Beba Veche

Coordinates: 46°8′N 20°19′E / 46.133°N 20.317°E / 46.133; 20.317
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Beba Veche
Óbéba
Commune
Coat of arms of Beba Veche
Coat of arms
Location in Timiș County
Location in Timiș County
Beba Veche is located in Romania
Beba Veche
Beba Veche
Location in Romania
Coordinates: 46°8′N 20°19′E / 46.133°N 20.317°E / 46.133; 20.317
CountryRomania
CountyTimiș
Government
 • Mayor (2020–2024) Ioan Bohăncanu[1] (PSD)
Area
[2]
94.04 km2 (36.31 sq mi)
Elevation
80 m (260 ft)
Population
 (2021-12-01)[3]
1,328
 • Density14/km2 (37/sq mi)
Time zoneEET/EEST (UTC+2/+3)
Postal code
307035–307037
Vehicle reg.TM
Websitewww.primariabebaveche.ro

Beba Veche (Hungarian: Óbéb; German: Altbeba; Serbian: Стара Беба, romanized: Stara Beba) is a commune in Timiș County. It is composed of three villages: Beba Veche (commune seat), Cherestur and Pordeanu. Beba Veche is the westernmost settlement in Romania.

Geography

Located in the eastern part of the

Torontal Plain, at an average altitude of 80 m (260 ft).[5] The nearest settlement is Kübekháza in Hungary, about 1.5 km (0.93 mi) away, to which Beba Veche was connected in the past by a direct road. The nearest town is Sânnicolau Mare, 34 km (21 mi) away. The distance by road to Timișoara is 100 km (62 mi); Szeged 88 km (55 mi); Bucharest 641 km (398 mi); Budapest 260 km (160 mi); Belgrade 239 km (149 mi); Vienna 492 km (306 mi); and Subotica 100 km (62 mi). The only access road to Beba Veche is the county road DJ682 Sânnicolau Mare–Beba Veche. The closest railway station is Dudeștii Vechi
, some 26 km (16 mi) away.

Climate

Beba Veche is dominated by a moderate

Carpathians that prevent cold air from northeast and allow hot air from southwest and west.[5] This makes winters milder, with a positive mean temperature (0.3 °C or 32.5 °F). The mean annual temperature is 10.8 °C (51.4 °F).[5] The mean multiannual amount of precipitation is 536.5 mm (21.12 in), with the most abundant precipitation in May and June (23–25% of the mean annual amount); rainfall oscillations are rather high from one year to another (with a limit of 250 mm (9.8 in)); crops are stressed by excess moisture particularly during the first part of vegetation, while during the latter vegetation period (after August) humidity is insufficient.[5]

History

Beba Veche is one of the oldest settlements in Banat. Archaeological discoveries have led Swabian historiographer Felix Milleker to conclude that it dates back to the Stone Age.[6] Judging by the tumuli discovered here, it can be said that it dates at least from the time of the Agathyrsi (6th century BC).[7] Historian Nicolae Ilieșiu [ro] claims that until the 5th century, it was called Vitoliu, after the name of the Roman emperor Vitellius.[7]

The first document attesting Beba Veche dates from 1247, during the reign of Béla IV of Hungary. It was mentioned as Béb in a chronicle preserved at the Museum of History in Cluj-Napoca.[8] The settlement was originally owned by the Csanád clan; the name comes from one of the family members.[9] At the end of the 13th century, due to repeated attacks of the Cumans, the village was depopulated.[9] According to the Turkish census of 1557–1558, only 15 houses inhabited by Hungarians were registered in the settlement.[9] In 1647, Rascian shepherds began to settle here, but they did not stay here for a long time either.[9] After the Treaty of Passarowitz and the establishment of Austrian rule in Banat, it seems that Beba Veche was no longer inhabited, because on Mercy's map from 1723 to 1725, Beba is no longer mentioned.[6]

The district of Csanád with Beba in the lower left in the Josephinische Landesaufnahme of 1769–1772

In 1773, the

Valcani, forming the village of Battyánháza, a name given in honor of the count-bishop. In time, the village merged with Beba Veche.[9]

After the establishment of the Austro-Hungarian dualism in 1867, the administration of the commune was ensured by the servants of the Court. Among other things, the loss of the cultural identity of the Romanians in the commune was sought, by imposing the Hungarianization of the name and surname.[10] This lasted until after World War I. Towards the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, many inhabitants emigrated to America, and some of them returned with important capitals, helping economic development.

