China Railways JF6
China Railways JF6 (解放6) Mantetsu Mikaro class (ミカロ) Manchukuo National Mikaro class (ミカロ) North China Mikaro class (ミカロ) Korean State Railway Migayu class (미가유) Korean National RR Mika6 class (미카6) Vietnam Railways Giải Phóng 6 class | |
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Total produced | ~475 (1934−1959) |
Specifications | |
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Configuration: | |
• Whyte | 2-8-2 |
Gauge | 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) |
Driver dia. | 1,370 mm (54 in) |
Length | 21,200 mm (69 ft 7 in) |
Height | 4,244 mm (13 ft 11.1 in) |
Adhesive weight | Mikasa: 64.10 t (63.09 long tons) Mikaro: 66.26 t (65.21 long tons) |
Loco weight | Mikasa: 146.77 t (144.45 long tons) |
Tender weight | Mikasa: 87.10 t (85.72 long tons) Mikaro: 88.29 t (86.90 long tons) |
Tender cap. | 9.60 t (9.4 long tons) (coal), 24 m3 (6,300 US gal) (water) |
Firebox: | |
• Grate area | Mikasa: 4.07 m2 (43.8 sq ft) Mikaro: 4.57 m2 (49.2 sq ft) |
Boiler pressure | 14.0 kgf/cm2 (199 psi) |
Cylinders | 2 |
Cylinder size | 530 mm × 710 mm (21 in × 28 in) bore x stroke |
Performance figures | |
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Maximum speed | 80 km/h (50 mph) |
Power output | 1,258 hp (938 kW) (at wheels) |
Tractive effort | 240.3 kN (54,000 lbf) |
Career | |
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Operators | South Manchuria Railway Manchukuo National Railway North China Transport China Railway Korean State Railway Korean National Railroad Vietnam Railways |
Class | SMR: ミカサ (Mikasa), ミカロ (Mikaro) MNR: ミカロ (Mikaro) NCTC: ミカロ (Mikaro) CR: ㄇㄎ陸 (MK6; 1951−59) CR: 解放6 (JF6; 1959−end) KSR: 미가유 (Migayu)/6600 srs KNR: 미카6 (Mika6) VR: Giải Phóng 6 |
Number in class | SMR: 43 (Mikasa), 58 (Mikaro) MNR: 48 (國小ミカ), 171 (新國小ミカ) NCTC: ~120 CR: ~475 KSR: ~78 KNR: 5 VR: ~60 |
Numbers | see text |
The China Railways JF6 (解放6, Jiěfàng, "liberation") class steam locomotive was a class of 2-8-2 steam locomotives for freight trains operated by the China Railway. They were originally built in Japan and Manchukuo between 1934 and 1944 for the South Manchuria Railway (Mantetsu), the Manchukuo National Railway, and the North China Transportation Company.
History
Mantetsu Mikasa class (ミカサ)
Needing a replacement for the
26 of the design were built in the same year for the Manchukuo National, which designated them Mikaro (ミカロ) class. Numbered 6600 through 6625, these were known as the "National Small Mika" (國小ミカ), distinguishing them from the Mikana-class "National Big Mika" (国大ミカ) introduced the previous year. After some modifications to the design, another 22 were built in 1935 for the Manchukuo National; these were known as the "New National Small Mika" (新國小ミカ) and were numbered 6626 through 6647.
Under the unified classification system of 1938, the Mantetsu Mikasa and Mikaro classes, and the Manchukuo National Mikaro classes were grouped together and classified Mikaro class.[1]
Owner | Class & numbers (1934–1938) |
Class & numbers (1938–1945) |
Builder | Year | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mantetsu | ミカサ1400–ミカサ1442 | ミカロ1–ミカロ43 | 1934 | Last 22 built with sloped tenders for shunting duties. | |
Manchukuo National | ミカロ6600–ミカロ6625 | ミカロ501–ミカロ526 | Kawasaki, Kisha Seizō, Hitachi, Nippon Sharyō |
1934 | "National Small Mika" (國小ミカ) |
Manchukuo National | ミカロ6626–ミカロ6647 | ミカロ527–ミカロ548 | Kawasaki, Kisha Seizō, Hitachi, Nippon Sharyō |
1935 | "New National Small Mika" (新國小ミカ) |
Mantetsu Mikaro class (ミカロ)
To operate on its North Chosen Line in the north-eastern part of Korea, Mantetsu ordered a number of locomotives designed to burn the low-calorie lignite found in abundance in Korea. To accomplish this, the area of the firegrate was increased by 0.5 m2 (5.4 sq ft) as compared to that of the Mikasa class. Along with the Puresa-class 2-6-2 tank locomotives and the Pashisa-class 4-6-2 passenger locomotives, Mantetsu's Mikaro (ミカロ) class formed the backbone of the power in use on the North Chosen Line. Although the Mikaro class was based on the Mikasa design, care was taken during the design process to maximise the number of parts shared between the Mikaro and Pashisa class locomotives.[2]
The Mikaro class entered production in 1935, with 22 being built between then and 1938, for use on the North Chosen Line. As more were built after 1938, they were put into service on other Mantetsu lines as well, and between 1935 and 1944, a total of 58, initially numbered 1480 through 1499, 11400, and 11401, were built for Mantetsu by Kawasaki, Kisha Seizo, Nippon Sharyo, Mantetsu's
