Clupeiformes

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Clupeiformes
Temporal range: Barremian–present[1]
Atlantic herring, Clupea harengus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Cohort: Otocephala
Superorder:
Clupeomorpha
Order: Clupeiformes
Goodrich, 1909
Type species
Clupea harengus
Families

See text

Clupeiformes

food fish
.

Clupeiformes are

gut. They typically lack a lateral line, but still have the eyes, fins and scales that are common to most fish, though not all fish have these attributes. They are generally silvery fish with streamlined, spindle-shaped bodies, and they often school. Most species eat plankton which they filter from the water with their gill rakers.[2]

The former order of Isospondyli was subsumed mostly by Clupeiformes,

Salmoniformes, Cetomimiformes, etc.[4]

Their sister group were the extinct Ellimmichthyiformes, which were dominant throughout much of the Cretaceous and into the Paleogene,[5] and often coexisted with clupeiforms at many known localities. Both groups closely resembled each other morphologically, although the ellimmichthyiformes evolved some highly divergent body plans later in the Cretaceous.

Several fossil clupeiforms are known from the Early Cretaceous of South America that appear to be more closely allied with Clupeioidei over the Denticipitidae. This suggests a very deep divergence within the crown group Clupeiformes that must have occurred during the Early Cretaceous or before.[6][7]

Families

Phylogeny of Clupeiformes by Lavoué et al 2014.[8]
Clupeiformes
Denticipitoidei

Denticipitidae

Clupeoidei
Engraulidae

Coiliinae

Engraulinae

The order includes about 405 species in eleven families:[9][10]

Timeline of genera

QuaternaryNeogenePaleogeneCretaceousJurassicHolocenePleistocenePlioceneMioceneOligoceneEocenePaleoceneLate CretaceousEarly CretaceousLate JurassicMiddle JurassicEarly JurassicAustroclupeaSarmatellaEngraulisXyneQuisqueGanolytesGanoessusEtringusAliseaPseudohilsaSardinopsIlishaAnchoaStolephorusSardinaPomolobusOpisthonemaAlosaSardinellaEtrumeusChirocentrusHarengulaClupeaHacquetiaKnightiaGasteroclupeaHistiothrissaLeufuichthysScombroclupeaOrnategulumDaitingichthysPachythrissopsQuaternaryNeogenePaleogeneCretaceousJurassicHolocenePleistocenePlioceneMioceneOligoceneEocenePaleoceneLate CretaceousEarly CretaceousLate JurassicMiddle JurassicEarly Jurassic

References

  1. ISSN 0272-4634
    .
  2. ISBN 0-12-547665-5
    .
  3. s. lato
    )
  4. ostariophysans
    , in which the anterior vertebrae are greatly modified. Modern classifications have rejected this artificially constructed group, and the fishes previously assigned to it have been distributed among different orders (Clupeiformes, Osteoglossiformes, Salmoniformes, Cetomimiformes, etc.)
  5. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6
    .
  6. ^
    S2CID 220436023
    .
  7. ^ a b Malabarba, Maria C.; Dario, Fabio Di (2017). "A new predatory herring-like fish (Teleostei: Clupeiformes) from the early Cretaceous of Brazil, and implications for relationships in the Clupeoidei". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 180 (1): 175–194.
  8. ISBN 978-1482228540
  9. ^ Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2023). "Clupeiformes" in FishBase. July 2023 version.
  10. PMID 23431379
    .
  11. ISSN 1175-5334
    .
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