Gottfried Benn

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Gottfried Benn
Gottfried Benn in 1934
Born2 May 1886
Mansfeld, German Empire
Died7 July 1956 (aged 70)
West Berlin, West Germany

Gottfried Benn (2 May 1886 – 7 July 1956) was a German poet, essayist, and physician. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature five times.[1] He was awarded the Georg Büchner Prize in 1951.[2]

Biography and work

Family and beginnings

Gottfried Benn was born in a

Kaiser Wilhelm Academy in Berlin.[4] After being laid off as a military doctor in 1912, Benn turned to pathology
, where he dissected over 200 bodies between October 1912 and November 1913 in Berlin. Many of his literary works reflect on his time as a pathologist.

In the summer of 1912, Benn started a romantic relationship with the Jewish poet Else Lasker-Schüler.

Gottfried Benn began his literary career as a poet when he published a booklet titled Morgue and other Poems in 1912, containing expressionist poems dealing with physical decay of flesh, with blood, cancer, and death — for example No III — Cycle:

Der einsame Backzahn einer Dirne, / die unbekannt verstorben war, / trug eine Goldplombe. / Die übrigen waren wie auf stille Verabredung / ausgegangen. / Den schlug der Leichendiener sich heraus, / versetzte ihn und ging für tanzen. / Denn, sagte er, / nur Erde solle zur Erde werden.

— Gottfried Benn[5]

The solitary molar of a hooker, / who had died a missing person, / held a gold filling. / As if by silent agreement, the rest / had fallen out. / The mortician knocked out the filling, / pawned it and went dancing. / Because, he said, / only earth should return to earth.

— Natias Neutert with David Paisey[6][7]
Library in Berlin named after Gottfried Benn

Poems like this "were received by critics and public with shock, dismay, even revulsion."[8] In 1913 a second volume of poems came out, titled Sons. New Poems.[9]

Benn's poetry projects an introverted

existentialist outlook that views artistic expression as the only purposeful action. In his early poems Benn used his medical experience, often using medical terminology, to portray humanity morbidly as just another species of disease-ridden animal.[10]

World War I and Weimar Republic

After the outbreak of

venereal disease specialist.[11]

During the 1920s, he continued having a close relationship with Jewish poet Else Lasker-Schüler who addressed love poems to him. This bond to her is the subject of the film Mein Herz-niemandem (1997) by Helma Sanders-Brahms.

During the Third Reich

Hostile to the

Nazis as a revolutionary force. He hoped that National Socialism would exalt his aesthetics and that expressionism would become the official art of Germany, as Futurism had in Italy. Benn was elected to the poetry section of the Prussian Academy in 1932 and appointed head of that section in February 1933. In May, he defended the new regime in a radio broadcast, saying "the German workers are better off than ever before."[12] He later signed the Gelöbnis treuester Gefolgschaft, that is, the "vow of most faithful allegiance" to Adolf Hitler.[12]

The cultural policy of the new State didn't turn out the way he hoped, and in June

SS magazine Das Schwarze Korps attacked his expressionist and experimental poetry as degenerate, Jewish, and homosexual. In the summer of 1937, Wolfgang Willrich, a member of the SS, lampooned Benn in his book Säuberung des Kunsttempels; Heinrich Himmler, however, stepped in to reprimand Willrich and defended Benn on the grounds of his good record since 1933 (his earlier artistic output being irrelevant). In 1938 the Reichsschrifttumskammer
(the National Socialist authors' association) banned Benn from further writing.

After the war

During World War II, Benn was posted to garrisons in eastern Germany where he wrote poems and essays. After the war, his work was banned by the Allies because of his initial support for Hitler. In 1951 he was awarded the Georg Büchner Prize. He died of cancer in West Berlin in 1956, and was buried in Waldfriedhof Dahlem, Berlin.

Benn's tomb in Berlin

Reception

Benn had a great influence on German poetry immediately before World War I (as an expressionist), as well as after World War II (as the 'Static' poet).[14]

Books

Collections

Notes

  1. ^ "Nomination Database". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-04-19.
  2. ^ "Gottfried Benn". Deutsche Akademie für Sprache und Dichtung. Retrieved 12 November 2023.
  3. ISBN 978-0-7145-2500-6
  4. ^ cf p. x.
  5. ISBN 978-3-608-95313-8
    ).
  6. ^ Translated and recited by Natias Neutert (with revisions added from the recent translation of David Paisey). Cf. Foolnotes, Booklet, Smith Gallery Performance, Soho New York 1980, p. 21.
  7. ^ Cf. Under the headline Latently existing words in the Frankfurter Rundschau, Anja Juhre-Wright talks with Natias Neutert about the difficulties of translating Benn. See external links
  8. ^ Reinhard Paul Becker: Introduction. In: Volkmar Sander (Ed.): Gottfried Benn. Prose, Essays, Poems. (Foreword by E.B. Ashton). The German L Vol. 73, Continuum, New York, p. XX*.
  9. ^ Gottfried Benn: Söhne. Neue Gedichte. Berlin (n.d. [1913].
  10. ISBN 978-0-06-015248-2
  11. ^ cf E.B. Ashton (Ed.): Gottfried Benn Primal Vision. New Directions Publishing Corporation, New York, p. xi–xii.
  12. ^
    ISBN 978-0-520-07278-7
    , p. 367-8
  13. ^ Cf. Gottfried-Benn-Gesellschaft e.V. Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany: http://www.gottfriedbenn.de/lebenslauf.php
  14. ^ Derived from his most effective and well known work, from Gottfried Benn's Statische Gedichte. Arche Verlag, Zürich 1948/Limes Verlag Wiesbaden 1949 (with three more poems).

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gottfried Benn.
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