Palawan
Palawan | ||
---|---|---|
Province of Palawan | ||
Nicknames: | ||
Vice Governor Leoncio N. Ola (PPPL) | | |
• Legislature | Palawan Provincial Board | |
Area | ||
• Total | 14,649.73 km2 (5,656.29 sq mi) | |
• Rank | 1st out of 81 | |
(excludes Puerto Princesa) | ||
Highest elevation | 2,086 m (6,844 ft) | |
Population (2020 census)[8] | ||
• Total | 939,594 | |
• Rank | 31st out of 81 | |
• Density | 64/km2 (170/sq mi) | |
• Rank | 79th out of 81 | |
(excludes Puerto Princesa) | ||
Demonym | Palaweño | |
Divisions | ||
• Independent cities | 1
| |
• Component cities | 0 | |
• Municipalities | ||
• ZIP Code | 5300–5322 | |
IDD : area code | +63 (0)48 | |
ISO 3166 code | PH-PLW | |
Spoken languages |
| |
Website | www |
Palawan (
The islands of Palawan stretch between
In 2019, it was proposed to divide Palawan into three separate provinces, though it was later rejected by the local population in a 2021 plebiscite.
History
Pre-history
The early history of Palawan was determined by a team of researchers led by Robert Bradford Fox. They found evidence in the Tabon Caves that humans have lived in Palawan for more than 50,000 years. They also found human bone fragments, from an individual known as Tabon Man, in the municipality of Quezon, as well as tools and other artifacts.[9]
Two articulated
Using the work of Von den Driesch,[14] all chosen anatomical features of appendicular elements' anatomical features which were chosen, besides molars, were measured to distinguish between taxa that had close relationships, and see morphometric changes over ages, though not for pigs or deer. For the latter two, cranial and mandibular elements, besides teeth of deer from Ille Cave were compared with samples of the Philippine brown deer (Cervus mariannus), Calamian hog deer (Axis calamianensis), and Visayan spotted deer (Cervus alfredi), and thus two taxa of deer have been identified from the fossils: Axis and Cervus.[15] Remains of pigs were compared with the Eurasian (Sus scrofa) and Palawanese wild boar (Sus ahoenobarbus). It is known that the Eurasian wild boar was imported as a domesticate to the islands from mainland Southeast Asia to the islands during the Terminal Holocene.[16][17][18][19][20]
Palawan was a major site for the
Early history
Palawan is home to several Indigenous groups. The oldest inhabitants are the
Palawan was mentioned as "Pulaoan" or "Polaoan" by
Before the arrival of the Spanish in the late 15th century, Palawan broke free of the nation of Ma-i but would be conquered and ruled by Bruneian empire and their vassals the Sultanate of Sulu.
Spanish colonial era
The northern
In 1818, the entire island of Palawan, or Paragua as it was called, was organized as a single province named Calamianes, with its capital in Taytay. [citation needed] By 1858, the province was divided into two provinces, namely, Castilla, covering the northern section with Taytay as capital and Asturias in the southern mainland with Puerto Princesa as capital. It was later divided into three districts, Calamianes, Paragua and Balabac, with Principe Alfonso town as its capital. During the Spanish colonial period, Cuyo became the second capital of Palawan from 1873 to 1903.
American colonial era
In 1902, after the Philippine–American War, the United States established civil rule in northern Palawan, calling it the province of Paragua. In 1905, pursuant to Philippine Commission Act No. 1363, the province was reorganized to include the southern portions and renamed Palawan, and Puerto Princesa declared as its capital.[25]
Many reforms and projects were later introduced in the province. Construction of school buildings, promotion of agriculture, and bringing people closer to the government were among the priority plans during this era.[25]
Japanese invasion era
After the Japanese invasion, according to Stephen L. Moore, "Pro-Allied sentiment was strong, and it was later estimated that during the war as many as 1,154 Filipino guerrillas worked against the Japanese on the island. Those in the underground network would proudly refer to themselves as 'Palawan's Fighting One Thousand'." Early resistance leaders included Dr. Higinio Acosta Mendoza, his wife Triny, Thomas F. Loudon, and his son-in-law Nazario Mayor. Capt. Mayor organized Company D in October 1943, and was responsible for the area encompassing Puerto Princesa south to
Palawan Massacre
During
Liberation
During the first phase of the Battle of Leyte Gulf, just off the coast of Palawan, two United States Navy submarines, USS Dace and USS Darter attacked a Japanese cruiser task force led by Admiral Takeo Kurita, sinking his flagship (in which he survived) Atago, and her sister ship Maya. Darter later ran aground that afternoon and was scuttled by USS Nautilus (SS-168).
