Diploria
Diploria | |
---|---|
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Cnidaria |
Class: | Hexacorallia |
Order: | Scleractinia |
Family: | Mussidae |
Genus: | Diploria Milne-Edwards and Haime, 1848 |
Species: | D. labyrinthiformis
|
Binomial name | |
Diploria labyrinthiformis (Linnaeus, 1758)[2]
| |
Synonyms | |
List (Species)
|
Diploria is a monotypic genus of massive reef building stony corals in the family Mussidae.[3][4][5][6] It is represented by a single species, Diploria labyrinthiformis, commonly known as grooved brain coral and is found in the western Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea.[7][2][8][9] It has a familiar, maze-like appearance.
Description
This species of reef-building coral has a hemispherical, brain-like shape with a brown, yellow, or grey colour.[8] It has characteristic deep, interconnected double-valleys. These polyp-bearing valleys are each separated by grooved ambulacral ridges. There may be a difference in colour between the valleys and the grooves.[10]
Diploria labyrinthiformis can grow upward at a rate of approximately 3.5 millimeters per year, achieving about 2 metres (6.6 feet) in diameter. During its planktonic larval stage, the coral has locomotion. After that time, it becomes permanently sessile.[11]
This species is a
Diploria labyrinthiformis is
Distribution and habitat
Diploria labyrinthiformis is found in tropical parts of the west Atlantic Ocean, the
This coral occurs offshore at depths ranging from 1 to 30 metres (3.3 to 98.4 feet).[11]
Status
This species was listed as Least Concern for years on the IUCN Red List, however the most recent assessment in 2021 has resulted in a sudden uplisting due to the species' predicted decline, in part due to its susceptibility to Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease.[14]
Relationships with other species
Symbiotic
Diploria labyrinthiformis hosts
The coral also has a relationship with
Predators
Despite the polyps being equipped with
- Gastropods
- Polychaetes (annelid worms)
- Sea urchins
- Starfishes
- Sea spiders
- Parrotfish and other fishes
Parasites
This species is host to a
- endoparasite.
Taxonomy
In the past, other species were classified as pertaining to the Diploria genus. Some of those species are now classified as Pseudodiploria, a genus erected in 2012, such as P. strigosa and P. clivosa.[15]
Reproduction
Diploria labyrinthiformis is hemaphroditic, employing a broadcast-spawning method to reproduce. As with most coral species, timing of gamete release is related to moon cycles.[16] Exact timing of this event can vary, even within its regional range, but is typically earlier in the year than many other scleratinian species in the Caribbean [17]
Postage stamps
Images of Diploria labyrinthiformis appear on three postage stamps: a 75 cent Belizean stamp created by Georges Declercq,[18] a 15 cent stamp from United States issued 1980-08-26 and a 54 Euro cent stamp from Mayotte.[19]
See also
- Brain coral
- Colpophyllia natans(large-grooved brain coral)
References
- ^ a b Goergen, L.; Rodríguez-Martínez, R.; Miller, M.; Crabbe, J.; Banaszak, A.; Vermeij, M. (2022). "Diploria labyrinthiformis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T133257A165799250. Retrieved 31 December 2022.
- ^ a b c d "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Diploria labyrinthiformis (Linnaeus, 1758)". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2018-08-12.
- ^ Grooved Brain Coral, Diploria labyrinthiformis. Retrieved 2011-12-25.
- ^ Coralpedia - Diploria labyrinthiformis. Retrieved 2011-12-25.
- ^ Diploria labyrinthiformis (grooved brain coral) | Natural History Museum. Retrieved 2011-12-25.
- ^ Marine Species Identification Portal : Grooved brain coral - Diploria labyrinthiformis. Retrieved 2011-12-25.
- ^ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Diploria labyrinthiformis (Linnaeus, 1758)". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2018-08-13.
- ^ a b "Marine Species Identification Portal : Grooved brain coral - Diploria labyrinthiformis". Species-identification.org. Retrieved 2011-12-19.
- ^ "Diploria labyrinthiformis (grooved brain coral) | Natural History Museum". Nhm.ac.uk. Retrieved 2011-12-19.
- ^ "Coralpedia - Diploria labyrinthiformis". Coralpedia.bio.warwick.ac.uk. Retrieved 2011-12-19.
- ^ a b c d e f Kate Rossi-Snook & Dr. James B. Wood. "Grooved Brain Coral, Diploria labyrinthiformis". Thecephalopodpage.org. Retrieved 2011-12-19.
- S2CID 253807532.
- ^ Diploria labyrinthiformis Corals of the World. accessdate=2011-12-26
- ^ Precht, W., Gintert, B., Robbart, M. et al. Unprecedented Disease-Related Coral Mortality in Southeastern Florida. Sci Rep 6, 31374 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep31374
- .
- ^ Chamberland, V.F., Snowden, S., Marhaver, K.L. et al. The reproductive biology and early life ecology of a common Caribbean brain coral, Diploria labyrinthiformis (Scleractinia: Faviinae). Coral Reefs 36, 83–94 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-016-1504-2
- ^ Weil, E., Vargas, W.L. Comparative aspects of sexual reproduction in the Caribbean coral genus Diploria (Scleractinia: Faviidae). Mar Biol 157, 413–426 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-009-1328-5, Alvarado, Elvira M., Rocío García, and Alberto Acosta. "Sexual reproduction of the reef-building coral Diploria labyrinthiformis (Scleractinia: Faviidae), in the Colombian Caribbean." (2004).
- ^ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species". Marinespecies.org. 2008-11-07. Retrieved 2011-12-19.
- ^ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species". Marinespecies.org. 2011-11-01. Retrieved 2011-12-19.