Bayburt

Coordinates: 40°15′35″N 40°13′40″E / 40.25972°N 40.22778°E / 40.25972; 40.22778
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Bayburt
Municipality
Bayburt City
Bayburt City
Bayburt is located in Turkey
Bayburt
Bayburt
Location in Turkey
Coordinates: 40°15′35″N 40°13′40″E / 40.25972°N 40.22778°E / 40.25972; 40.22778
CountryTurkey
ProvinceBayburt
DistrictBayburt
Government
 • MayorHükmü Pekmezci (MHP)
Elevation
1,550 m (5,090 ft)
Population
 (2021)[1]
48,036
Time zoneUTC+3 (TRT)
Postal code
69000
Area code0458
Websitewww.bayburt.bel.tr

Bayburt (

Çoruh River. It is the seat of Bayburt Province and Bayburt District.[3] Its population is 48,036 (2021).[1]

Bayburt was once an important center on the ancient Silk Road. It was visited by Marco Polo and Evliya Çelebi. Remains of its medieval castle still exist. There are several historical mosques, Turkish baths, and tombs in the city. There are also ancient historical sites such as the Çatalçeşme Underground Complex and natural wonders like the Sirakayalar Waterfall in the other parts of the province.

Name and etymology

The name of the town was formerly written in

Dede Korkut mentions the city in his book
a couple of times as بايبورد (Bayburd). It is thought that Baydbert consists of two words namely Bayd and Bert. The first one has been discussed so much but true etymon is not clear yet. However, the second one is most probably an Armenian loanword bert (բերդ) "fortress".

History

Bayburt Castle
City Center

Bayburt was a part of

Safavid Persia, and then the Ottoman Turks.[8]

The town was the site of an

princes of Samtskhe. A Christian church within the Bayburt castle was built in the 13th century under the Trapezuntine or Georgian influence.[10]

Bayburt and the surrounding areas are considered to be one of the earliest Turkish settlements in Anatolia.

Armenians.[6]

According to the Qamus al-A'lam (Qāmūsu'l-aˁlām/قاموس الأعلام, “Dictionary of the World”) of

nahiyes. The sanjak had a population of 124.019 people. 108.373 people of the population was Turkish and Muslim, and the rest of the population was Christian, predominantly Armenian.[13]

Inside the Sanjak of Bayburt there were said to be 292

masjid, 176 madrasah, 87 church and monastery, 2 middle school (rushdiye), 108 primary school (sıbyan mektebi).[14]

Geography

Bayburt straddles the

Çoruh amid an open and fertile plateau on the route between Trabzon and Erzurum.[6]

Climate

Bayburt has a continental climate with warm summers and cold winters. Precipitation is fairly frequent most of the year, with a peak in spring. The city gets frequent, but not necessarily heavy snow, the highest snow depth recorded was 110 cm (43.3 inches) in March 1976.

