1936 in poetry

Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).

Events

• January – Canadian Poetry Magazine first published by the Canadian Authors Association, with E. J. Pratt's active involvement. It becomes associated with more traditional poetry, very popular in Canada at this time.^[2]
• May
  • In
    German Gottfried Benn
    as degenerate, Jewish and homosexual.
  • right-wing dictatorship of Ioannis Metaxas comes to power in Greece and copies are burned publicly at the foot of the Acropolis in Athens.^[3]
• August 18 – 38-year-old Spanish dramatist and poet Federico García Lorca is among those arrested by Francoist militia during the White Terror at the beginning of the Spanish Civil War and is never seen again.
• James Laughlin founds New Directions Publishing in New York, which publishes many modern poets for the first time.
• A version of J. R. R. Tolkien's influential lecture "Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics" is published in Proceedings of the British Academy.
• W. B. Yeats begins delivering broadcast lectures on the BBC (the lectures continue into 1937), and makes recordings of his own verse.^[4]

Works published in English

Canada

• W. E. Collin, The White Savannahs, the first collection of criticism of contemporary poetry in Canada from a modernist perspective; written by a professor of French at the University of Western Ontario^[5]
• Kenneth Leslie, Such a Din! Poems. Halifax: McCurdy.^[6]
• New Provinces, first anthology of modernist poetry in Canada, including work by F. R. Scott, E. J. Pratt, Robert Finch, A. J. M. Smith, Leo Kennedy, A. M. Klein.^[7]
• Marjorie Pickthall, The Complete Poems of Marjorie Pickthall, 2nd edition. (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart). Posthumously published^[8]
• Charles G. D. Roberts, Selected Poems of Sir Charles G.D. Roberts. (Toronto: Ryerson).
• Frederick George Scott, Poems^[8]

India, in English

• Pondicherry: Bharatha Shakthy Nilayam^[9]
• Calcutta: Futurist Publishing House^[10]
• Bombay: New Book Co.^[11]
• M. S. Nirmal, Song of Immortality (Poetry in English), Lahore: Model Electric Press^[12]
• Brajendranath Seal, The Quest Eternal (Poetry in English) ^[13]
• Subho Tagore, Peacock Plumes (Poetry/in English ),^[11]

New Zealand

• Ursula Bethell, Time and Place: poems by the author of 'From a garden in the Antipodes, Christchurch: Caxton Press^[14]
• Robin Hyde:
  • Passport to Hell
  • Check To Your King

United Kingdom

• W. H. Auden, Look, Stranger!^[15]
• Julian Bell, Work for the Winter
• Edmund Blunden, Verses: To H.R.H. The Duke of Windsor
• Roy Campbell, Mithraic Emblems^[15]
• Cecil Day-Lewis, Noah and the Waters^[15]
• T. S. Eliot, Collected Poems 1909–35,^[15] including "Burnt Norton", first of the Four Quartets
• John Gawsworth edits anonymously Edwardian Poetry, Book One (anthology)
• A. E. Housman, More Poems^[15]
• James Joyce, Collected Poems^[15]
• Patrick Kavanagh, Ploughman, and Other Poems^[15]
• Shelley and praises Donne, Pope, Gerard Manley Hopkins, T. S. Eliot
  , and others (criticism)
• Louis MacNeice, translation from the original Ancient Greek, The Agamemnon of Aeschylus^[15]
• Robert Nichols, A Spanish Triptych^[15]
• Ruth Pitter, A Trophy of Arms, preface by James Stephens^[15]
• Michael Roberts edits The Faber Book of Modern Verse, which praises poets such as W. H. Auden and T. S. Eliot and ignores poets like Robert Frost and Thomas Hardy (anthology)
• Sacheverell Sitwell, Collected Poems, introductory essay by Edith Sitwell^[15]
• William Soutar, A Handful of Earth^[15]
• Dylan Thomas, Twenty-five Poems,^[15] including "And death shall have no dominion"
• Edward Thomas (killed in action 1917), Collected Poems, Faber and Faber^[16]
• The Oxford Book of Modern Verse 1892-1935
  (anthology)

