Cyanide fishing
In respect of
History and geography
Cyanide fishing is practiced mainly in saltwater fishing regions of Southeast Asia. Since the practice of cyanide fishing was never widely publicised or officially approved, its origins are uncertain; but it is believed to have originated in the 1950s in the Philippines.[1] Later in the twentieth century, the practice was adopted by some fishing operators in Indonesia, Thailand, Maldives, and Taiwan, among others.[1] Cyanide fishing was initially developed to stun and capture fish for
The World Resources Institute (WRI) determined that approximately 20% of the live fish traded on the Philippine market in 1996 were caught using cyanide; assuming this is reflective of southeast Asian practice as a whole, environmental engineer David Dzombak estimates that 12,000 to 14,000 short tons (10,710 to 12,500 long tons; 10,890 to 12,700 metric tons) of live food fish are caught each year using this method.[1]
Colourful, particularly eccentric, and therefore rare
The basis for this
Method
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The fishermen dive into the sea, usually without artificial breathing aids, although some use a highly dangerous apparatus (commonly garden hose surface-fed from the type of air compressor commonly used to power jackhammers). When they reach the coral reefs, they spray the poison between the individual layers, after which the yield is collected. Edible fish, of which a number are sold for general consumption, are first placed for ten to fourteen days in fresh water for 'rinsing'. Recent studies have shown that the combination of cyanide use and stress of post capture handling results in mortality of up to 75% of the organisms within less than 48 hours of capture. With such high mortality numbers, a greater number of fish must be caught in order to supplement post-catch death.
Cases have been reported of fishermen dumping drums of concentrated cyanide in places where fishing is difficult or economic times are hard.[1] Such high concentrations normally kill most of the haul, but in these cases, the objective is no longer to catch live fish, but to catch the largest amount possible.[citation needed]
Mechanism
In seawater, sodium cyanide breaks down into sodium and cyanide
Habitat destruction
Many fishing and diving areas across the whole of South East Asia, already severely damaged from the impact of
References
- ^ a b c d e f Dzombak, David A.; Ghosh, Rajat S.; Wong-Chong, George M. (2006). "11.2: Use of Cyanide for Capturing Live Reef Fish". Cyanide in Water and Soil. CRC Press.
- ISBN 92-807-2363-4.
- .
- S2CID 22590485.
- ^ Tsang, Anita C.W. (December 2001). "A glance at the marine aquarium fish trade in Hong Kong". www.HKU.hk. Porcupine!. pp. 9–12. Retrieved 27 May 2005.
- .
External links
- (in German) nikswieweg.colibri-reisen.de: detailed article on illegal fishing methods in Palawan, Philippines
- A Poisonous Business - information on cyanide fishing that supplies the pet trade