Cecil B. Moore

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This article is about the Philadelphia lawyer and civil rights activist. For the neighborhood in Philadelphia, see Cecil B. Moore, Philadelphia. For the Broad Street Line SEPTA station, see Cecil B. Moore station.
Cecil B. Moore
Member of the Philadelphia City Council from the 5th District
In office
January 5, 1976 – February 13, 1979
Preceded byEthel D. Allen
Succeeded byJohn Street
Personal details
Born(1915-04-02)April 2, 1915
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Alma materBluefield State University
Temple University
Military service
AllegianceUnited States
Branch/serviceMarine
Battles/warsWorld War II

Cecil Bassett Moore (April 2, 1915 – February 13, 1979) was an American lawyer, politician and

civil rights activist who served as president of the Philadelphia NAACP chapter and as a member of Philadelphia's city council.[1] He led protests to desegregate Girard College
.

Early life and education

Moore was born in 1915 in

U.S. Marine Corps during World War II. In 1947, after his discharge at Fort Mifflin, he moved to Philadelphia and studied law at Temple University and received his law degree in 1953. Moore attended school at night and financed his studies with a job as a liquor wholesaler.[2]

Career

Moore cultivated ties with the bar owners to whom he sold his wares and they became an important basis for his political constituency later in his career. He earned a reputation as a no-nonsense lawyer who fought on behalf of his mostly poor, African-American clients concentrated in

City Council.[3]

An advocate of militant protest, Moore organized demonstrations against workplace discrimination at construction sites in Philadelphia in 1963 and 1964,

Columbia Avenue riot
of 1964.

Moore's aggressive manner and confrontational tactics alienated many leaders, black and white, including many within the NAACP who preferred negotiation "behind closed doors" over direct action. He was a fierce critic of established civil rights leaders in Philadelphia, including lawyers

A. Leon Higginbotham and Raymond Pace Alexander, and led a successful insurgency to take over the NAACP branch in 1963.[6] Moore recruited NAACP members in working-class neighborhoods, but his harsh criticism of the black bourgeoisie and of white philanthropists led to a decline in their support for the branch under his leadership.[7] The rifts brought friction with the national NAACP which undercut Moore's power by splitting the Philadelphia chapter into three sub-branches.[2]

Moore also gravitated toward black power in the mid-1960s. He acknowledged how his military service shaped his grassroots activism: "I was determined when I got back [from World War II combat] that what rights I didn't have I was going to take, using every weapon in the arsenal of democracy. After nine years in the Marine Corps, I don't intend to take another order from any son of a bitch that walks."[citation needed] Moore actively discouraged Martin Luther King Jr. from visiting Philadelphia [8] and he was one of the first civil rights leaders to have welcomed Malcolm X's growing role in the national movement.[9]

Moore's fiery rhetoric and confrontational style helped him cultivate a working-class constituency which enabled him to run independent black political campaigns outside the white establishment and traditional

Columbia Avenue in Moore's honor.[11]

Over time, appreciation for Moore has grown beyond the working poor with whom he long enjoyed popularity, and he is cited as a pivotal figure in the fields of social justice and race relations.[12]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Branch History". The Free Library of Philadelphia. Archived from the original on October 1, 2010. Retrieved November 23, 2010.
  2. ^ a b c Borden, Sara A. "Moore, Cecil B." www.northerncity.library.temple.edu. Temple University Libraries. Retrieved 21 January 2023.
  3. ^ Willis, Arthur C., Cecil's City: A History of Blacks in Philadelphia, 1638-1979, Carlton Press, 1990.
  4. ^ Countryman, Matthew, Up South: Civil Rights and Black Power in Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2005.
  5. ^ The Desegregation of Girard College, [1], Civil Rights in a Northern City, Temple University Libraries.
  6. ^ Sugrue, Thomas J., The 'Goddamned Boss: Cecil B. Moore, Philadelphia, and the Reshaping of Black Urban Politics, in Arsenault, Raymond and Orville Vernon Burton, Dixie Redux: Essays in Honor of Sheldon Hackney, New South Press, 2013.
  7. ^ Countryman, Matthew, Up South: Civil Rights and Black Power in Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2005.
  8. ^ Garrow, David, Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King, Jr., and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, Open Road Media, 2015
  9. ^ Clayborne Carson, Malcolm X: The FBI File Skyhorse Publishing, 2013, p. 37.
  10. ^ Countryman, Matthew, Up South: Civil Rights and Black Power in Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2005.
  11. ^ Goss, Scott. "City". News and Opinion. Philadelphia Weekly. Archived from the original on January 31, 2013. Retrieved February 14, 2012.
  12. ^ Early, Gerald, This is Where I Came In: Black America in the 1960s, University of Nebraska Press, 2003

External links

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