United States

• Conrad Aiken, Time in the Rock^[17]
• W. H. Auden, Look, Stranger! (Anglo-American)
• Stephen Vincent Benét, Burning City^[17]
• Lilian Bowes Lyon, Bright Feather Fading
• E. E. Cummings, 1/20^[17]
• Emily Dickinson, Unpublished Poems^[17]
• Paul Engle, Break the Heart's Anger^[17]
• John Gould Fletcher, The Epic of Arkansas^[17]
• Robert Frost, A Further Range^[17]
• Robinson Jeffers, The Beaks of Eagles^[17]
• Archibald MacLeish, Public Speech^[17]
• Edgar Lee Masters, Poems of People^[17]
• Marianne Moore, The Pangolin and Other Verse^[17]
• Ogden Nash, The Bad Parents' Garden of Verse^[17]
• New Directions publishes its first book and its first "annual", New Directions in Prose and Poetry with contributions from Wallace Stevens, Ezra Pound, Elizabeth Bishop, Marianne Moore, William Carlos Williams
  and others
• Dorothy Parker, Not So Deep as a Well: Collected Poems^[17]
• Kenneth Patchen, Before the Grave^[17]
• Frederic Prokosch, The Assassins^[17]
• Lizette Woodworth Reese, The Old House in the Country^[17]
• Charles Reznikoff, Separate Way, including "The Socialists of Vienna" (Objectivist Press)
• Carl Sandburg, The People, Yes, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich^[16]
• Winfield Townley Scott, Elegy for Robinson^[17]
• Wallace Stevens:
  • Ideas of Order, includes "Farewell to Florida," "The Idea of Order at Key West," "Academic Discourse at Havana," "Like Decorations in a Nigger Cemetery," and "A Postcard from the Volcano"), Knopf, enlarged from the 1935 edition^[18]
  • Owl's Clover, Alcestis Press (contents later incorporated into Opus Posthumous 1952)^[18]
• John Hall Wheelock, Poems, 1911–1936^[17]
• William Carlos Williams, Adam & Eve & The City^[17]

Other in English

• Australia^[19]

France

• Paul Éluard, pen name of Paul-Eugène Grindel, Les Yeux fertiles^[20]
• Francis Jammes, Sources, Paris: Le Divan^[21]
• Pierre Jean Jouve, Hélène^[20]
• Henri Michaux, Voyage en Grand Garabagne^[20]
• Benjamin Péret, Je sublime^[20]
• Saint-John Perse, Poème pour Valery Larbaud, Liège: A la Lampe d'Aladdin; France^[22]

Indian subcontinent

Including all of the British colonies that later became India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Nepal. Listed alphabetically by first name, regardless of surname:

Bengali

• Mohitlal Majumdar, Smara-garal, Bengali^[13]
• Rabindranath Tagore, in these two works as well as in some others of the mid- and early 1930s, the author introduced a new rhythm in poetry that "had a tremendous impact on the modern poets", according to Indian academic Sisir Kumar Das:^[13]
  • Patrput^[13]
  • Syamali^[13]

Urdu

• Maulana Mohammad Ali Jauhar, "Kulam-i Jauhar", an Urdu poem edited and with an introduction by Abudul Majid Daryabadi^[13]
• Sir
  Persian this year)^[13]
• P. T. Narasimhachar (also known as "Pu.Ti.Na."), Mandaliru, 23 lyrics in Sanskritized Urdu^[13]

Translation, commentary and critical appreciation of Pas Cheh Bayad Kard and Masnavi Musafir in Urdu by Dr Elahi Bakhsh Akhtar Awan, publishers University Book Agency Peshawar Pakistan, 1960.

Other Indian languages

• Edappalli Raghavan Pillai (1909–1936)^[23]
• Sanskrit^[13]
• Idappalli Raghavan Pillai, Maninadam, Malayalam^[13]
• Nepali by an eminent Sanskrit scholar and translator^[13]
• Hindi^[13]
• Kashmiri^[13]
• Punjabi romantic lyrics^[13]
• Sir
  Persian (Iqbal also published a book in Urdu
  this year; see above)
• Hindi poems reflecting the author's transition from the Chayavad (Indian romanticism) tradition to Pragtivad^[13]
• Hindi^[13]

• Rafael Méndez Dorich, Dibujos animados (Lima)^[24]
• Enrique Peña Barrenechea, Elegía a Bécquer y retorno a la sombra^[25]
• César Vallejo, Nómina de huesos ("Payroll of Bones")^[26]
• José Varallanos, Primer cancionero cholo^[25]

Spain

• Federico García Lorca (killed this year; see deaths, below):
  • Diván del Tamarit (Spanish for "The Diván of Tamarit") written this year, will be published in 1941);
  • Sonetos del amor oscuro ("Sonnets of Dark Love") published this year
  • Primeras canciones ("First Songs") published this year
• Jorge Guillén, Cántico, second, enlarged edition, with 125 poems in seven sections (first edition, with 75 poems, 1928)^[27]
• Miguel Hernández, El rayo que no cesa
• Pedro Salinas, Razón d'amor ("Reason for Love")^[27]
• Luis Felipe Vivanco, Cantos de primavera ("Songs of Springtime")^[27]

