2018–2019 Iranian general strikes and protests
This article's lead section may be too short to adequately summarize the key points. (December 2019) |
2018–2019 Iranian general strikes and protests | |||
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Part of the Iranian Democracy Movement | |||
Tehran Bazaar | |||
Date | 14 April 2018 – 23 June 2019 | ||
Location | |||
Caused by |
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Goals |
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Methods | Demonstrations, civil disobedience, strikes | ||
Resulted in |
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Parties | |||
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Lead figures | |||
Hashem Khastar (Teachers representative) | |||
Number | |||
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Casualties | |||
Arrested | 10+ in Bazaar strikes 261 truckers[1] 5 Kurdish activists[2] 40+ teachers[3][4][5][6] 61 workers[7][8] |
The 2018–2019 Iranian general strikes and protests were a series of strikes and protests that took place across
Timeline
2018
April
On 14 April 2018, Baneh shopkeepers started strikes which continued for twenty days.[9]
May
In late May, Iranian truckers staged a major nationwide strike over low wages and poor working conditions. It lasted until mid-June and was the first in a series of strikes that continued until late 2018 (see below).[10]
June
25 June: On 25 June 2018, shops were shut and thousands gathered in the Bazaar area of
26 June: People in
Strikes and protests were also seen in Kermanshah, Arak and Tabriz.[19]
27 June: Protests continued for a third day in Tehran, despite a heavy security presence,[20] Reuters referred to the three days as "the biggest unrest since the start of the year". Iran's Supreme Leader, Ali Khamenei, addressed the protests for the first time and called on the judiciary to punish those who disrupted economic security.[21] Many of the protests involved traders in the Grand Bazaar in Tehran, who complained that the devaluation of the Iranian rial had forced them to stop trading.[22]
28 June: On 28 June, sources told Radio Farda that merchants had closed down the Bazaar in the city of Arak.[23] Tehran's prosecutor general stated that a large number of protesters had been arrested and would likely face trial.[23] Jafar Dolatabadi also stated in an interview that the protesters grievances are not only economic, and that "people are grappling with political and social concerns".[23]
September
On 11 September 2018, shopkeepers in
On 22 September 2018, truckers across several Iranian cities restarted their strikes against the rising expenses of their jobs.[24] On 26 September, the strikes continued and were seen in
October
On 1 October, the truckers strikes reached their 10th straight day and were seen in
On 13 October 2018, teachers across Iran started a two-day nationwide strike in protest to high expenses and inflation.
Teachers went on strike for a second day on 14 October.[40]
November
On 1 November 2018, truckers in Tehran, Zanjan, Isfahan, Asaluyeh, Nahavand, and Shahrud went on strike for the fourth time this year in protest to the arrest of hundreds of truckers in October.[41] Workers from several factories in Iran have been on constant strikes due to unpaid wages and inflation. On 2 November 2018, workers at the Haft Tappeh Cane Sugar Company's factory in Shush start their own strikes.
On 13 and 14 November, Iranian teachers in most provinces went on strike for the second time in 2018.[42][43] Thirteen teachers were arrested during this strike.[6]
On 15 November, the workers strikes escalated and protests spilled onto the streets of Shush.[44] Some workers in Shush called for the factory to be operated by a workers council.[45] The following day, the workers disrupted the Friday Prayer service of the city. They chanted "Hossein, Hossein is their cry, theft is their pride", "Death to oppressors, long live workers", and "Workers are willing to die, but will not accept oppression".[46][47] Protests continued in the streets of Shush on 17 November, despite the presence of the security forces and riot police.[48]
On the same day, hundreds of workers of the Foolad Company in
On 18 November 2018 Workers Syndicate at the Haft Tappeh sugar mill in Iran's Khuzestan province announced that the security forces had arrested two of their representatives, Esmail Bakhshi and Mohsen Armand.[54] The syndicate also announced that on 29 November 2018 government forces arrested its senior member Ali Nejati in his house.
