Chikuzen Province

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Map of Japanese provinces (1868) with Chikuzen Province highlighted

Chikuzen Province (筑前国, Chikuzen-no kuni) was a

Chikushū (筑州) (a name which it shared with Chikugo Province), although it was also called Chikuyo (筑陽). In terms of the Gokishichidō system, Chikuzen was one of the provinces of the Saikaidō circuit. Under the Engishiki
classification system, Chikuzen was ranked as one of the "superior countries" (上国) in terms of importance, and one of the "far countries" (遠国) in terms of distance from the capital.

Hiroshige ukiyo-e "Chikuzen" in "The Famous Scenes of the Sixty States" (六十余州名所図会), depicting the Hakozaki in Chkuzen Province in 1855

History

Ancient

Taika Reforms and the establishment of the Ritsuryō
system in 701, Tsukushi Province was divided into Chikuzen and Chikugo Provinces.

The kokufu of Chikuzen is believed to have been located in what is now part of the city of Dazaifu, although its exact location has not yet been discovered. The ruins of the Chikuzen Kokubun-ji are located in the same area, and are a National Historic Site. The ichinomiya of Chikuzen Province is Sumiyoshi Shrine, located in Hakata-ku, Fukuoka, although the early records of the province indicate that Hakozaki Shrine was the ichinomiya. [2]

At the end of the 13th century, Chikuzen was the landing point for a Mongol invasion force. But the main force was destroyed by a typhoon (later called kamikaze).

In April 1336,

Go-Daigo. The Shoni were defeated, which led to the suicide of several clan members, including their leader Shoni Sadatsune.[3]

Chikuzen in the

Meiji restoration
.

Bakumatsu period domains
Name Clan Type kokudaka
Fukuoka Kuroda Tozama 523,000 koku
Akizuki Kuroda Tozama 50,000 koku

In the

Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.[4] However, the name of the province continued to exist for some purposes. For example, Chikuzen is explicitly recognized in treaties in 1894 (a) between Japan and the United States and (b) between Japan and the United Kingdom.[5] It also persists in features such as the Chikuhō Main Line (JR Kyushu) and stations Chikuzen Habu and Chikuzen Ueki. The adjacent Haruda Line includes Chikuzen Uchino and Chikuzen Yamae
stations, reflecting the region in the time the rail networks were established.

Per the early

Meiji period Kyudaka kyuryo Torishirabe-chō (旧高旧領取調帳), an official government assessment of the nation's resources, Chikuzen Province had 862 villages with a total kokudaka of 633,434 koku
. Chikuzen Province consisted of:

Districts of Chikugo Province
District kokudaka villages Controlled by Notes
Kasuya District]] (糟屋郡) 62,854 koku 85 villages Fukuoka
Munakata District (宗像郡) 56,306 koku 60 villages Fukuoka dissolved
Onga District (遠賀郡) 54,956 koku 85 villages Fukuoka
Kurate District (鞍手郡) 60,628 koku 68 villages Fukuoka
Honami District (穂波郡) 38,103 koku 61 villages Fukuoka, Akizuki merged with Kama District to become Kaho District (嘉穂郡) on February 26, 1896
Kama District (嘉麻郡) 56,306 koku 60 villages Fukuoka, Akizuki merged with Honami District to become Kaho District on February 26, 1896
Johza District (上座郡) 25,596 koku 34 villages Fukuoka merged with Geza and Yasu Districts to become Asakura District (朝倉郡) on February 26, 1896
Geza District (下座郡) 21,436 koku 44 villages Fukuoka, Akizuki merged with Johza and Yasu Districts to become Asakura District (朝倉郡) on February 26, 1896
Yasu District (夜須郡) 40,286 koku 54 villages Fukuoka, Akizuki merged with Geza and Johza Districts to become Asakura District on February 26, 1896
Mikasa District (御笠郡) 37,512 koku 57 villages Fukuoka merged with Mushiroda and Naka Districts to become Chikushi District (筑紫郡) on February 26, 1896
Naka District (那珂郡) 42,611 koku 70 villages Fukuoka merged with Mikasa and Mushiroda Districts to become Chikushi District on February 26, 1896
Mushiroda District (席田郡) 9,899 koku 9 villages Fukuoka merged with Mikasa and Naka Districts to become Chikushi District on February 26, 1896
Sawara District (早良郡) 45,153 koku 53 villages Fukuoka dissolved
Shima District (早良郡) 44,058 koku 48 villages Fukuoka merged with Ito District to become Itoshima District on February 26, 1896
Ito District (怡土郡郡) 47,681 koku 71 villages Fukuoka merged with Shima District to become Itoshima District (糸島郡) on February 26, 1896

Gallery

  • Sumiyoshi, the ichinomiya of the province
    Sumiyoshi, the ichinomiya of the province
  • Site of the Chikuzen Kokubun-ji
    Site of the Chikuzen Kokubun-ji
  • Site of Dazaifu
    Site of Dazaifu
  • Fukuoka Castle
    Fukuoka Castle
  • Kuroda Nagatomo, final daimyō of Fukuoka Domain
    Kuroda Nagatomo, final daimyō of Fukuoka Domain

Notes

  1. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Chikuzen" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 114, p. 114, at Google Books
    .
  2. ^ "Nationwide List of Ichinomiya," p. 3 Archived May 17, 2013, at the Wayback Machine; retrieved 2012-10-26.
  3. ISBN 0804705259
    .
  4. ^ Nussbaum, "Provinces and prefectures" at p. 780.
  5. ^ US Department of State. (1906). A digest of international law as embodied in diplomatic discussions, treaties and other international agreements (John Bassett Moore, ed.), Vol. 5, p. 759.

References

External links

Media related to Chikuzen Province at Wikimedia Commons

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