The Manchukuo National also ordered the new design with the larger firegrate, taking delivery of 171 between 1936 and 1944. Like the
In addition to the five diverted from the Manchukuo National, 72 Mikaro class locomotives were built by Kisha Seizō for North China Transport in 1938−1939 and 1943−1944; North China Transport operated over 100 locomotives of the class.[1]
A number of Mikaro-class locomotives were loaned to the
Owner | Class & numbers (1934–1938) |
Class & numbers (1938–1945) |
Builder | Year | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mantetsu | ミカロ1480–ミカロ1499 ミカロ11400−ミカロ11401 |
ミカロ44–ミカロ101 | Kawasaki, Kisha Seizō, Hitachi, Nippon Sharyō, Shahekou , Dalian Machine |
1935−1944 | |
Manchukuo National | ミカロ6648–ミカロ6699 ミカロ16600–ミカロ16638 |
ミカロ549–ミカロ639 ミカロ645–ミカロ724 |
Kawasaki, Kisha Seizō, Hitachi, Nippon Sharyō, Shahekou, Dalian |
1936−1944 | Variable gauge. |
North China Transport | - | ミカロ1501–ミカロ1620 | Kisha Seizō (72), others? |
1938−1944 | Estimated total of 120, 72 built by Kisha Seizō 1938−1939 and 1943−1944 |
Mikaku class (ミカク)
At the request of the Kwantung Army, the Dalian Machine Works (other sources say Mitsubishi's Kobe Shipyards[3]) built a single experimental condenser version of the Mikaro class in 1941. This was designated the ミカク (Mikaku) class and numbered ミカク501,[3] as a Manchukuo National unit. A flue gas turbine was installed in front of the locomotive's chimney, with the exhaust pipe leading to a condenser on the tender, where the steam was cooled down and recycled into water again, to allow for operations over long distances without having to take on water; this was a major concern in the northern part of Manchuria, where it was difficult to secure water for the locomotives. In tests, Mikaku 501 recorded 1,600 km (990 mi) without taking on more water, but the design was never put into production.
Postwar
China Railways 解放6 (JF6) class
After the establishment of the
Those in industrial use were active until the late 1990s.
The JF6 was the predecessor of the more modern SY class,[6] which was a further development of the JF6 design.[5]
Currently, JF6 3022 is preserved at the China Railway Museum in Beijing,[5] whilst JF6 3329 is preserved at the Shenyang Steam Locomotive Museum.[5]
Korean State Railway 미가유 (Migayu) class/6600 series
Due to locomotive shortages, a number (believed to be eight) of Mikaro class locomotives were loaned from Mantetsu to the
KSR number | Mantetsu number (post-1938) |
Mantetsu number (pre-1938) |
Builder | Year built | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
미가유18 (6618)[8] | ミカロ18 | ミカサ1417 | Japan | 1934 | Regular tender. Operational on the Tŏksŏng Line in 2004. |
미가유21 (6621)[9] | ミカロ21 | ミカサ1422 | Japan | 1934 | Sloped tender. Operational on the Tŏksŏng Line prior to 2004. |
미가유28 (6628) | ミカロ28 | ミカサ1429 | Japan | 1934 | Regular tender. Operational in Ch'ŏngjin in 2019. |
Korean National Railroad 미카6 (Mika6) class
In 1947, the US military ordered five Mikaro-class locomotives for the Korean National Railroad of South Korea from Kisha Seizō;[1][10] These, together with the former Sentetsu Mika1 and Mika2 class locomotives that the KNR had converted to run on lignite in the early 1950s, were designated Mika6 (미카6) class by the KNR.[11]
Vietnam Railways Giải Phóng 6 (GP6) class
During the Vietnam War, China supplied around sixty JF6 class locomotives to the Vietnam Railways as aid, which designated them class Giải Phóng 6 ("liberation").[12] Two dumped locos at Laibin,[note 1] are said to be ex-Vietnam.[5]
See also
Notes
References
- ^ ISBN 978-4-10-303731-6.
- ^ Ichihara, Yoshizumi, 写真集南満洲鉄道 (South Manchuria Railway Photo Collection) pp. 117-118, 138, 1998 Seibundo Shinkosha Publishing Co. Ltd. (in Japanese)
- ^ a b "2012年07月のブログ|ゴンブロ!(ゴンの徒然日記)". ameblo.jp.
- ^ JF6 3001 to JF6 3475, Railography: Chinese Locomotive Lists.
- ^ a b c d e f Duncan Cotterill, JF6 Class 2-8-2s, Railography
- ^ Robin Gibbons, Locomotives of China, The JF6 Family
- ^ https://www.internationalsteam.co.uk/trains/nkorea04.htm
- ^ "Einloggen". www.farrail.net.
- ^ "Einloggen". www.farrail.net.
- ^ Toshihide Yamada, ポケット図解韓国鉄道の今と昔をとことん楽しむ本 ("Pocket Book of the Past and Present of Korean Railways"), pp. 171-173
- ^ "Korean Nation RR Class MK-6 2-8-2 Don's Rail Photos". donsdepot.donrossgroup.net. 10 November 1996. Retrieved 2018-01-01.
- ^ Standard Gauge JF6/GP6 Class Railways in Vietnam