Mangue language

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Chorotega people
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Mangue
Chorotega
Native toNicaragua, Honduras and Costa Rica
EthnicityMangue, Chorotega, Monimbo
Extinct(date missing)
Language codes
ISO 639-3mom
mom
Glottologmoni1237

Mangue, also known as Chorotega,

Bay of Fonseca; and Orotiña in Costa Rica's Nicoya Peninsula.[4]

The Oto-Manguean languages are spoken mainly in

Chiapanec well before the arrival of the Spaniards in the Americas.[5] The timing of this migration is estimated to be between 800 and 1350 AD.[6]

Some sources list "Choluteca" as an alternative name of the people and their language, and this has caused some (for example

Choluteca, along with Choluteca City, derive their names from this Nahuatl word. Choluteca was originally inhabited by Chorotega groups. Daniel Garrison Brinton argued that the name chorotega was a Nahuatl exonym meaning "people who fled" given after a defeat by Nahuan forces that split the Chorotega-Mangue people into two groups. He argued that the better nomenclature was Mangue, derived from the group’s endonym mankeme meaning "lords".[1]

In Guaitil, Costa Rica, the Mangue have been absorbed into the Costa Rican culture, losing their language, but pottery techniques and styles have been preserved.[7][8]

Phonology

Consonants

Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Plosive voiceless p
t
 		k
prenasal ᵐb ⁿd ᵑɡ
Affricate (ts) (tʃ)
Fricative s h
Nasal m
n
 		ɲ
Flap ɾ
Glide w
l
 		j

/t, k/ can have allophones [ts, tʃ].

Stop and fricative sounds /p, t, k, s/ can turn voiced [b, d, ɡ, z] after nasal sounds.

Vowels

Three vowels are noted /a, i, u/.[9][10] Allophones are also noted.

Sound Allophone
/i/ [i], [ɪ], [e]
/a/ [a], [æ], [ɛ]
/u/ [u], [o], [ʊ]

Phrases

Brinton[1] gives a list of Mangue words and phrases some of which are:

The Verb "to be,"

I am, cejo.
Thou art, simuh.
He is, neje sumu.
We are, cis mi muh.

Pronouns.

saho.
My, amba, mba.
He, neje.
She, neja.

Phrases.

Koi murio, It is already dawn.
Koi yujmi, It is already night.
Koi prijpi, It is already growing dark.
Susupusca? How are you?
Ko' mi muya' i ku ? And you, how are you ?
Camo cujmi umyaique, Nasi pujimo camo? There is nothing new; and you, how are you ?
Gusapo, Take a seat
Pami nyumuta, The food is good
Ropia, Come here
Uño I See I
Mis upa'? Where are you going?
Taspo, Yes.
Tapame, Be good.

Brinton also compares the color terms of Mangue and Chiapanec:

Mangue. Chiapanec.
Black, nanzome. dujamä.
White, nandirime. dilimä.
Yellow, nandiume. nandikumä.
Blue or Green nandipame ndipamä
Red, arimbome. nduimä

And a number of Nicaraguan and Costa Rican placenames that come from the Mangue language:

"Nindiria (from ninda - shore, dirn, hill), Nakutiri (from naktu - fire, dirn, hill), Monimbe (ntimbu - water, rain), Nandasinmo (nanda - brook), Mombonasi (nasi - woman), Masaya, Managua, Namotiva, Norome, Diriamba, Nicoya, Oretina"

Notes

  1. ^ a b c Daniel G. Brinton. 1886. Notes on the Mangue; An Extinct Dialect Formerly Spoken in Nicaragua Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society , Vol. 23, No. 122 (Apr., 1886), pp. 238-257
  2. ^ "Mangue | Ethnologue".
  3. ^ "6. Chorotega | Territorio Indígena y Gobernanza".
  4. ISBN 0806120088
    .
  5. ^ Mariá Teresa Fernández de Miranda and Roberto J. Weitlaner. Sobre Algunas Relaciones de la Familia Mangue. Anthropological Linguistics. Vol. 3, No. 7 (Oct., 1961), pp. 1-99
  6. ^ KS Niemel. 2004. Social change and migration in the Rivas region, Pacific Nicaragua (1000 BC--AD 1522).
  7. ISBN 978-9968-31-531-9
  8. ISBN 978-1-74179-474-8
  9. ^ Quirós Rodríguez, Juan Santiago (2002). Diccionario español-chorotega, chorotega-español. San José: Editorial de la Universidad de Costa Rica.
  10. ^ Krohn, Haakon S. (2022). Fonología del Mangue (Chorotega). Káñina, Vol 46 (3). pp. 7–29.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link) CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

References

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