Other languages

• Gottfried Benn, Ausgewählte Gedichte ("Selected Poems"); when first published in May, the book contains two poems that are deleted for the next edition in November : "Mann und Frau gehen durch die Krebsbaracke" and "D-Zug". The vast majority of the first editions are collected and destroyed.
• Denmark^[28]
• Netherlands
• Millosh Gjergj Nikolla ('Migjeni'), Vargjet e lira ("Free Verses"), suppressed by government censors; enlarged edition with two poems deleted published in 1944, Albania
• Cesare Pavese, Lavorare stanca ("Hard Work"), shortened by four poems deleted by Fascist censors; enlarged edition nearly double in size published in 1942; Florence: Solaria, Italy^[29]
• August Sang, Üks noormees otsib õnne, Estonia

Awards and honors

• Robert P. Tristram Coffin
  : Strange Holiness

Births

Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:

• February 19 – Frederick Seidel, American poet
• March 19 –
  Russian
  poet
• March 24 – John Robert Colombo, Canadian poet, editor and humorist
• March 25 – Neelamperoor Madhusoodanan Nair (died 2021), Indian Malayalam language poet
• March 31 – Marge Piercy, American poet, novelist and social activist
• April 6 –
  John Pepper Clark (died 2020
  ), Nigerian poet and playwright originally publishing under the name "J. P. Clark"
• April 17 – Brendan Kennelly, Irish poet and novelist
• April 29 –
  Argentinian
  poet
• May 28 – Fred Chappell, American poet, author and academic
• June 24 – J. H. Prynne, English poet, writer, academic, key figure in the British Poetry Revival and a major contributor to The English Intelligencer
• June 26 – Elisabeth Harvor, Canadian novelist and poet
• June 27 – Lucille Clifton (died 2010), African-American poet and feminist
• July 9 – June Jordan (died 2002), African-American political activist, writer, poet and teacher
• July 11 – Al Mahmud (died 2019), Bengali poet
• August 24 –
  2023), English
  novelist and poet
• September 11 – Sandra Hochman, American poet
• November 4 – C. K. Williams (died 2015), American poet
• November 17 – Tarapada Roy (died 2007), Bengali poet, essayist and short-story writer known for his satirical sense of humour
• November 23 – Mats Traat (died 2022), Estonian poet and writer
• November 25 –
  Scottish
  novelist, short story writer and poet
• November 27 – Dahlia Ravikovitch (died 2005), Israeli poet
• December 1
  • George Bowering, Canadian novelist, poet, historian and biographer
  • Saqi Farooqi (died 2018), Indian-born Pakistani Urdu poet
• December 4 – Ken Smith (died 2003), English poet, academic and an editor of the quarterly Stand from in 1963 to 1972
• December 17 –
  Curaçaoan
  novelist and poet
• December 26 –
  Scottish Gaelic
  comedian, novelist, poet, musician and broadcaster
• December 27 – Sandra Gilbert, American poet, critic and academic
• Also:
  • Scottish
    poet and playwright
  • Palestinian Arabic
    poet
  • Clarence Major, American poet, novelist and painter
  • Christopher Wiseman, English-born Canadian poet
  • FIELD magazine

Deaths

Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:

• January – Jamil Sidqi al-Zahawi, 73, Arab poet, philosopher and champion of women's rights
• January 18 –
  Nobel prize for literature in 1907
• March 1 –
  Russian
  poet, novelist and composer
• March 3 – Govinda Krishna Chettur, 37 (born 1898), Indian poet writing in English
• March 6 –
  Peruvian
  -born poet, author of 5 Meters of Poems (1927)
• April 30 – A. E. Housman, 77 (born 1859), English poet, writer and classical scholar, best known for his cycle of poems A Shropshire Lad
• June 11 – Robert E. Howard, 30 (born 1906), American pulp fiction writer and poet, suicide
• June 14 – G. K. Chesterton, 62 (born 1874), English writer, journalist, poet, biographer and Catholic apologist
• July 4 – Edappally Raghavan Pillai, 27 (born 1909), Indian, Malayalam-language poet,^[23] suicide
• August 19 – Federico García Lorca, 38 (born 1898), Spanish dramatist, poet, painter, pianist, composer and emblematic member of the Generation of '27, killed by Nationalist partisans at the beginning of the Spanish Civil War (see "Works published" above)
• September 26 – Harriet Monroe, 75 (born 1860), American editor, scholar, literary critic and patron of the arts best known as founder and longtime editor of Poetry magazine, of a cerebral haemorrhage
• October 5 – J. Slauerhoff, 38 (born 1898), Dutch poet and novelist, of aggravated tuberculosis
• December 28 –
  Communist poet, in the Spanish Civil War
• December 31 – Miguel de Unamuno, 72 (born 1864), Spanish essayist, novelist, poet, playwright, and philosopher
• Also:
  • Kattakkayathil Cherian Mappila (born 1859), Indian, Malayalam-language poet^[23]

See also

• Poetry
• List of poetry awards
• List of years in poetry

Notes