Climate data for Bayburt (1991–2020, extremes 1959–2020)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 10.3
(50.5) 		13.9
(57.0) 		21.2
(70.2) 		25.3
(77.5) 		29.6
(85.3) 		32.9
(91.2) 		37.0
(98.6) 		38.4
(101.1) 		34.0
(93.2) 		28.8
(83.8) 		20.0
(68.0) 		18.2
(64.8) 		38.4
(101.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −0.2
(31.6) 		1.3
(34.3) 		6.9
(44.4) 		13.5
(56.3) 		18.8
(65.8) 		23.7
(74.7) 		27.8
(82.0) 		28.6
(83.5) 		24.2
(75.6) 		17.6
(63.7) 		9.0
(48.2) 		2.1
(35.8) 		14.4
(57.9)
Daily mean °C (°F) −5.4
(22.3) 		−4.2
(24.4) 		1.3
(34.3) 		7.2
(45.0) 		11.9
(53.4) 		15.9
(60.6) 		19.3
(66.7) 		19.5
(67.1) 		15.2
(59.4) 		9.9
(49.8) 		2.7
(36.9) 		−3.0
(26.6) 		7.5
(45.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −9.7
(14.5) 		−8.8
(16.2) 		−3.5
(25.7) 		1.7
(35.1) 		5.8
(42.4) 		8.6
(47.5) 		11.4
(52.5) 		11.6
(52.9) 		7.7
(45.9) 		4.0
(39.2) 		−2.0
(28.4) 		−6.9
(19.6) 		1.7
(35.1)
Record low °C (°F) −31.3
(−24.3) 		−27.6
(−17.7) 		−28.3
(−18.9) 		−12.7
(9.1) 		−4.4
(24.1) 		−1.6
(29.1) 		0.2
(32.4) 		2.4
(36.3) 		−2.1
(28.2) 		−10.6
(12.9) 		−23.6
(−10.5) 		−29.0
(−20.2) 		−31.3
(−24.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 29.3
(1.15) 		32.1
(1.26) 		47.3
(1.86) 		67.5
(2.66) 		78.5
(3.09) 		47.0
(1.85) 		25.9
(1.02) 		16.8
(0.66) 		23.0
(0.91) 		47.1
(1.85) 		31.0
(1.22) 		30.1
(1.19) 		475.6
(18.72)
Average precipitation days 8.33 8.17 10.23 13.87 16.03 10.30 5.30 4.77 5.57 9.07 7.57 8.30 107.5
Source: Turkish State Meteorological Service[15]

Sights

City view near the river.

Nature

Bayburt has several parks and open spaces like ''Aslan dağı Ormanı '' (Lion Mount Forest ) "Gençlik Parkı" (Youth Park), "Şehit Nusret Bahçesi" (Martyr Nusret Gardens), and "Yenişehir Parkı" meaning "New City Park". The city has 535.780 m2 (5,767.09 sq ft) of

nursery areas, where young plants are raised for the forests of Bayburt. Also there are two caves that visitors can see the interesting natural shapes of the stones. These caves are, "Çimağıl Cave" and "Helva Village Ice Cave
".

Castle

Bayburt Fortress.

Bayburt Castle stands on the steep rocks north of Bayburt. It was held by the Bagratuni dynasty in the 9th, 10th, and 11th centuries. It was completely rebuilt by the Saltukid ruler Mugis-al-Din Tugrul Sah between 1200 and 1230, as attested by an inscription in the walls of the castle. The massive size of its walls and the quality of its masonry place it amongst the finest of all the castles in Anatolia but for its destruction by the Russians[9] during the early nineteenth century.[16] Rebuilding was done during the Ottoman period.[9] The castle was inhabited till the destruction[9] of 1829.[6]

Aydıntepe Underground City

Located 45 km (28 mi) from Bayburt, the site consists of rock-cut galleries, vaulted rooms and wider spaces excavated out of natural rock, without using any building material within 2–2.5 metres (6 ft 7 in – 8 ft 2 in) from the surface in the tuff. Vaulted galleries about one meter wide and 2 to 2.5 meters tall are expanding on both sides.[17]

The Dome of Dede Korkut

The Dome of

Dede Korkut is approximately 30 kilometres (19 mi) away from Bayburt, and is located in Masat village.[18] It is located in the middle of village's graveyard, has been hosting plenty of people from many countries including Turkic countries because of Dede Korkut Culture and Art Festival since 1995, and it is held every July. The dome, also known as Ali Baba and Korkut Ata, was restored in 1994, and it was released to the public. It has gained importance after has been included in the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity of UNESCO in November 2018.[19]

Baksı Museum

Baksı Museum.

