Appam

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For the steamship, see SS Appam. For the court case about the steamship, see The Steamship Appam.

Appam
Appam
Alternative namesHoppers, Ãppa, kallappam, vellappam, palappam
TypePancake or griddle cake
CourseBreakfast or dinner
Associated cuisineIndia, Sri Lanka, Southeast Asia
Main ingredientsRice batter
VariationsEgg hoppers

An appa or appam is a type of thin pancake originating from South India and Sri Lanka. It is made with fermented rice batter and coconut milk, traditionally cooked in an appachatti, a deep pan similar in shape to a wok. It is part of Kerala and Tamil cuisine found in the Indian states of Kerala and Tamil Nadu, and in Sri Lanka.[1] Appam is most frequently served for breakfast or dinner, often with a topping such as an egg.

Etymology

Appa (also aapa, appe) may derive from the Sanskrit word (अपूप apupa), which refers to a type of "fried dainty."[2]

History

Video of making an appam

Vir Sanghvi, an Indian journalist, quotes food historian K. T. Achaya and states that the appam is mentioned in the Tamil Sangam literature, in works like Perumpāṇāṟṟuppaṭai.[3][4][5] Achaya states that appam was well-established in ancient Tamil country as mentioned in Sangam, with poems also describing appam along with modakam being sold at street markets in ancient city of Madurai.[6][7]

“At nightfall, the sounds of conch shells cease, and shops are shut, their screens pulled down. Vendors, who sell delicate appams that are like honeycombs and modakam that are made by hand filled with coconut and sugar sweet and pulses, go to sleep."

Appam is a close relative of dosa. Early dosas were made from rice batter and later black lentils were introduced, and since then black lentils have become an integral component of dosa.[3] The recipe of appam unlike dosa has remained unchanged for centuries.[3] One of the earliest recipes for appam can be found in the elaborately carved recipe on the walls of the Srirangam temple, made to be offered to the deity.[8][9]

Appam also has a rich history in the island nation of Sri Lanka.[10] There are multiple styles of fermenting appam, and some Jewish historians have noted that the Cochin Jews of Kerala used fresh toddy instead of yeast.[11][12]

Variations

An appam being cooked in Kerala
Appam served with coconut milk
Guli Appam
Appam served with chickpea curry from Kerala
With egg cooked in middle

Idiyappam

biriyani, by adding scrambled eggs or vegetables.[13]

Idiyappam with egg masala curry

Achappam

Achappam is a deep-fried rose cookie made with rice. It is a signature Syrian Christian food.[14]

Kuzhalappam

Kuzhalappam is a typical Syrian Christian-Saint Thomas Christians dish which is a fried crisp curled up like a tube.[15]

Neyyappam

Neyyappam owes its origins to Kerala and has been a traditional offering in Hindu temples for God.[16] It is made with rice flour, jaggery and clarified butter ghee, which is the traditional method of making Nei appam. Again, the different culture and religious practices introduced variations to the dish as described in the citation above.

plantain
is added to the batter. The batter is made out of rice flour, jaggery and plantain and is poured into a vessel called appakarai or appakaram, which has ghee heated to a high temperature. The appams take the shape of small cups and are fried until deep brown.

Pesaha appam

Pesaha (Passover). This type of appam is dipped in syrup or Pesaha Pal (Passover Coconut Milk) before being served.[17]

Vattayappam

Vattayappam

Vattayappam is made from rice flour, sugar, and coconut. It is an oil-free tea-time snack in a majority of households in Kerala.[18] The dish is made by steam-cooking the batter and is very similar to the bánh bò from Vietnam.

Burmese apon

Appam, called apon (အာပုံ) in Burmese, is a common street food in Burmese cuisine.[19] It is considered a delicacy of Southern Myanmar, in coastal towns like Dawei and Myeik.[20][21]

Kue apem

Indonesian kue apem, sold in Lok Baintan floating market, Banjar Regency, South Kalimantan

In Indonesia, a variant of appam is known as kue apem or kue apam. It is an Indonesian kue or traditional cake of steamed dough made of rice flour, coconut milk, yeast and palm sugar, usually served with grated coconut.[22] Indonesian households or community traditionally communally made kue apem for celebration and festivities. For example, Keraton Yogyakarta traditionally held Ngapem ceremony, where royal household communally cook kue apem (Javanese version of appam) as a part of Tingalan Jumenengan Dalem ceremony.[23] It is quite similar to kue mangkok. Just like kue putu it is derived from Indian influence on Indonesian cuisine.

See also

References

  1. ISBN 978-1-000-76095-8
    .
  2. ^ The Bloomsbury Handbook of Indian Cuisine - Page 27-Colleen Taylor Sen, Sourish Bhattacharyya, Helen Saberi · 2023
  3. ^
    ISBN 0143031392
    .
  4. ISBN 978-8184756784
    .
  5. ISBN 81-7371-293-X
    .
  6. ^ Food in Pathupattu Part III Maduraikanchi - Achaya, K.T. Indian Food: A Historical Companion. Oxford University Press 1994
  7. ^ Champakalakshmi R. Trade, ideology and Urbanization South India 300 BC to 1300 AD. Oxford University Press India 1996.
  8. doi:10.3390/rel9090270
  9. ^ Shoba (16 April 2015). "A Divine Treat". Open Magazine.
  10. ^ Bullis; Hutton (2001). Food of Sri Lanka. Tuttle Publishing.
  11. OCLC 849738985
    .
  12. OCLC 1268929164.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link
    )
  13. ^ Petrina Verma Sarkar (2 March 2011). "Appams - Appam Recipe - Hoppers - Hoppers Recipe". Indianfood.about.com. Archived from the original on 7 January 2016. Retrieved 21 November 2011.
  14. ^ Menon, A. Sreedhara (1979). Social and cultural history of Kerala. Sterling.
  15. ISBN 0195644166
    .
  16. ^ Dileep Padgaonkar (10 April 2010). "The appam takes on the naan". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 14 August 2013.
  17. ^ Amprayil, Kuruvilla Cherian (16 March 2008). "Kerala Nazranee Pesaha Receipes [sic]". Nasrani Syrian Christians Network. Retrieved 22 August 2009.
  18. ^ "Vattayappam- an oil free tea time snack - Appam - Palappam - Pesaha Appam - Kerala Cuisines - Cake - Snacks - Steamed".
  19. ^ "လှည်းတန်းတစ်ဝိုက်မုန့်စားကြမယ်". Yangon Life (in Burmese). Archived from the original on 14 January 2021. Retrieved 14 January 2021.
  20. ^ "ထားဝယ်ဆိုတာ လူငယ်တွေအတွက်ပါ". MDN - Myanmar DigitalNews (in Burmese). Retrieved 14 January 2021.
  21. ^ "မြိတ်လို့ခေါ်တဲ့ ကျွန်တော့်ရဲ့ဇာတိမြေ | MingalaGO မြန်မာခရီးသွားလမ်းညွှန် – မြန်မာနိုင်ငံခရီးသွားဆိုင်ရာ တန်ဖိုးရှိအသုံးဝင်သော သတင်းအချက်အလက်များ". MingalaGO (in Burmese). Retrieved 14 January 2021.
  22. ^ "Kue Apem Kukus" (in Indonesian). Sajian Sedap. 16 December 2010. Archived from the original on 12 July 2015. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
  23. ^ "Para Puteri Sri Sultan Luwes Membuat Apem di Prosesi Ngapem - Tribun Jogja". Tribun Jogja (in Indonesian). 14 April 2018. Retrieved 2 July 2018.
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