Al-Awhad Ayyub
Najm ad-Din Ayyub | |||||
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Al-Malik al-Awhad | |||||
Tamta | |||||
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Dynasty | Ayyubid | ||||
Father | Al-Adil I | ||||
Religion | Sunni Islam |
Al-Malik al-Awhad Najm ad-Din Ayyub ibn al-Adil Abu Bakr ibn Najm ad-Din Ayyub (died 1210) was the third Ayyubid emir (prince) of the Diyarbakir emirate, centered in Mayyafariqin, between 1200 and 1210 CE.[1][full citation needed] He was the fourth eldest son of Sultan al-Adil I of Egypt (r. 1200–1218).[2]
Emir of Mayyafariqin
Following the ousting of al-Afdal from Damascus, al-Adil divided much of the reunited Ayyubid empire among his sons. The empire's northernmost possessions, centered on Mayyafariqin, were allotted to al-Awhad.[3][full citation needed] Al-Afdal and al-Adil later concluded an agreement whereby al-Awhad would transfer control of Mayyafariqin to al-Afdal. However, al-Awhad declined to give up part of his principality and al-Adil refused to intervene. It is likely that al-Adil himself ordered al-Awhad to refuse the transfer due to Mayyafariqin's strategic importance as a border area fortress. Consequently, al-Afdal joined forces with brother az-Zahir Ghazi of Aleppo who disputed al-Adil's rule. In an attempt to gain the support of Izz al-Din Usama, the Ayyubid emir of Ajloun, the brothers' approach backfired when Izz al-Din informed al-Adil of their conspiracy. A short-lived armed struggle between the two Ayyubid factions in Syria followed.[4]
Conquest of Armenia
Al-Awhad was central to al-Adil's efforts to conquer the territories of
In 1207, in a bid to control the main road between
Before Ayyubid control could be solidified, al-Awhad faced revolts in Arjish and Van. As he attempted to quash those insurrections, Akhlat joined the rebellion later in 1208. Upon the orders of al-Adid, al-Ashraf led an army of roughly 1,000 troops to support al-Awhad and the Ayyubids managed to put down the revolt in Akhlat, resulting in a heavy loss of life.[7] By 1209 the Christian kingdom of Georgia challenged Ayyubid rule in eastern Anatolia. In response al-Adil assembled and personally led an army that included the emirs of Homs, Hama and Baalbek as well as contingents from other Ayyubid principalities to back al-Awhad and al-Ashraf. The Georgians withdrew from the area when the Ayyubids' approached Akhlat.[10] As the Georgians returned to their kingdom, al-Awhad captured their general Ivane Mkhargrdzeli on the outskirts of Akhlat. Using Ivane as a bargaining chip, al-Awhad agreed to release him in return for 30 years of peace with Georgia, thus ending the immediate Georgian threat to the Ayyubids.[11]
References
- ^ Bosworth, p. 72.
- ^ Humphreys, 1977, p. 125.
- ^ Chisholm, p. 98.
- ^ Humphreys, 1977, pp. 117-118.
- ^ Humphreys, 1977, p. 127.
- ^ Humphreys, 1977, p. 128.
- ^ a b c d Humphreys, 1977, p. 129.
- ^ Richards, p. 135. Translation of Ibn al-Athir's work.
- ^ Richards, p. 136. Translation of Ibn al-Athir's work.
- ^ Humphreys, 1977, p. 130.
- ^ Humphreys, 1977 p. 131.
Bibliography
- Humphreys, Stephen (1977). From Saladin to the Mongols: The Ayyubids of Damascus, 1193-1260. SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-87395-263-7.
- ISBN 978-0-7546-4078-3.