BMPT Terminator

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"BMPT" redirects here. For the art group, see BMPT (art group).
BMPT Terminator
2022 War in Ukraine

Battle of the Svatove-Kreminna line
Production history
Designer
US gal)
Operational
range
≥550 km (340 mi)
Maximum speed ≥60 km/h (37 mph)

The BMPT "Terminator" (Боевая машина поддержки танков - Tank Support Fighting Vehicle)

PKTM
machine gun.

The BMPT is built on the chassis of the widely used T-72 main battle tank. The BMPT was designed based on combat experience gained during the Soviet–Afghan War and the First Chechen War. Multiple prototypes of a tank support combat vehicle were created prior to the design of the current BMPT. The Object 199 "Ramka" was the prototype later to be designated the modern BMPT with the official producer being Uralvagonzavod. By late 2013, the only operator of the BMPT was Kazakhstan.

A small number were delivered to the Russian Ground Forces for evaluation beginning in 2005. The Russian Defence Ministry finally ordered the BMPT in August 2017.[citation needed] Deliveries of more than 10 vehicles were begun in early 2018. On 1 December 2021, the first BMPT company of nine combat vehicles was introduced into one of the tank regiments of the tank division of the Central Military District.[4] The version, unofficially dubbed the "Terminator-3", incorporates the chassis, hulls, and components of the T-14 Armata tank.[5]

Examples of an "upgraded" version of the BMPT-72 are participating in the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, first observed during the battle of Sieverodonetsk in Ukraine.[6][2]

Design history

infantry fighting vehicles, like the BMP-2 (pictured), did not have sufficient protection for urban combat.[7]

The history of the BMPT's development can be traced back to the

main battle tanks (MBTs) possessed a high amount of firepower, the limited elevation and depression angles of the main gun made them easy targets in mountainous and urban terrain. In the 1980s, the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant began designing prototypes for the new concept, early prototypes being Object 781, Object 782, and Object 787. It was evident that a new vehicle concept was needed. The main requirements for this new machine were to possess large firepower, high angles of elevation and depression, and protection equivalent to that of an MBT. An additional requirement that was meant to supplement the latter was enhanced protection from close-range hand-held RPGs.[7]

The need for such a vehicle became even more evident during the

First Battle of Grozny. While these losses cannot be entirely blamed on technology, it became clear that a dedicated anti-personnel fighting vehicle would provide valuable assistance in an urban environment. Self-propelled anti-aircraft guns were used as a temporary solution in Chechnya. However, these vehicles were not well-armored and did not possess the obstacle-clearing capabilities of an MBT.[8]

There have been several different prototype designs of a tank support fighting vehicle, like the Object 193A and the Object 745. A mock-up of the Object 199 was shown for the first time in public during the summer of 2000. This vehicle was slightly different from the current design, being armed with only a single

2A42 30 mm gun and with four 9M133 Kornet missiles located on one side of the turret. The production model of the BMPT was introduced in 2002 and featured twin 30 mm autocannons, two independent 30 mm automatic grenade launchers, and four Ataka missile launchers.[7]

Mission

When used in urban terrain, each main battle tank is to be deployed with two BMPTs. Outside of urban warfare that ratio is reversed with one BMPT protecting two main battle tanks.[9] This results from the complexity of fighting in urban terrain and the need for a versatile anti-personnel platform that can engage multiple targets at once and on different height levels. The introduction of such a vehicle makes urban fighting less stressful on MBTs and can relieve them of some of the workload so that they can concentrate on their main objective of engaging other tanks and hardened targets. The BMPT's armor protection is equal to that of an MBT and its powerful armaments allow it to engage virtually any enemy formation while operating in a common battle formation. Thanks to the multiple weapons systems found on the BMPT, this vehicle is able to fire at multiple targets simultaneously.[7] These features significantly help increase the combat effectiveness of tank units and decrease their losses from enemy close-combat assets.[10]

Description

Armament

The armament includes an unmanned turret[11] armed with:

  • four launchers for the 130 mm 9M120 Ataka-T anti-tank guided missile (ATGM)
  • two 30 mm
    2A42
    with 850 rounds
  • either two AG-17D or two AGS-30 30 mm grenade launchers with 600 rounds
  • one 7.62 mm
    PKTM
    machine gun with 2,000 rounds