December
On 4 December, workers in Ahvaz protested for the 25th straight day, and chanted "Palestine and Syria are the root of our problems".[55] On 17 December, the security forces cracked-down and arrested 31 workers in Ahvaz whom they re-identified as the leaders of the protests.[8] The day before workers had gathered in Ahvaz and declared that they would take their protest to the capital Tehran, if their demands were not met.[56] On 13 December, Ali Nejati, was transferred to hospital, after long and distressing interrogations.[57]
On 18 December, a lone protester on the island of Kish, stood in front of the main square of the city and graffitied anti-regime and pro-worker slogans, which included: "Imprisoned workers must be freed", and "long live the Shah".[58] On 18 and 19 December 2018 the security forces stormed the houses of Foolad workers in Khuzestan province and arrested up to 41 workers.[59][60][61]
15 workers at Ilam Petrochemical Plant in central western Iran were convicted to six months' imprisonment and 74 lashes by a state court after they gathered in protest outside the factory for their fellow experienced workers being laid off. The court charged them with "disrupting public order and peace".[62]
On 21 December, truck drivers across the country started their fifth round of nationwide strikes in protest to inflation and rising expenses.[63]
On 27 December 2018 Security forces attacked with tear gas a teachers gathering outside the education office in Isfahan, central Iran. Teachers were protesting their low salary and the arrest of their colleagues who were now in jail.[64]
2019
January
Farmers gathered in Isfahan on 2 January to protest the lack of water in the Zayanderud. The protestors were met by security forces who fired tear gas and live rounds into the air to disperse the crowds.[65][66] On 22 January, retirees gathered in front of the parliament building in Tehran and chanted "Torture and forced confessions, have no effect anymore".[67] Two days later, on 24 January, teachers gathered in five provinces to protest their current living and teaching conditions.[68]
February
On 14 February, teachers in
On 26 February, railway workers in
March
On 3 March, teachers across Iran started a three-day nationwide sit in, in protest to low living wages and unfavourable job conditions. This is the third sit in this year by teachers across Iran.
The following day on 4 March, mobile bazars in Tehran, Tabriz, Ahvaz, Mashhad, and Isfahan went on strike to protest the new initiative started by the Ministry of Communications which prevents them from registering the smartphones they want to sell.[76]
On 5 March, workers of Chamshir Dam in
On 6 March, Foolad retirees took to the streets in Isfahan due to low pensions. The protestors chanted "Our revolution was a mistake" and "Rouhani the liar, resign".[79] Teachers again took the streets on 7 March in multiple cities across Iran. Protests were reported in Kermanshah, Urmia, Ardabil, Mashhad, and Isfahan.[80]
May
On 1 May (May day), workers, students, and teachers gathered in front of the parliament building in Tehran to protest poor economic conditions, and lack of individual rights. Protesters chanted "Workers, teachers, students, unite" and "High costs and inflation are hurting people's lives". The security forces clamped down on the protests and 40 demonstrators were arrested.[81][82]
On 2 May, teachers across 13 provinces in Iran protested their poor work and living conditions. The security forces arrested at least three teachers in Tehran.[83][84][85]
Torture allegations
On 29 November 2018, it was reported by various news outlets that
On 20 December 2018, Human Rights Watch urged the regime in Iran to investigate and find an explanation for the death of Vahid Sayadi Nasiri who had been jailed for insulting the Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei. According to his family Nasiri had been on hunger strike but he was denied medical attention before he died.[90]
Bakhshi and Qolian were arrested again in January 2019. In February 2019, it was reported that Bakhshi's health was in serious condition while in jail.[91]
Suppression
Addressing students in Qom, in early March 2019, Musa Ghazanfarabadi, an Iranian official and head of the Islamic Courts in Tehran, said that if needed they can bring Hashd al-Shaabi militias from Iraq, Houthis from Yemen and others from Pakistan and Afghanistan to suppress the demonstrations.[92]
Gallery
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Protesters at Tehran Bazaar
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Protesters in front ofBank Melli
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People protesting in Grand Bazar
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Protesters in streets of Tehran
See also
- Economy of Iran
- History of the Islamic Republic of Iran
- 2017–2018 Iranian protests
- Internet activism during the 2009 Iranian election protests
- 1953 Iranian coup d'état
- Iran student protests, July 1999
- 2009 Iranian presidential election protests
- 2011–2012 Iranian protests
- 2018 Dervish protests
- 2018 Khuzestan protests
- 2018 Iranian water protests
- 2019 Iranian protests
- 2019 Sistan and Baluchestan protests
- June 2018 uprising in Iran
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External links
Media related to 2018 Tehran Grand Bazaar protests at Wikimedia Commons