The island was liberated from the Japanese Imperial Forces from February 28 to April 22, 1945, during the Invasion of Palawan.
Philippine independence
Martial law era
Like the other parts of the Philippines, Palawan felt the impact when
One incident was when Marcos evicted an estimated 254 families of Indigenous Tagbanwa people from the Calauit Island in order to create a game reserve full of animals imported from Africa.[31][32]
In another incident, residents of
Among the leaders who helped organize the effort to prevent the eviction of the Bugsuk Island residents was
Contemporary
In 2005, Palawan was briefly made politically part of Western Visayas or Region VI through Executive Order 429 signed by then-President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo on May 23[34] as a political move to control the province and a response to getting more loans from China.[35] This decree was later deferred on August 18 within the same year reportedly due to the opposition of the province's Sangguniang Panlalawigan (Provincial Council).[36]
On July 21, 2007, its capital city Puerto Princesa became a highly urbanized city.
Proposed division
In April 2019, a bill dividing Palawan into three provinces was passed into law.[37][38] The proposed three new provinces were Palawan del Norte, Palawan Oriental, and Palawan del Sur.[39][40] A plebiscite, originally scheduled in May 2020, was held on March 13, 2021, that decided whether Palawan would be divided into three provinces. Some civil society groups and Puerto Princesa residents opposed the proposed division, claiming that there was no extensive public consultation.[37][41][42][43] The Comelec announced on March 16, 2021, that the majority of Palawan residents opposed the division and thus, it would not be carried out.[44][45]
Geography
The province is composed of the long and narrow
Palawan's almost 2,000 kilometers (1,200 mi) of irregular coastline is lined with rocky coves and sugar-white sandy beaches. It also harbors a vast stretch of virgin forests that carpet its chain of mountain ranges. The mountain heights average 1,100 meters (3,500 ft) in altitude, with the highest peak rising to 6,843 feet (2,086 m)
The province has a total land area of 14,649.73 square kilometers (5,656.29 sq mi).[46] When Puerto Princesa City is included for geographical purposes, its land area is 17,030.75 square kilometers (6,575.61 sq mi).[46] The land area is distributed to its mainland municipalities, comprising 12,239 square kilometers (4,726 sq mi), and the island municipalities, which altogether measure 2,657 square kilometers (1,026 sq mi). In terms of archipelagic internal waters, Palawan has the biggest marine resources that covers almost half of the Sulu Sea and a big chunk of the South China Sea that is within the municipal waters of Kalayaan Municipality which was officially annexed to the Philippine jurisdiction by virtue of Presidential Decree 1596 dated June 11, 1978.