Anti-tank guided weapons

Further information: 9M120 Ataka

The BMPT uses the Ataka missile to defeat heavily armored vehicles like tanks (shaped charge), infantry (thermobaric warhead) or aircraft (continuous rod). These missiles are carried only within their launchers, without any additional ones stowed away. A pair of ATGM launchers is located on each side of the turret. These launchers have an elevation of up to +25° and depression down to −5°.

thermobaric warhead and yields a blast effect of 9.5 kg in TNT equivalence.[13][14] This missile's average speed for all variants is 400 m/s when reaching a target located 5.8 km from the launcher for a flight time of 14.5 seconds. The 9M120 has an operational range of up to 6 km[d] and travels at a supersonic speed of 550 m/s.[13]

Autocannons

Further information:
30 mm automatic cannon 2A42

The main weapons of BMPT are the two 30 mm

PKTM machine gun is mounted coaxially with the main armament and holds 2,000 rounds.[7]

Grenade launchers

Further information: AGS-17
Further information: AGS-30

A pair of either AGS-17D or AGS-30 grenade launchers[16] are carried, one located on each side of the BMPT, and operated by a single crew member. A total of 600 rounds of 30 mm grenades are carried for both grenade launchers. There is no reloading for the grenade launchers because each one holds 300 rounds in a single belt.[7] Only vertical stabilization is provided for the grenade launchers. The horizontal angles that the AG-17Ds can cover are from 5° (to the left) to 27° (to the right) for the right grenade launcher and from 27° (to the left) and 5° (to the right) for the left grenade launcher. The maximum vertical elevation is +20° and the minimum is −5.5°.[12] The muzzle velocity is 185 m/s and the fire rate is 420–480 rds/min, which gives a continuous fire time (both barrels combined) of 37-43 seconds before running out of ammo (not considering the constraints that limit the practical rate of fire, such as barrel overheating). An effective range of 1,700 m is provided while the kill radius of the 30 mm grenades is seven meters.[17] Automatic grenade launcher operators are equipped with the "Agat-MR" day/night independent stabilized sights.[7]

Fire control system

The commander's panoramic sight (located on the roof) gives the BMPT hunter-killer capabilities by continuously scanning targets for the gunner.[7]

To enable the BMPT to engage targets in both day and night conditions and when the BMPT is stationary or moving, a computerized fire-control system is fitted. The sight of the gunner includes a thermal channel, an optical channel, a guided ATGM channel, and a laser rangefinder. The field of view sight has an independent stabilization in two planes. The sights provide detection of targets at ranges up to 7,000 m in poor weather conditions.

GPS/GLONASS module.[7]

Protection

The Terminator possesses a System 902A automatic smoke grenade launcher on both sides of the turret which serves as camouflage and provides protection against guided weapons.[10] When the screening system warns the crew of laser tracking, a smoke screen is created by the launch of grenades. Special attention was paid to the survivability of the BMPT and its crew. Certain measures were taken to ensure this like placing the fuel tanks in a sealed housing compartment and fastening the seats towards the roof in case of a mine penetration.[10] There are additional fuel tanks located in the rear of the hull in an armored compartment on the left fender. The vehicle is equipped with an automatic fire fighting system to fight any fires that will ignite within the vehicle.

Armor is reinforced with 3rd generation "Relikt" ERA on the frontal armor and both sides of hull and turret, slat (cage) armor in the rear. Missile launchers are reinforced by armored shields, protecting them from splinters and small arms fire. Weapon station is only armored against small arms fire.

Mobility

The maximum speed of the vehicle is 60 km/h over highways and a cruising range of 550 km with external fuel tanks. The BMPT can cross a trench that's as long as 2.7 ± 0.1 m and overcome vertical obstacles as high as 0.85 m. Like the T-72, the transmission of the engine is manual with seven gears for forward and one gear for reverse. The maximum gradient for the BMPT is 30° and 25° when climbing forwards and travelling along a side respectively. Fording capabilities are provided by the BMPT. It can cross water obstacles with a depth of 1.2 m without preparation and 1.8 m with five minutes of preparation. When installed with a snorkel kit, this vehicle is able to cross rivers up to five meters in depth.[12]

Crew and life support

The rear of the driver's compartment, at the front of the vehicle, has been raised, providing greater internal volume. It uses proven elements from those fitted to the

NBC protection is provided to the crew to ensure survival against radiation, chemical and biological weapons. As an option, the BMPT can be fitted with mine-clearing devices such as the KMT-7 or KMT-8 mine sweepers. T-72 tanks can be also converted into BMPT.[10]

BMPT-72 Terminator 2

BMPT-72 "Terminator 2" is an improvement over its predecessor. It is made from a T-72 hull where the turret is replaced with a "Terminator" module and armament.[18][19] The Terminator 2 can be effectively used to destroy enemy tanks, armored personnel carriers and other armored assets, and to suppress enemy firing emplacements and infantry using grenade launchers and antitank weapons systems.[20] Unlike the Terminator 1 however, the Terminator 2 is a retrofit only package, with old T-72B or T-72M tanks being upgraded to BMPT-72 standard. The Terminator 2 is aimed at the export market (in particular as part of offset deals).