The Baksı Museum stands near the Black Sea, 45 km (28 mi) from Bayburt on a hilltop overlooking the Çoruh Valley. Rising in what used to be called Baksı and is now the village of Bayraktar, this unusual museum offers contemporary art and traditional handicrafts side by side under one roof.[20]

Sport

There is a professional football stadium in the city and many private astroturfed sites. The local football club in Bayburt is Bayburt Özel İdarespor, which currently competes in the TFF Second League.[21] Şalcilarspor played in the Third League between 1986 and 1988.

There are many indoor swimming pools in Bayburt, among them the semi-olympic swimming pool is the most notable one. It is located in the city center opposite of the Yenişehir Park. The pool water is kept at the same temperature in summer and winter so that the users can enjoy the pool in the best possible way.

The city also hosts winter sport activities, such as skiing. Ski resorts are located away from the city center.

Education

Bayburt University is located roughly one kilometer away from the center of the city, the university has several faculties such as Engineering, Arts and Sciences, and Administrative Sciences. The university also contains a guest house (Turkish: konukevi). There are several vocational schools.

Transportation

Bayburt Bus Terminal, located in the south of the city, is the main transportation hub of Bayburt.

Notable people

Twin cities

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Turkey

Bayburt is

twinned
with:

See also

Notes

  1. ^
    TÜİK
    . Retrieved 30 January 2023.
  2. ^ a b http://www.vehi.net/istoriya/armenia/khorenaci/02.html; The “History of Armenia” by Movses Khorenatsi, Yerevan, 1990 (in Russian).
  3. ^ İl Belediyesi, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
  4. ^ Miroğlu, İsmet. "BAYBURT". TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi. Archived from the original on 7 June 2020. Retrieved 1 July 2020.
  5. ^ a b c d e EB (1878).
  6. ^ a b c d e f g EB (1911).
  7. ^ a b "Bayburt". nisanyanmap.com. Retrieved 1 February 2023.
  8. ^ "BAYBURT". TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi (in Turkish). Retrieved 2023-12-14.
  9. ^
    ISBN 9780907132325
    .
  10. ISBN 978-2-36245-002-0
    .
  11. ^ "BAYBURT". TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi (in Turkish). Retrieved 2023-09-30.
  12. ^ Hamilton, William J. (1842). Researches in Asia Minor, Pontus, and Armenia. Murray. pp. 231–233..
  13. ^ Frashëri, Sami (1898). "بايبورد (Bayburd)". Ḳāmusu'l-ˁAlām. Istanbul: Mihran. p. 430.
  14. ^ Frashëri, (Shemseddin) Sami (1896). Kamus-ül alâm: tarih ve coğrafya lûgati ve tabir-i esahhiyle kâffe-yi esma-yi hassa-yi camidir (قاموس الأعلام). Istanbul: Mihran Matbaası.
  15. ^ "Resmi İstatistikler: İllerimize Ait Mevism Normalleri (1991–2020)" (in Turkish). Turkish State Meteorological Service. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
  16. ^ David Winfield, "A Note on the South-Eastern Borders of the Empire of Trebizond in the Thirteenth Century", Anatolian Studies, 12 (1962), p. 166
  17. ^ "Aydıntepe Yeraltı Şehri". www.aydintepeyeraltisehri.com. Retrieved 2016-12-06.
  18. ^ "DEDEKORKUT". www.bayburt.gov.tr. Retrieved 2020-07-01.
  19. ^ "Intangible Heritage: Nine elements inscribed on Representative List". UNESCO. 2018-11-28. Retrieved 2020-07-01.
  20. ^ "Baksı Müzesi". en.baksi.org. Retrieved 2016-12-06.
  21. ^ "AN ZENTRUM BAYBURT ÖZEL İDARE SPOR - Club Details TFF".
  22. ^ Sözlüğü, Türk Edebiyatı İsimler. "AĞLAR BABA/BAKİ/BAKİ BABA/AĞLAR/AĞLAR GÜLMEZ/İRŞÂDÎ, İrşâdî". teis.yesevi.edu.tr. Retrieved 2020-07-01.

References

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