Climate
The province has two types of climate. The first, which occurs in the northern and southern extremities and the entire western coast, has two distinct seasons – six months dry and six months wet. The other, which prevails in the eastern coast, has a short dry season of one to three months and no pronounced rainy period during the rest of the year. The southern part of the province is virtually free from tropical depressions but northern Palawan experiences torrential rains during the months of July and August. Summer months serve as peak season for Palawan. Sea voyages are most favorable from March to early June when the seas are calm. The average maximum temperature is 31 °C (88 °F) with little variation all year.[9]
The island ecosystem of Palawan is threatened by
Administrative divisions
Palawan comprises 433
that governs itself independently from the province, but it usually grouped with the province for statistical and geographic purposes.- † Provincial capital and highly urbanized city
- Municipality
|
Proposals
Inclusion into other regions
In 2001, the residents of Palawan voted in a
On May 17, 2002, Executive Order No. 103 divided Region IV into Region IV-A (Calabarzon) and Region IV-B (Mimaropa), placing the province of Palawan into Mimaropa.[53]
On May 23, 2005, Executive Order No. 429 directed that Palawan be transferred from Region IV-B to Region VI.[1] However, Palaweños criticized the move, citing a lack of consultation, with most residents in Puerto Princesa City and all municipalities but one preferring to stay with Region IV-B. Consequently, Administrative Order No. 129 was issued on August 19, 2005, that the implementation of EO 429 be held in abeyance pending approval by the President of its implementation Plan.[2] The Philippine Commission on Elections reported the 2010 Philippine general election results for Palawan as a part of the Region IV-B results.[54] As of 30 June 2011[update], the abeyance was still in effect and Palawan remained a part of Mimaropa.[7]
Proposed division into three provinces
A March 2021 plebiscite (originally scheduled for May 2020 but delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic[55]) asked about whether to divided Palawan into three provinces:[56][57] Palawan del Norte (including El Nido, Taytay, Coron, Linapacan, Culion, and Busuanga), Palawan Oriental (includes San Vicente, Roxas, Dumaran, Cuyo, Agutaya, Magsaysay, and Cagayancillo), and Palawan del Sur (includes Kalayaan, Aborlan, Narra, Sofronio Española, Brooke's Point, Rizal, Quezon, Bataraza and Balabac).[39][40] The division was rejected by a majority.
Demographics
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(excluding Puerto Princesa City) Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[51][58][59][60] |
The population of Palawan in the 2020 census was 939,594 people,[8] with a density of 64 inhabitants per square kilometre or 170 inhabitants per square mile. When Puerto Princesa is included for geographical purposes, the population is 1,104,585 people, with a density of 65/km2 (168/sq mi).
The province is a melting pot of 87 different cultural groups and races. Eighteen percent is composed of cultural minority groups such as the
Religion
Roman Catholicism
The Catholics in the province are governed by a single
Protestantism and other groups
Several
The Members Church of God International popularly called Ang Dating Daan established three church districts namely Coron, Northern Palawan and Southern Palawan which signifies strong membership in the province.[citation needed]
Other Christian denominations including the indigenous
Islam
Around 75,000 to 100,000 Palawan residents (10% to 13%) identify as Muslims, these being mostly the native
Animism
Most of the ethnic minorities such as
Other religions
A notable Buddhist Temple in Palawan is Chùa Vạn Pháp. The temple was built by
Language
There are 52 languages and dialects in the province, with
English is spoken by a majority of the younger (age 20–39) population of Puerto Princesa. It is spoken by a minority in every other area of the province.
Economy
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
Palawan's economy is basically agricultural. The three major crops are
The economic and agricultural business growth of province is at 20% per annum.[76] Coconut, sugar, rice, lumber, and livestock are produced here.[10]
Flora and fauna
Unlike most of the Philippines, Palawan is biogeographically part of Sundaland, with a fauna and flora related to that found in Borneo.[78]
Palawan had 700,000 hectares (1,700,000 acres) of forests as of 2010[79] and has been called the Philippines' "last biodiversity frontier."[80]
Among the many
Total forest cover is about 56 percent of the total land area of the province while
Palawan, the only Philippine island cited, is rated by the Condé Nast Traveler Readers as the most beautiful island in the world and is also rated by the National Geographic Traveler magazine as the best island destination in East and Southeast Asia region in 2007, and the equal 27th best island in the world having "incredibly beautiful natural seascapes and landscapes. One of the most biodiverse (terrestrial and marine) islands in the Philippines. The island has had a Biosphere Reserve status since the early 1990s, showing local interest for conservation and sustainable development".[84][85]
The province was also categorized as "doing well" in the 4th Destination Scorecard survey conducted by the
In 2007, a "shrew-eating pitcher plant", named
Attractions
Calauit Game Preserve and Wildlife Sanctuary
A game reserve and wildlife sanctuary of exotic African animals and endangered endemic animals of Palawan. It is on Calauit Island in
Since 2009, management of the area has been the responsibility of the Office of the Palawan Council for Sustainable Development.[90]
Coron Reefs, Coron Bay, Busuanga
Seven lakes surrounded by craggy limestone cliffs attract hundreds of nature lovers to Coron Reefs in Northern Palawan, near the town of Coron.