The conversion process of the obsolete vehicles can be undertaken at the customer facilities.[21]

Armament and FCS

The two automatic grenade launchers are removed along with its operators, reducing the crew to three;[21][20] the number of munitions for the Ataka missiles, 2A42 autocannons, and PKTM machine gun remains unchanged. A new and improved FCS is installed in the BMPT-72.[22] The ballistic computer is electronic and fully digital with a set of weather and topographical sending units.[20]

Air burst munitions are under development for BMPT and other Russian military vehicles.[23][24][25][26]

Protection

Although the weight of the new BMPT is reduced by four metric tonnes, its level of protection isn't lower than that of its predecessor.

CBRN protection is provided for the crew members and is collective.[20] A type R-168-25UE-2 radio is installed on board the Terminator 2.[20]

Mobility

The mobility of the BMPT-72 does not differ significantly from the original BMPT.[20]

An auxiliary diesel APU is also fitted that allows to keep most of the functions activated while the main engine is off. Two options are available, a small 5 kW DGU-5-P27 5-VM1 and a 8 kW DGU-8-P27 5-VM1.

"Terminator 3"

BMPT ("Terminator 3") - is a new design model of Tank Support Fighting Vehicle based on the

unmanned.[27]

Armata is powered by a new generation 1,500 hp

hydro-mechanical automatic transmission (unlike the two predecessors), with a maximum road speed of 65–70 km/h (40–43 mph), an operational range of 550 km (340 mi), and a power-to-weight ratio of over 30 hp/tonne.[citation needed
]

Operational history

Russo-Ukrainian War

The BMPT was first deployed by Russia in Ukraine on 18 May 2022, according to RIA Novosti.[28] The BMPTs deployed to Ukraine appear to have been fitted with AGS-17 grenade launchers.[29] With only around 10 BMPTs in service, they have a limited impact on the war.[30] They were first observed during the battle of Sieverodonetsk in Ukraine.[6][30] In late May 2022, footage emerged of 2 BMPTs in action with Russian tanks during an offensive on Lysychansk, the armored group took positions on a hill and began shelling a highway below but was forced to retreat due to Ukrainian artillery fire.[31]

Of the approximately 10 BMPTs deployed, there is footage of 1 being destroyed and 2 being damaged in Ukraine. On 9 February 2023, a BMPT was destroyed by Ukrainian artillery near Kreminna, Luhansk.[32] In July 2023, the Russian 3rd Army Corps released footage of a Terminator using its 30mm autocannon and Ataka anti-tank missiles at night.[33] Later in August 2023, a second BMPT was damaged or destroyed by Ukrainian kamikaze drones near Spartak, Donetsk Oblast. A T-80 was also hit by a kamikaze drone while towing the BMPT away.[34] A third one was hit by a crowdfunded kamikaze drone in September 2023, a BREM-1 armoured recovery vehicle attempting to recover the BMPT was also reportedly destroyed.[35][36][37]

Operators

Map with BMPT Terminator operators in blue

Current operators

 Algeria
  • People's National Army – In April 2016, Russia and Algeria concluded an agreement for the delivery of 300 Russian "Terminators". Deliveries started in 2018.[38][39][40] As of 2023, over 13 have been delivered.[41]
 Kazakhstan
  • Armed Forces of the Republic of Kazakhstan – 10 BMPT units were ordered in 2010 and delivered by Russia from 2011 to 2013.[42] In 2012, an additional 30 BMPTs were selected but may have not yet been ordered by late 2013.[42] As of early 2014, in addition to the purchase of the vehicles, licensed assembly will be implemented with a number of techniques from kits supplied by Russia. This dual production between UralVagonZavod and Kazakhstan was scheduled to open by 2015.[43][44]
 Russia
  • Russian Ground Forces – The first contract was signed in 2017.[45] Deliveries started in March 2018.[46] Entered service in April 2018.[47] 8 in service, at least 1 was destroyed and 2 were damaged during the Russian invasion of Ukraine 2023.[48][49]
 Syria

