "strong city": the ending bara/vara means "city" (the same as Thracian para) and the first part Zuro means "strong". Zuro is also found in the name of Zyraxes, a Dacian king.[9][10]
In a second line of interpretation, because of
Ancient sources
Ptolemy's Geographia
Zurobara is mentioned in Ptolemy's
Tabula Peutingeriana
Unlike many other Dacian towns mentioned by Ptolemy, Zurobara is missing from Tabula Peutingeriana (1st–4th centuries AD), an itinerarium showing the cursus publicus, the road network in the Roman Empire.[16]
The Danish philologist and historian Gudmund Schütte believed that the town with similar name Ziridava, also mentioned by Ptolemy and also missing from Tabula Peutingeriana, was the same with Zurobara.[17] This idea is deemed erroneous alongside many other assumed duplications of names by the Romanian historian and archeologist Vasile Pârvan in his work Getica.[11]: 252 Pârvan reviewed all localities mentioned in Ptolemy's Geographia, analyzing and verifying all data available to him at the time. He points out that Ziri and Zuro (meaning "water") are the roots of two different Geto-Dacian words.[11]: 253 Additionally, Ptolemy provided different coordinates for the two towns;[14][15] some medieval maps created based on his Geographia depict two distinct towns.
See also
References
- ^ Smith, William, ed. (1873). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. Vol. 2. London: John Murray. p. 1339.
- ISBN 978-615-81353-6-8.
- ^ Forțiu, Sorin. "Zambara (Zanbara), clarificări încă necesare?!" (PDF). Banat.ro.
- ^ a b c Forțiu, Sorin. "Este Timișoara antica Zurobara? NU! Și totuși, unde este Zurobara?" (PDF). Banat.ro.
- ^ "Dacii din Câmpia Bănățeană". Timișoara. 2014. p. 6.
- ^ Bischoff, Friedrich Heinrich Theodor; Möller, Johann Heinrich (1829). Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der alten, mittleren und neuen Geographie. Gotha: Becker.
- ^ Ghidovăț, Georgeta (31 July 2015). "Bănățenii au descoperit Zurobara". evz.ro.
- ^ Iorga, Nicolae (1940). Histoire des Roumains et de la Romanité orientale. Bucharest: Académie Roumaine. pp. 43–45.
- ^ Tomaschek, Wilhelm (1883). "Les restes de la langue dace". Le Muséon. 2. Louvain: Société des lettres et des sciences.
- ISSN 0035-2160.
- ^ a b c Pârvan, Vasile (1926). Getica. Bucharest: Cultura Națională.
- ^ "Zurobara, descoperită la 20 km de Timișoara. În scrierile sale, geograful Ptolemeu a localizat această localitatea antică în Banat". Digi 24. 30 July 2015.
- ^ Berinde, Aurel; Lugojan, Simion (1984). Contribuții la cunoașterea limbii dacilor. Facla. pp. 80–81.
- ^ a b Nobbe, Karl Friedrich August, ed. (1843). Claudii Ptolemaei Geographia. Vol. I. Leipzig: Tauchnitz.
- ^ a b Olteanu, Sorin. "Ptolemeu: Dacia". Linguae Thraco-Daco-Moesorum. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011.
- ^ "Segmentum VIII". Tabula Peutingeriana.
- ^ Schütte, Gudmund (1917). Ptolemy's maps of Northern Europe: a reconstruction of the prototypes. Copenhagen: H. Hagerup. pp. 91–93.
External links
- Media related to Dacia and Dacians at Wikimedia Commons