0s BC
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The 0s BC were the period between 9 BC and 1 BC, the last nine years of the
before Christ era. It is one of two "0-to-9" decade-like timespans that contain nine years, along with the 0s
.
This is a list of events occurring in the 0s BC ordered by year.
Events
9 BC
- January 30 – The Ara Pacis ("Altar of Augustan Peace"), voted for by the Senate four years earlier, is dedicated.[1]
- Pannonia is incorporated into the Roman Empire as part of Illyria.[2]
- Nero Claudius Drusus, Emperor Augustus' stepson, begins a campaign against the Marcomanni, but dies soon after, due to a fall from his horse.[3]
- Ab Urbe Condita Libri, 142 books covering the history of Rome since its foundation down to 9 BC (approximate date).[4]
- Accession of
8 BC
- King Maroboduus becomes ruler of the Marcomanni[6] and fights against the Roman Empire's expansion in Bohemia.[7]
- Arminius, son of a Cheruscan chieftain, is taken as a hostage to Rome, where he receives a military education.[8][9]
- After 20 years, Emperor Augustus initiates his second census of the Roman Empire.[10]
- Sextilis, the eighth month of the early Julian calendar, is renamed Augustus (August) by a decree of the Roman Senate in honor of Augustus.[11]
7 BC
- Han China.[12]
- Rome is divided in 14 administrative regions.[15]
6 BC
- Tiberius retires to Rhodes, to the annoyance of Emperor Augustus.[16] He is recalled to Rome years later, in AD 4, becoming Augustus' adopted son and heir following the deaths of Lucius and Gaius Caesar.
5 BC
- March – Probable nova in the constellation Aquila.[17]
- c. December – Probable supernova in the constellation Capricornus.[17]
4 BC
- March 13 – Lunar eclipse
- June 26 – Augustus adopts Agrippa Postumus and Tiberius, who in turn adopts Germanicus.[18]
- Upon the death of Syria, Publius Quinctilius Varus, marches down to Jerusalem from Antioch to restore order; around 3000 jews are crucified.[19]
- Namhae becomes king of the Korean kingdom of Silla.[20]
3 BC
- In
- Construction of the Pont Julien in modern southern France.[22]
2 BC
Roman Empire
- pater patriae ("father of the country") by the Roman Senate. This bestowed title is the logical consequence and final proof of Augustus' supreme position as princeps, the first in charge over the Roman state.[23]
- The Aqua Alsietina (or Aqua Augusta), a Roman aqueduct in Rome, is constructed during the reign of Augustus (approximate date).[26]
- Date of the birth of Jesus according to the writings of Tertullian, Eusebius and Epiphanius[27] (probably after the statement of Jesus being "around 30 years old" in AD 29).[28]
- Dedication of the Forum Augustum.[29]
Parthia
- Phraates IV.
Armenia
- Artavasdes III.
1 BC
By place
Han dynasty
Roman Empire
- Gaius Caesar marries Livilla, daughter of Antonia Minor and Nero Claudius Drusus, in an effort to gain prestige.[33]
- The Roman theatre in Cartagena, built by Gaius and Lucius Caesar, finishes construction.[34]
- Aulus Caecina Severus was appointed consul by Emperor Augustus succeeding Cossus Cornelius Lentulus Gaetulicus and Lucius Calpurnius Piso.[35]
Kingdom of Kush
- The approximate date of King of Kush.[36]
Satavahana dynasty
- Kunatala Satakarni is succeeded by Satakarni III.[37]
By topic
Religion
- Estimated birth of Jesus, in the Christian religion, as assigned by Dionysius Exiguus in his Anno Domini era; according to most scholars, Dionysius used the word "incarnation", but it is not known whether he meant conception or birth. However, at least one scholar thinks Dionysius placed the incarnation of Jesus in the next year, AD 1.[38][39] Most modern scholars do not consider Dionysius' calculations authoritative, and place the event several years earlier.[40]
Significant people
- Tigranes IV, King of Armenia, r. 12–1 BC
- Erato, Queen of Armenia, 8–5 BC, 2 BC – AD 2, AD 6–11
- Artavasdes III, King of Armenia, r. 5–2 BC
- )
- Ariobarzan of Atropatene, Client King of Armenia, r. 1 BC – AD 2
- Chend Di, Emperor of Han dynasty China, r. 32–7 BC
- Ai Di, Emperor of Han dynasty China, r. 7–1 BC
- Ping Di, Emperor of Han dynastyChina, r. 1 BC – AD 5
- Wang Mang, Chinese statesman and future emperor of China
- Dong Xian, Han dynasty Chinese official under Emperor Ai of Han
- Antiochus III, King of Commagene, r. 12 BC – AD 17
- Arminius, Germanic war chief (18/17 BC – AD 21)
- Caucasian Iberia, r. 20 BC – AD 1
- Strato II and Strato III, co-kings of the Indo-Greek Kingdom, r. 25 BC – AD 10
- Lugaid Riab nDerg, legendary High King of Ireland, r. 33–9 BC
- Conchobar Abradruad, legendary High King of Ireland, r. 9–8 BC
- Crimthann Nia Náir, legendary High King of Ireland, r. (8 BC – AD 9)
- Suinin, legendary Emperor of Japan, r. 29 BC – AD 70
- King of Kush, r. 10–1 BC
- Ma'nu III, King of Osroene, r. 23–4 BC
- Abgar V, King of Osroene, r. 4 BC-AD 7, AD 13–50
- Parthian Empire, r. 38–2 BC
- Parthian Empire, r. 2 BC – AD 4
- Musa of Parthia, mother and co-ruler with Phraates V, r. 2 BC – AD 4
- )
- Roman Consul, in office 9 BC
- Gaius Caesar, Roman general
- Livy, Roman historian
- Ovid, Roman poet
- Quirinius, Roman nobleman and politician
- Tiberius, Roman general, statesman, and future emperor.
