Cycnorhamphus
Cycnorhamphus | |
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Juvenile specimen | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Order: | †Pterosauria |
Suborder: | †Pterodactyloidea |
Clade: | †Ctenochasmatoidea |
Family: | †Gallodactylidae |
Genus: | †Cycnorhamphus Seeley , 1870
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Species: | †C. suevicus
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Binomial name | |
†Cycnorhamphus suevicus (Quenstedt, 1855)
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Synonyms | |
Genus synonymy
Species synonymy
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Cycnorhamphus (meaning "swan beak") is a genus of gallodactylid ctenochasmatoid pterosaur from the Late Jurassic period of France and Germany, about 152 million years ago.[1] It is synonymous with the genus Gallodactylus.
History
In 1855, a
In 1858, Johann Andreas Wagner described a second specimen consisting of the wings, a shinbone and a foot. He named it Pterodactylus (Ornithocephalus) eurychirus, "the broad-handed", but later in the same publication used the name Pterodactylus suevicus eurychirus as if it were a subspecies.[9] This is today considered a junior synonym. The specimen was acquired by the Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie but was lost in April 1944 during the Munich bombardment.[8]
In 1870,
In 1878,
In 1907 however, Felix Plieninger rejected the split between Pterodactylus and Cycnorhamphus and denied the validity of C. fraasii.[13] This would be the standard interpretation, shared by most paleontologists, for over sixty years.
During the late 1960s, the Ghirardi family began to exploit the chalkstone quarries of Les Besson, located on the French army base of Canjuers near
However, in 1996, Christopher Bennett pointed out that such mistakes do not invalidate a name and that therefore Cycnorhamphus has priority, making Gallodactylus canjuersensis C. canjuersensis.[4] In 2010 and 2012, Bennett published further re-studies of the fossils, concluding that the differences between the two species could be explained by age, sex or individual variation, and formally synonymized C. canjuersensis and C. suevicus.[7]
Description
Cycnorhamphus had historically been assumed to have had long jaws with teeth at the very tip, akin to those of
Classification
As illustrated below, the results of a topology are based on a phylogenetic analysis made by Longrich, Martill, and Andres in 2018. They placed the Cycnorhamphus within the clade Euctenochasmatia, more precisely within the family Gallodactylidae, sister taxon to Normannognathus.[19]
Archaeopterodactyloidea |
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See also
References
- ISBN 0-13-146308-X.
- ^ Quenstedt, F.A., 1855, Über Pterodactylus suevicus im lithographischen Schiefer Württembergs, Tübingen, 52 pp
- ^ F. A. Quenstedt. 1856. Sonst und Jetzt. Populäre Vorträge über Geologie [Then and Now. Popular Lectures on Geology] viii-288
- ^ S2CID 132170052.
- ^ Quenstedt, F.A. 1854. "Mittheilungen an Professor Bronn gerichtet". Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefakten-Kunde, 1854: 570-571
- ^ Meyer, H. von. 1855. "Briefliche Mittheilungen an Prof. Bronn". Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefakten-Kunde, 328 u. 808, Stuttgart 1855
- ^ .
- ^ a b Wellnhofer, P. 1970. "Die Pterodactyloidea (Pterosauria) der Oberjura-Plattenkalke Süddeutschlands", Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, mathematisch-wissenschaftlichen Klasse, Abhandlungen, 141 : 1-133
- ^ Wagner, A., 1858, "Neue beitrage zur Kenntnis der urweltlichen Fauna des lithographischen Schiefers. 1. Abt. Saurier", Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, mathematisch-wissenschaftliche Klasse, 8: 417-528
- ^ H. G. Seeley. 1870. The Ornithosauria: an elementary study of the bones of pterodactyles, made from fossil remains found in the Cambridge Upper Greensand, and arranged in the Woodwardian Museum of the University of Cambridge, Deighton, Bell & Co, Cambridge
- ^ Fraas, O., 1878, "Über Pterodactylus suevicus, Qu., von Nusplingen", Palaeontographica, 25: 163-174
- ^ Seeley, H.G. 1891. "The Ornithosaurian pelvis". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Series 6, 7: 237
- ^ Plieninger, F., 1907, "Die Pterosaurier der Juraformation Schwabens", Palaeontographica, v. 53, p. 209-313
- ^ Ginsburg L. et Mennessier G. 1970. "Découverte d’un important gisement de Vertébrés dans le Jurassique du Petit Plan de Canjuers (Var)". Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences, Series D, 271: 570-571
- ^ Fabre, J.A., 1974, "Un Nouveau Pterodactylidae du gisement "Portlandien" de Canjures (Var) Gallodactylus canjuersensis nov. gen. nov. sp", Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences, 279: 2011-2014
- ^ Fabre, J.A. 1976. "Un nouveau Pterodactylidae du gisement de Canjuers (Var) Gallodactylus canjuersensis nov. gen., nov. sp." Annales de Paleontologie (Vertebres), 62: 35-70
- ^ Tischlinger, H., and Frey, E., 2010, "Multilayered is not enough! New soft tissue structures in the Rhamphorhynchus flight membrane". Acta Geoscientica Sinica, 31(Supplement 1): 64
- ^ Witton, Mark P. (2013), Pterosaurs: Natural History, Evolution, Anatomy
- PMID 29534059.