Busuanga Island, whose main town is Coron, is the jump-off point for numerous dive operators. The principal dive sites are World War II Japanese shipwrecks sunk on September 24, 1944, by United States Navy action. They range in depth from 12 metres (39 ft) to 43 metres (141 ft).[91]
Kayangan Lake
Accessible by a steep 10-minute climb, the crystal-clear waters of Lake Kayangan are nestled into the mountain walls; underwater is like a moonscape. There's a little wooden walkway and platform to stash your things if you go for a swim. Don't expect privacy or quiet, though, as the lake, an Instagram favorite, is overwhelmed by the cellphone-wielding masses during peak hours. To avoid the crowds you'll need to visit on a private tour early in the morning or late in the afternoon.[92]
El Nido Marine Reserve Park
The January 2008 issue of international magazine Travel + Leisure, published by the American Express Co. (which partnered with Conservation International), listed El Nido's sister hotel resorts El Nido Lagen Island and El Nido Miniloc Island in Miniloc and Lagen Islands as "conservation-minded places on a mission to protect the local environment". Travel + Leisure's 20 Favorite Green Hotels scored El Nido Resort's protection of Palawan's giant clam gardens and the re-introduction of endangered Philippine cockatoos.[93] Guest cottages on stilts are set above the crystalline ocean. The resorts are active in both reef and island conservation."[94]
Malampaya Sound Land and Seascape Protected Area
Located in the Municipality of Taytay, this important ecological and economic zone is a watershed and fishing ground, and the habitat of Bottle-nosed and Irrawaddy dolphins.[95]
UNESCO World Heritage Sites
- Puerto-Princesa Subterranean River National Park(1999)
Puerto Princesa City is the home of the Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park or the Underground River, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The 8-kilometer long tourist spot that showcases limestone karsts, diverse species and tropical rainforest is one of the world’s longest underground rivers and was also named as one of the “New 7 Wonders of Nature.”
- Tubbataha Reef Marine Park(1993)
The Tubbataha Reef Marine Park covers 332 km2, including the North and South Reefs. It is a unique example of an atoll reef with a very high density of marine species; the North Islet serving as a nesting site for birds and marine turtles. The site is an excellent example of a pristine coral reef with a spectacular 100 m perpendicular wall, extensive lagoons, and two coral islands.
Ursula Island
This game refuge and bird sanctuary is situated near the Municipality of Bataraza in southern Palawan. The islet is a migratory and wintering ground for shorebirds and seabirds.[95]
Rasa Island Wildlife Sanctuary
This 1,983-hectare (4,900-acre) protected area located in the municipality of
Security
The Armed Forces of the Philippines–Western Command in Canigaran and the Philippine National Police-Palawan Command with headquarters in Tiniguiban, Puerto Princesa, are responsible for maintenance of the peace and order. Military units in the province under the Western Command are the Naval Forces Northwest (Task Force 41 and 42), Philippine Air Force 4th Naval District IV, Delta Company and 10th Marine Battalion Landing Team located in Tiniguiban, Puerto Princesa. There has been discussion about dredging Ulugan Bay in order to build a larger naval base on Palawan, allowing the Philippines to project naval power into the South China Sea.[96][97]
The U.S. Department of State issued a travel warning in May 2015, advising foreigners against travel to the southern part of Palawan.[98] The warning continues to be in effect as of May 2017.[99]
Infrastructure
Communication
Four telecommunication companies provide local and international direct distance dialing and fax services. Inter island communications is available through the government's telegraph network and the Provincial Radio Communication System. In addition, there are 19 post offices, a number of cargo forwarders provide air parcel and freight services.[100]
The province has access to two satellite-linked television stations. Cable television in the City of Puerto Princesa offers dozens of foreign channels while smaller firms provide cable services in selected towns. Individual cable facility (Dream Cable) is available locally. Thirteen radio stations are based in Puerto Princesa, four on the AM and nine on the FM bands. Community-based radio stations operate in some of the municipalities in the north and south of the province. Additional stations are expected to set up local affiliates in the capital city of Puerto Princesa.[100]