- Judea
- Hillel the Elder, Jewish scholar and Nasi of the Sanhedrin, in office c. 31 BC – AD 9
- Shammai, Jewish scholar and Av Beit Din of the Sanhedrin, in office 20 BC – AD 20
- Hyeokgeose, King of Silla, r. 57 BC – AD 4
Births
9 BC
- Claudius Livius Fresius (d. AD 57)
- Ping, Chinese emperor of the Han dynasty (d. AD 6)
- Quintus Asconius Pedianus, Roman historian (d. AD 76)
8 BC
- Wang, Chinese empress of the Han dynasty (d. AD 23)
7 BC
- Possible birthdate of conjunction of the royal star Jupiter and Saturn in the sign of Pisces (land in the west) in May until December of that year since 854 years, with a retrogradation and stationing in November 12, 7 BC.
6 BC
- Unknown –
- Chilon of Sparta
5 BC
- January 15 – Guang Wu, Chinese emperor of the Han Dynasty (d. AD 57)
- Aemilia Lepida, Roman noblewoman and fiancee of Claudius (d. AD 43)
- )
- The claimant, or that his birthday might have been related to Passover. Others theologically tie his birth to Sukkot, the fall Feast of Tabernacles.
- John the Baptist (d. c. AD 30)
- Biblically between 23 September – Jesus(Sukkot - The Feast of Tabernacles)
- as of a Church decision in 336AD
4 BC
- Approximate date – Seneca the Younger, Córdoban-born Roman Stoic philosopher, statesman and dramatist (d. AD 65)
3 BC
- December 24 – Servius Sulpicius Galba, Roman emperor in AD 69.[45]
2 BC
- Jesus, basis of Christianity (born in the month of Ethanim (Tishrei) (September–October) (approximate date, according to Eusebius of Caesarea and Jehovah's Witnesses)
- Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus, father of Nero[46]
Deaths
9 BC
- Nero Claudius Drusus, son of Livia and stepson of Augustus (b. 38 BC)
8 BC
- November 27 – Horace, Roman lyric poet and writer (b. 65 BC)[47]
- Gaius Maecenas, Roman politician and advisor (b. 70 BC)
- Polemon I, Roman client king of the Bosporan Kingdom
- Xu, Chinese empress of the Han dynasty
7 BC
- April 17 – Cheng, Chinese emperor of the Han Dynasty (b. 51 BC)
- Aristobulus IV, Jewish prince of Judea (b. 31 BC)
- Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Greek historian (approximate date)[48]
- Geumwa of Dongbuyeo, Korean king
- Zhao Hede, Chinese consort of the Han Dynasty
6 BC
- Lady Ban (or Ban Jieyu), Chinese concubine and poet (b. 48 BC)
- Cleopatra Selene II, Ptolemaic princess of Egypt (approximate date)
- Feng Yuan (or Zhaoyi), Chinese concubine of the Han Dynasty
- )
- Soseono, Korean queen of Goguryeo (b. 67 BC)
5 BC
- Acme (enslaved woman), Jewish slave and personal maid in the service of the Empress Livia Drusilla, wife of Augustus
- Curia, Roman noblewoman and wife of Quintus Lucretius Vespillo
4 BC
- March or April – Herod the Great, king of Judea (b. 73 BC);[49] some authors date his death to 1 BC (see Date of Herod's death).
- Antipater, Jewish heir and son of Herod the Great
- Malthace, Jewish woman and wife of Herod the Great
- Marcus Porcius Latro, Roman rhetorician
- Marcus Tullius Tiro, Roman writer, freedman of Cicero
3 BC
- Fu, Chinese grand empress of the Han Dynasty (approximate date)
2 BC
- Fu, Chinese Grand Empress of the Han dynasty
- Iullus Antonius, Roman consul and son of Mark Antony (b. 43 BC)
- Phraates IV, king of the Parthian Empire
1 BC
- August 15 – Ai of Han, Chinese emperor of the Han dynasty (b. 27 BC)[50][51]
- Dong Xian, Chinese politician and commander-in-chief (b. 23 BC)[32]
- Xiaoai, Chinese empress and wife of Ai of Han[52]
References
- ISBN 978-0-8078-2343-9.
