Arundinaria gigantea
Arundinaria gigantea | |
---|---|
Grouping of Arundinaria gigantea at Cane Ridge Meeting House in Kentucky, US | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Monocots |
Clade: | Commelinids |
Order: | Poales |
Family: | Poaceae |
Genus: | Arundinaria |
Species: | A. gigantea
|
Binomial name | |
Arundinaria gigantea (Walter) Muhl.
|
Arundinaria gigantea is a species of
Description
This bamboo is a perennial
Habitat and ecology
During the last Glacial Maximum, the range of this plant was restricted to a narrow strip along the Gulf Coast. When the ice sheets retreated, it spread northward to its current range.[10]
This native plant is a member of several plant communities today, generally occurring as a component of the
Cane is considered to be a fire dependent species. Canebrakes are maintained by a fire regime where intervals between burns range from 2–8 years.[11]
Giant cane has been documented as providing food and shelter for 70 species, including six butterfly species that depend almost exclusively on it for food.[12] An example of a butterfly that requires cane as a food plant is the southern pearly eye.[8] Canebrakes are an important habitat for the Swainson's, hooded, and Kentucky warblers, as well as the white-eyed vireo. The disappearance of the canebrake ecosystem may have contributed to the rarity and possible extinction of the Bachman's warbler, which was dependent upon it for nesting sites.[2][13] Giant cane was also one of three major sources of food for passenger pigeons, and the disappearance of canebrakes may have helped cause its extinction.[12]
Giant cane may be prevented from growing by invasive plants like quackgrass that spread horizontally, but tall native plants such as big bluestem and ironweed have been reported to have a positive effect.[14]
Conservation
Canebrakes declined after European settlement of the American southeast. Factors involved in the decline include the introduction of livestock such as cattle, which eagerly graze on the leaves. The cane was considered a good forage for the animals until overgrazing began to eliminate canebrake habitat.[2] Other reasons for the decline include the conversion of the land for agriculture[15] and fire suppression.[16]
Uses and cultural significance
There are many human uses for the cane. The
The art of river cane basketry is also important to the
In 2022, the Cherokee Nation signed an agreement with the National Park Service to allow collection of 76 culturally important plant species in the Buffalo River National Park in Arkansas, including A. gigantea.[24]
Giant cane is of interest due to its extraordinary capability to reduce both sediment loss and nitrate runoff when planted as a "buffer" between waterways and agricultural fields. A giant cane buffer zone can reduce nitrate pollution in ground water by 99%.[12] Stands of cane are superior even to forests as protective buffers around waterways, absorbing sediment and nitrate pollution and dramatically slowing the rate at which runoff enters the stream or river.[25]
References
- ^ Arundinaria gigantea, Giant cane. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia., NatureServe, 1984, retrieved 15 November 2021
- ^ a b c d e Jane E. Taylor (2006). "Arundinaria gigantea In: Fire Effects Information System". U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory.
- ^ Triplett, J.K.; Weakley, A.S.; Clark, L.G. (2006), "Hill cane (Arundinaria appalachiana), a new species of bamboo (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) from the southern Appalachian Mountains" (PDF), Sida, 22 (1): 79–95, archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-09-30, retrieved 2007-07-14
{{citation}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Arundinaria gigantea and A. tecta". Grass Manual Treatment. Archived from the original on June 13, 2012.
- ^ "Louisiana Botany".Worldcat.org website Retrieved 23 October 2023.
- Torrey Botanical Club, vol. 56, no. 6, 1929, pp. 315–18. JSTOR websiteRetrieved 23 Oct. 2023.
- ^ Platt, Steven G.; Brantley, Christopher G.; Rainwater, Thomas R. (2004). "Observations of flowering cane (Arundinacea gigantea) in Louisiana, Mississippi, and South Carolina" (PDF). The Proceedings of the Louisiana Academy of Sciences (66): 17–25. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-04-26.
- ^ a b "Arundinaria gigantea | Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants | University of Florida, IFAS". plants.ifas.ufl.edu. Archived from the original on April 20, 2023. Retrieved 2023-04-20.
- ISBN 0-8117-0126-3.
- ^ Owens, Chelsea (11 February 2021). "Post-Pleistocene Distribution of Arundinaria gigantea in Northeastern Alabama". Jsu Student Symposium 2021.
- ^ "Arundinaria gigantea". fs.usda.gov. Archived from the original on May 28, 2023.
- ^ a b c d Barret, Richard; Grabowski, Janet; Williams, M.J. "Giant Cane and Other Native Bamboos: Establishment and Use for Conservation of Natural Resources in the Southeast" (PDF). ncrs.usda.gov. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 2, 2023. Retrieved 27 November 2022.
- ^ "Bachman's Warbler". BirdLife International Species Profile. Archived from the original on April 20, 2023.
- ^ Campbell, Julian. "Growth of Cane (Arundinaria sensu stricto), the Mysterious Native Bamboo of North America" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on March 14, 2023.
- S2CID 86518356.
- ^ S2CID 129900940.
- ^ a b Lori Valigra (November 7, 2005), In Cherokee country, reviving a tree's deep roots, National Geographic News, archived from the original on 2012-02-01
- ^ a b "BRIT - Native American Ethnobotany Database". naeb.brit.org. Archived from the original on Oct 23, 2023. Retrieved 2024-02-06.
- ^ "WCU helps Cherokee artists harvest natural materials". Western Carolina University Office of Public Relations. November 6, 2008. Archived from the original on 2012-12-15.
- ^ a b "Preserving the past: A guide for North Carolina landowners". North Carolina Cooperative Extension. Archived from the original on Dec 2, 2023.
- ^ Andrea L. Rogers (2023). "28". In Hoagland, Serra J.; Albert, Steven (eds.). Wildlife Stewardship on Tribal Lands. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 309–311.
- ^ Fabvssa, Iti. "Makers and Masterpieces: Rivercane basketry at the Smithsonian". choctawnation.com. Archived from the original on June 17, 2023.
- ^ Batton, Gary. "Watonlak Hvshi season is a good time to save the river cane". choctawnation.com. Archived from the original on September 29, 2023.
- ^ "Cherokee Nation, park service reach deal on plant gathering within Buffalo National River". The Arkansas Democrat-Gazette. 20 April 2022. Archived from the original on Feb 6, 2024.
- ^ "Canebrake Restoration". friendsofthecache.org. Archived from the original on Oct 3, 2023. Retrieved 27 November 2022.