Two mobile phone companies, Smart Communications and Globe Telecom, are operating in the province. Dito is expected to start operations in the province soon.[100]
Health facilities
There are nine provincial government hospitals, two national government hospitals, one military hospital and nine private hospitals in the province. The Culion Sanitarium and General Hospital, Ospital ng Palawan, managed and administered by the
Utilities
The National Power Corporation has 14 electric facilities all over Palawan. It operates with a total of 51.363 megawatts of electricity. The effective power rates vary across different municipalities.[101] According to Palawan Electric Cooperative (PALECO), the main island composed of 19 city and municipalities, has 59% of electrification with 135,284 households connected to the grid.[102]
Water facilities in Palawan are classified as Level I (deepwell, handpump), Level II (communal faucet), or Level III (house connection). Among all of these types, Level I has the most units, accounting to 17,438; this is followed by Level III, with 1,688 units; and Level II, with only 94 units.[clarification needed][100]
Transportation
Air
The Puerto Princesa International Airport is the only international airport in Palawan, serving as the main gateway to the province. Other airports include:
Domestic
- Francisco B. Reyes Airport, Coron, Busuanga Island
- El Nido Airport, El Nido
- San Vicente Airport, San Vicente
- Cuyo Airport, Magsaysay
- Taytay Airport, Taytay
- Del Pilar Airport, Roxas
- Bugsuk (Bonbon) Airport, Balabac (Bugsuk Island)
- Tagbita Airport, Rizal
- Balabac Airport, Balabac
- Bataraza
Other
- Coron Airstrip, Coron
- Culion
- Brooke's Point
- Candaraman Airstrip, Balabac (Candaraman Island)
- Inandeng Airstrip, San Vicente (under construction)
- Pamalican (Amanpulo) Airstrip, Cuyo (Pamalican Island)
- Old Busuanga Airstrip, Busuanga
- Rancudo Airfield, Kalayaan(military)
- Tarumpitao Point Airfield, Rizal
Seaports
Port of Puerto Princesa is the main port on Palawan, serving both cargo and passenger traffic to the island. Scheduled passenger ferry services are running weekly from Manila to this port.[103] The port is managed by the Philippine Ports Authority. Other ports include:
- Port of Coron
- Port of El Nido
- Port Of Mangingisda
Education
The literacy rate in Palawan is increasing by 2% annually because of expanding access to education. Among these programs are the establishment of schools in remote barangays, non-formal education, multi-grade mobile teaching and the drop-out intervention program.[100]
Public schools in the province consist of 623 elementary schools, 126 secondary schools and two universities. Private schools are as follows: 26 elementary, 19 secondary, 4 private colleges, and 10 vocational schools.
Among the public institutions of higher education are the Palawan State University in Puerto Princesa City with 17 other campuses across the province, Western Philippines University with campuses in Aborlan and Puerto Princesa City, Coron College of Fisheries, Puerto Princesa School of Arts and Trade and the Palawan College of Arts and Trade in Cuyo, Palawan.
Some of the private institutions are the Holy Trinity University run by the
Awards and recognition
Palawan earned the third spot in the annual Condé Nast Traveler (CNT) readers' choice awards for top islands to visit in 2021.[104]
See also
- Legislative districts of Palawan
- Dewil Valley
- List of islands of the Philippines
- Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park
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{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ISBN 978-0-8129-9432-2.
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As fears grow that China is on an aggressive South China Sea territorial grab, a sleepy Philippine village is being transformed into a major naval base that may host US warships. [...] A small pier stands at the bay's most prized asset, a deep inlet called Oyster Bay with rich fishing grounds that help sustain the 1,700 residents of the nearby village of Macarascas. As part of the upgrade, a much bigger pier, harbor, and support facilities are being built to serve as a base for the navy's largest vessels, including two ex-US frigates acquired since 2011.
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External links
- Philippine Standard Geographic Code Archived April 13, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
- Local Governance Performance Management System