- ^ Pannonia — United Nations of Roma Victrix
- ISBN 978-0-300-05831-4.
- ^
Smith, William, ed. (1870). "Livius". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. Vol. II. p. 790.
- ISBN 978-90-04-30148-1.
- Marcus Velleius Paterculus, Compendium of Roman History 2, 108
- ^ "Maroboduus". britannica.com. Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. 20 March 2016. Retrieved 21 June 2020.
Maroboduus, (died AD 37, Ravenna, Italy), king of the Marcomanni who organized the first confederation of German tribes.
- ^ "Arminius". Encyclopædia Britannica Ultimate Reference Suite. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica. 2014.
- ISBN 978-1-4447-6965-4.
- ^ "LacusCurtius • Res Gestae Divi Augusti (II)". penelope.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
- ^ Preserved by Macrobius, Saturnalia 1.12.35; entry on calendarium, in William Smith, A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (John Murray, London, 1875), at LacusCurtius.
- ISBN 978-90-04-30053-8.
- ^ "LacusCurtius • Res Gestae Divi Augusti (II)". penelope.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
- , retrieved 2024-02-16
- ^ "The Fourteen Regions of Augustus (Platner & Ashby, 1929)". LacusCurtius. Retrieved 2024-02-16.
- ISBN 978-0-19-960174-5.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-85168-900-2.
- ISBN 978-0-521-26430-3.
- ISBN 978-0-567-08083-7.
- ^ "List of Rulers of Korea". www.metmuseum.org. Retrieved 21 April 2019.
- ISBN 978-0-8028-4805-5.
- ^ Julien Bridge. Avignon & Provence
- ^ Swan, Peter M. (2004). The Augustan Succession. Oxford University Press. pp. 103–104.
- ^ Velleius Paterculus, 2.100
- ^ Cassius Dio 55.10
- ^ "Roman aqueducts: Rome Aqua Alsietina (Italy)". www.romanaqueducts.info. Retrieved 2023-09-22.
- ISBN 978-0-86554-582-3.
- ISBN 978-1-61970-641-5.
- ISBN 0-8018-3574-7.
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- JSTOR 2058567.
- ^ a b Hinsch, Bret. (1990) Passions of the Cut Sleeve. University of California Press.
- ^ "Cassius Dio - Book 55". penelope.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 2021-05-25.
- ^ "Cartagena Roman Theatre Museum". murciatoday.com. Retrieved 2021-05-26.
- OCLC 30318791.
- ISBN 978-0-19-284261-9.
- ISBN 9788192510750.
- ^ Georges Declercq, Anno Domini: The origins of the Christian Era (Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2000), pp.143–147.
- ^ G. Declercq, "Dionysius Exiguus and the introduction of the Christian Era", Sacris Erudiri 41 (2002) 165–246, pp.242–246. Annotated version of a portion of Anno Domini.
- ^ James D. G. Dunn, Jesus Remembered, Eerdmans Publishing (2003), page 324.
- ^ "Number of Christians in the world". Adherents.com. Archived from the original on 2009-08-02. Retrieved 2009-09-10.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ISBN 9780880104074.
- ^ Spears, Tom (2005-12-04). "Star of Wonder". Ottawa Citizen. p. A7. "Michael Molnar announced 10 years ago his conclusion that the Star of Bethlehem was in fact a double eclipse of Jupiter in a rare astrological conjunction that occurred in Aries on March 20, 6 BC, and again on April 17, 6 BC. ... Mr. Molnar believes that Roman astrologers would have interpreted the double-eclipse as signifying the birth of a divine king in Judea." However, astronomical software such as Stellarium shows that on March 20, the occultation of Jupiter by the Moon could not be seen from Rome, as the Moon passed by the planet without obscuring it. Furthermore, the event on April 17 began when Jupiter was 38 degrees above the horizon, at 2pm, i.e. in daylight, so it is extremely unlikely that this event would have been seen either.
- ^ "Breaking News! Jesus was indeed born in December! Christmas is correctly dated!". The Baltimore Times. December 2, 2021. Retrieved April 11, 2023.
- ^ "Galba | Roman Emperor, Death of Nero, Murder | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 2023-08-03. Retrieved 2023-09-22.
- ^ Smith, William (1867), "Ahenobarbus (10), Gnaeus Ahenobarbus", in Smith, William (ed.), Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, vol. 1, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, p. 86.
- ^ Grant, Michael. "Horace". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved February 22, 2024.
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- ^ "Herod | Biography & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 7 April 2019.
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