Failed bids

 Azerbaijan
  • Ka-52 "Alligator" helicopter.[50]
 Peru
  • T-55s by installing the turret of the BMPT. The land forces of the Peruvian army wanted to purchase a new main battle tank in late 2013. According to Uralvagonzavod, the engine, transmission, and suspension of T-55 tank should not be changed if the upgrade takes place. It is also possible to upgrade the powerpack and suspension to increase the level of mobility.[51]

See also

  • BMPT Strazh
  • BMPT-62: Algerian fire support vehicle developed from T-62
  • T-55 Fire Support: Conversion kit for T-55 with the BMPT turret
  • QN-506 Chinese fire support vehicle developed from Type 59
  • T-15 Armata: Russian heavy infantry fighting vehicle
  • Hunter AFV: A networked-capable Singapore Army armored fighting vehicle
  • T-55
    chassis
  • infantry combat vehicle
    based on the T-55 chassis
  • Merkava IV
    chassis
  • infantry combat vehicle
    based on the T-64 chassis

Notes

  1. ^ Width across the tracks
  2. ^ Width across the broad screens
  3. ^ Height of hull excluding the turret
  4. Degtyarev plant, the operational range is actually up to 5800 m for the 9M120 and 9M120F variants[14]

References

  1. ^ a b "BMPT Terminator near Salamiyah, eastern Hama - Album on Imgur". imgur.com. Archived from the original on 21 September 2020. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
  2. ^ a b "Ukraine war: Russia moving the 'Terminator' around city ahead of expected assault, says military expert". Sky News. 18 May 2022. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
  3. ^ "BMPT Tank Support Combat Vehicle - Army Technology". Archived from the original on 2 September 2018.
  4. ^ "The first full-time company BMPT Terminator was formed in the tank division of the Central Military District". Mil.ru (in Russian). 1 December 2021. Archived from the original on 2 December 2021. Retrieved 2 December 2021.
  5. ^ First BMPT tank support vehicle delivered in 2018 to Russian army Archived 21 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine - Armyrecognition.com, 17 January 2018
  6. ^ a b "Putin unleashes Terminator tanks". The Independent. 19 May 2022. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "BMPT "Ramka-99"". btvtnarod.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 24 August 2014. Retrieved 5 August 2014.
  8. ^ Grau, Lester W. (January 1997). "Russian-Manufactured Armored Vehicle Vulnerability in Urban Combat: The Chechnya Experience". Red Thrust Star. Archived from the original on 17 December 2014. Retrieved 17 December 2014.
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  10. ^ a b c d e "BMP-T Russian Military Analysis". warfare.be. Archived from the original on 30 September 2013. Retrieved 5 August 2014.
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  23. ^ "Russia's Military Built a 'Terminator' And Now It's Getting Smart Weapons". Newsweek. 21 June 2018. Archived from the original on 8 October 2018.
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  31. ^ "Russian BMPT "Terminator" Had to Flee Their First Combat in Ukraine | Defense Express". en.defence-ua.com. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
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  33. ^ "Russian BMPT "Terminator" Had to Flee Their First Combat in Ukraine | Defense Express". en.defence-ua.com. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  34. ^ "A video appears to show Ukraine's drones destroying a Russian 'Terminator' in the second confirmed loss of the prized armored vehicle". Business Insider. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  35. ^ Serhiy, Prytula. "FPV-дронами, які були куплені за ваші кошти, бійці групи «MUTANT» ЦСО «А» СБУ нашинкували ворожу піхоту, вразили бойову машину «Тєрмінатор» та спалили БРЕМ". X (formerly Twitter). Retrieved 25 October 2023.
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  38. ^ Dmitry Sudakov (8 September 2017). "Israel and Syria fight for Russian meat-grinding 'Terminator'". pravdareport.com. Archived from the original on 10 August 2018. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
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  41. ^ The Military Balance, 2023, p.315
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  46. ^ "Партию бронемашин "Терминатор-2" передали Минобороны для участия в параде - РИА Новости, 27.03.2018". ria.ru. 27 March 2018. Archived from the original on 10 August 2018. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
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Bibliography

  • Hackett, James; International Institute for Strategic Studies (2023). The military balance. 2023. London.
    OCLC 1372013483.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link
    )

External links

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