Nationalist Movement Party

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Nationalist Movement Party
Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi
SloganÜlkenin Geleceğine Oy Ver
("Vote for the Country's Future")
Grand National Assembly
49 / 600
Metropolitan municipalities
0 / 30
Provinces
8 / 51
District municipalities
122 / 973
Belde Municipalities
98 / 390
Metropolitan municipality
councillors
237 / 2,591
Provincial councillors
188 / 1,251
Municipal Assemblies
2,819 / 20,498
Party flag
Flag of the Nationalist Movement Party
Website
www.mhp.org.tr Edit this at Wikidata

The Nationalist Movement Party (alternatively translated as Nationalist Action Party;

political party. The group is often described as neo-fascist, and has been linked to violent paramilitaries and organized crime groups. Its leader is Devlet Bahçeli
.

The party was formed in 1969 by former

Turkish nationalist political agenda throughout the latter half of the 20th century. Devlet Bahçeli took over after Türkeş's death in 1997. The party's youth wing is the Grey Wolves (Bozkurtlar) organization, which is also known as the "Nationalist Hearths" (Ülkü Ocakları) which played one of the biggest roles during the political violence in Turkey in the 1970s.[citation needed
]

Alparslan Türkeş founded the party after criticizing the

election threshold and lost all of its parliamentary representation after the newly formed Justice and Development Party
(AKP) won a plurality.

After the

a minority government
led by the AKP.

History

MHP Headquarters in Balgat, Ankara

Before 1980

In 1965, nationalist politician and ex-

NATO, founded the Turkish Gladio Special Warfare Department, gained control of the conservative rural Republican Villagers Nation Party (Turkish: Cumhuriyetçi Köylü Millet Partisi, CKMP). During an Extraordinary Great Congress held at Adana in Turkey on 1969, Türkeş changed the name of the party to the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) and with the support of Dündar Taşer, a party logo depicting the three crescent was elected.[32]

The MHP embraced Turkish nationalism, and under the leadership of Türkeş, militias connected to the party were responsible for

mythology, claimed that they had an intelligence organization that was superior to the state's own.[34]

On the other hand, MHP had links to the Aydınlar Ocağı (AO; "Hearth of Intellectuals"), a right-wing think tank launched in 1970 by established university professors, which served as a connecting link between secular-conservative, nationalist and Islamic rightists, promoting the ideology of Turkish-Islamic synthesis. AO's ideas, which have been compared to those of the French Nouvelle Droite, had a determining influence on MHP's programmes and served to lend the far-right party a more legitimate, respectable appearance.[35]

The MHP won enough seats in the

Revolutionary Left (Turkish: Devrimci Sol or Dev Sol) in front of his home.[36]

When the Turkish army

Islamist parties. Party member, Agah Oktay Güner
, noted that the party's ideology was in power while its members were in prison.

Re-establishment

The party was reformed in 1983 under the name "Conservative Party" (

Great Union Party, which is an Islamist party.[37]

Devlet Bahçeli

After Türkeş's death,

election threshold and lost all of its parliamentary representation after the newly formed Justice and Development Party
(AKP) won a plurality.

After the

a minority government led by the AKP, and has 48 MPs in the Turkish Parliament.[39][40]

Ideology

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The MHP represents the

Turkish-Islamic synthesis.[49]

Opposition to the HDP

Flags of political parties before the Turkish municipal elections in Şile, Turkey. The most visible ones are MHP and AKP (Justice and Development Party) flags.

Due to their ideological differences, the MHP is strongly opposed to any form of dialogue with the left-wing pro-Kurdish Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP), which Devlet Bahçeli has often opposed by voting against in Parliament. A notable example was in the June–July 2015 parliamentary speaker elections, where the MHP declared that they would not support any candidate and cast blank votes after the HDP announced support for the Republican People's Party (CHP) candidate Deniz Baykal. The MHP also ruled out any prospect of a coalition government that receives support from the HDP after the June 2015 general election resulted in a hung parliament, even rejecting CHP leader Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu's offer of Bahçeli becoming Prime Minister in such a coalition.[50] MHP deputy leader Celal Adan claimed that 'even using our party's name in the same sentence as the HDP will be counted as cruelty by us.'[51]

In early September 2015, the MHP and the HDP both voted against the new

interim election government ministers from taking their oaths of office, causing speculation of whether the MHP was dropping their harsh stance against the HDP.[52] However, Semih Yalçın downplayed any notions of an alliance between the two parties, stating that "a broken clock will still show the correct time once a day, the HDP can sometimes take a correct decision in Parliament. Showing this as a 'MHP-HDP coalition' is a deliberate diversion."[53] In 2021 Bahçeli has demanded the closure of the HDP in several speeches, a move that is considered un-democratic and authoritarian.[54][55]

Economic policies

During the June 2015 Turkish general election, the MHP announced a new economic manifesto. The MHP promised to improve the situation of Turkey's working poor by lifting taxes on diesel and fertiliser, raising the net minimum wage to $518, giving a $37 transportation subsidy to every minimum wage worker, and giving those who cannot afford a house an additional $92 per month in rental aid. The MHP said these policies would allow a minimum wage earner living in a big city to earn as much an extra $646 annually.