After World War I, according to the

Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes was given Beba Veche, but in 1924, it was transferred to Romania, following a protocol concluded between Romania and Yugoslavia on 24 November 1923 for the rectification of the border.[11]

Demographics

Ethnic composition (2011)[12]

  Romanians (61.79%)
  Hungarians (32.36%)
  Germans (1.3%)
  Roma (1.17%)
  Unknown (3.18%)
  Others (0.2%)

Religious composition (2011)[13]

  
Reformed
(1.95%)
  Unknown (3.38%)
  Others (1.56%)

Beba Veche had a population of 1,539 inhabitants at the 2011 census, down 4% from the 2002 census. Most inhabitants are

Reformed (1.95%). For 3.38% of the population, religious affiliation is unknown.[13]

Census[14] Ethnic composition
Year Population Romanians Hungarians Germans Roma
1880 4,576 1,838 2,212 507 –
1890 4,930 2,018 2,366 491 –
1900 5,065 2,126 2,461 437 –
1910 4,182 1,854 1,819 417 –
1920 1,039[a] 66 918 34 –
1930 4,009 1,649 1,864 359 49
1941 3,655 1,452 1,721 351 –
1956 2,766 1,156 1,370 175 22
1966 2,427 1,092 1,161 134 1
1977 2,142 988 985 90 41
1992 1,625 898 640 19 47
2002[15] 1,600 979 567 19 30
2011 1,539 951 498 20 18

Economy

Bridge in Beba Veche
Ottoman era brigde in Beba Veche

The main area of the economy is

swine, and poultry due to the grain crops and sheep due to the pastures representing 11% of the agricultural land.[5]

In 2007, in the commune of Beba Veche, there were 14 firms with a turnover of 2,401,875 lei, which places Beba Veche within the communes with a low degree of economic development.[16]

Notes

  1. ^ Data on the populations of Battyánháza, Beba Veche and Cherestur missing

References

  1. ^ "Results of the 2020 local elections". Central Electoral Bureau. Retrieved 16 June 2021.
  2. ^ "Informații generale". Primăria comunei Beba Veche.
  3. ^ "Populaţia rezidentă după grupa de vârstă, pe județe și municipii, orașe, comune, la 1 decembrie 2021" (XLS). National Institute of Statistics.
  4. ^ Ghinea, Dan (2000). Enciclopedia geografică a României (2nd ed.). Editura Enciclopedică. p. 127.
  5. ^ a b c d e f Comloșan, Denisa Amelia; Dincu, Ana Mariana; Mănescu, Camelia Maria (2017). "A monographic analysis of Beba Veche, Timiș County, Romania". Lucrări Științifice. 19 (3): 227–232.
  6. ^ a b Lotreanu, Ioan (1935). Monografia Banatului. Timișoara: Institutul de Arte Grafice "Țara".
  7. ^
    ISBN 973-7608-65-8
    .
  8. ^ Szabó, M. Attila (2003). Erdély, Bánság és Partium történeti és közigazgatási helységnévtára. Miercurea Ciuc: Pro-Print Kiadó.
  9. ^ a b c d e f Borovszky, Samu (1912). Magyarország vármegyéi és városai. Budapest: Országos Monográfia Társaság.
  10. ^ a b "Istorie". Primăria comunei Beba Veche.
  11. ISBN 973-675-278-X
    .
  12. ^ a b "Tab8. Populația stabilă după etnie – județe, municipii, orașe, comune". Institutul Național de Statistică. Archived from the original on 2016-01-18. Retrieved 2021-09-04.
  13. ^ a b "Tab13. Populația stabilă după religie – județe, municipii, orașe, comune". Institutul Național de Statistică. Archived from the original on 2020-08-07. Retrieved 2021-09-04.
  14. ^ Varga, E. Árpád. "Temes megye településeinek etnikai (anyanyelvi/nemzetiségi) adatai 1880-1992" (PDF).
  15. ^ "Beba Veche / Óbéb / Altbeba". Structura etno-demografică a României. Centrul de Resurse pentru Diversitate Etnoculturală.
  16. ^ a b "Comuna Beba Veche". Enciclopedia României.
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