The MHP stated that their economic policies would create 700,000 jobs, increase the national income per person to $13.3K, and increase exports to $238 billion while keeping annual growth at 5.2 percent between 2016 and 2019, although this did not occur, as the

USD in 2014 to 9,126 in 2019.[56][57][58]

Controversies

In July 2015, amidst

Sultanahmet Square.[59] In an interview with Turkish columnist Ahmet Hakan, MHP leader Devlet Bahçeli played the attacks down,[60] stating that "These are young kids. They may have been provoked. Plus, how are you going to differentiate between Korean and Chinese? They both have slanted eyes. Does it really matter?"[61] Bahceli's remarks, including a banner reading "We crave Chinese blood" at the Ülkücü Istanbul headquarters, caused an uproar in both Turkish and international media.[61]

Party leaders

# Leader
(birth–death) 		Portrait Constituency Took office Left office
1 Alparslan Türkeş
(1917–1997) 		Ankara (1965)
Adana (1969, 1973, 1977)
Yozgat (1991) 		8 February 1969 4 April 1997
– Muhittin Çolak (acting) 5 April 1997 6 July 1997
2 Devlet Bahçeli
(1948–)
Osmaniye (1999, 2007, 2011, Jun/Nov 2015, 2018) 		6 July 1997 Incumbent

Election results

General elections

Flags of political parties before the Turkish municipal elections in Şile, Istanbul, March 2009
The MHP holding its electoral rally in Ankara, May 2015
Grand National Assembly of Turkey
Election date Party leader Number of votes received Percentage of votes Number of deputies Position
1969 Alparslan Türkeş 274,225 3.02%
3 / 450
 Opposition
1973 362,208 3.38%
3 / 450
 Opposition
1977 951,544 6.42%
16 / 450
 Coalition government
1983 Party closed following the 1980 Turkish coup d'état and succeeded by the Nationalist Task Party (1985–93). MHP was re-established in 1993.
1987
1991
1995[62] Alparslan Türkeş 2,301,343 8.18%
0 / 550
 Extra-parliamentary opposition
1999[63] Devlet Bahçeli 5,606,634 17.98%
129 / 550
 Coalition government
2002[64] 2,629,808 8.35%
0 / 550
 Extra-parliamentary opposition
2007[65] 5,001,869 14.27%
71 / 550
 Opposition
2011[66] 5,585,513 13.01%
53 / 550
 Opposition
June 2015 7,516,480 16.29%
80 / 550
 Opposition
November 2015 5,599,600 11.90%
40 / 550
 Opposition
2018 5,565,331 11.10%
49 / 600
 Providing confidence and supply
2023 5,413,560 10.14%
50 / 600
 Providing confidence and supply

Senate elections

Senate of the Republic (1960–1980)
Election date Party leader Number of votes received Percentage of votes Number of senators
1973
 Alparslan Türkeş 114,662 2.7%
0 / 52
1975
 170,357 3.2%
0 / 54
1977
 326,967 6.8%
0 / 50
1979
 312,241 6.1%
1 / 50

Local elections

Election date Party leader Provincial council votes Percentage of votes Number of municipalities Map
1973 Alparslan Türkeş 133,089 1.33%
5 / 1,640
1977 819,136 6.62%
55 / 1,730
1984 Party closed following the 1980 Turkish coup d'état and succeeded by the Nationalist Task Party (1985–93). MHP was re-established in 1993.
1989
1994 Alparslan Türkeş 2,239,117 7.95%
118 / 2,710
1999 Devlet Bahçeli 5,401,597 17.17%
499 / 3,215
2004 3,372,249 10.45%
247 / 3,193
2009 6,386,279 15.97%
483 / 2,903
2014 7,399,119 17.82%
166 / 1,351
2019 3,209,416 7.46%
233 / 1,355
2024 2,297,662 4.99%
130 / 1,363

See also

References

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Further reading

  • Arıkan, E. Burak (1999). The Programme of the Nationalist Action Party: An Iron Hand in a Velvet Glove?. Frank Cass. pp. 120–134. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  • Arıkan, Ekin Burak (2012). Turkish extreme right in office: whither democracy and democratization?. Routledge. pp. 225–238. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  • Başkan, Filiz (January 2006). "Globalization and Nationalism: The Nationalist Action Party of Turkey". Nationalism and Ethnic Politics. 12 (1): 83–105.
    S2CID 145620087
    .

External links

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