Dutch Republic Lion
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The Dutch Republic Lion (also known as States Lion) was the badge of the
Background
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There are lions in multiple heraldic motifs in the Low Countries. The black lion on gold of Flanders (see Coat of arms of Flanders), its inverse the gold lion on black of Brabant, and the red lion on gold of Holland. There is one more lion of note, the red lion on blue and white bars of
The Flemish lion derives from the arms of the
The Arms of Brabant were first used probably by Count Lambert I of Louvain, the lion is also documented in a 1306 town's seal of Kerpen, together with the red lion of Limburg. Today these arms are used by the Kings of the Belgians.
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Arms of thecounts of Flanders
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Arms of the dukes of Brabant, now used by the Kings of the Belgians
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Arms of the counts of Holland
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Arms of the dukes of Luxembourg
These lions are repeated in many arms in the Netherlands, of various noble houses (see Armorial of the Seventeen Provinces of the Netherlands (fr)) and in the arms of other provinces:
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Arms of the Dukes of Gelderland showing the arms of Gelre and Jülich.
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Arms of theCounts of Hainautquartering Flanders and Holland.
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Arms of theCounts of Namurbased on the arms of Flanders.
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Arms of the Counts of Zeeland based on the arms of Holland.
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Arms of theDukes of Limburgbased on the arms of Luxemburg.
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Arms of Overijssel, based on the arms of Holland.
When the county of Flanders was inherited by the
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Arms of the Duke of Burgundy (1404-1430)
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Arms of the Duke of Burgundy since 1430
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Royal arms of Habsburg Spain
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Royal arms of Bourbon Spain until 1931
The lion, as representing the
In 1578, during the
New States Lion
After the completion of its forming in 1584 the Republic of the Seven United Provinces used as its arms: Or a crowned lion Gules armed and langued Azure, holding in his dexter paw a sword and in the sinister paw seven arrows tight together Azure. The colours of this version where derived from the most important of the seven provinces, the county of Holland (its arms are still in use since being adopted by the counts of Holland c. 1198).
The tinctures were inverted in 1665[citation needed] to a gold lion on red to be more representative of all the provinces of the union. When the provinces of
The
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Coat of arms of the republic of the united Netherlands (c. 1665). Sternpiece of the Zeven Provincien.
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Coat of arms of the republic of the united Netherlands (after 1665). Fireplace of the Kruithuis (Delft).
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Arms of the "Republic of the Seven United Provinces" (the Netherlands between 1665 - 1795). Relief in Dordrecht
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Arms of the Dutch Republic.
The number of arrows changed over time. At first there were 17, despite the fact that the Union of Utrecht counted 11 districts after the Fall of Antwerp in 1585. It was hoped by William the Silent that all the Seventeen Provinces of the Netherlands would eventually be united. However, this was not to be, and so it was eventually changed to 11, and with the Reduction of Groningen to 7. The number of arrows on the arms fixed at 7 in 1606, but the seal still remained with 17 arrows until 1795.
Duke of Anjou
At the time of the
Unfortunately, Orange's attempt to paper over the disunity within the States-General by bringing in Anjou did not succeed. Holland and Zeeland acknowledged him perfunctorily, but mainly ignored him, and of the other members of the Union of Utrecht Overijssel, Gelderland and Utrecht never even recognised him.[2]
At the time of his sovereignty, Anjou replaced the Generality Lion by arms that he himself designed incorporating all the arms of the, at that time, nine Dutch rebellious provinces with France.
Anjou himself was dissatisfied with his limited power, and decided to take the Flemish cities of
After that the States-General re-established the previous arms.
Batavian Republic
The
The substitution in 1801 of the Batavian Republic by the
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Seal of the Batavian Republic, 1796–1802
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Seal of the Batavian Commonwealth, 1802–1806
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Seal of the Batavian Republic Navy
Kingdom of Holland
Napoleon's brother
A few months later, on 20 May 1807, King Louis (now called "Lodewijk") altered these arms, adding a helmet, leaving out his brother’s star and replacing the Grand Aigle with his own Dutch
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Coat of arms of Holland (1806).
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Coat of arms of Holland (1808).
Kingdom of the Netherlands
When William VI of Orange returned to the Netherlands in 1813 and was proclaimed Sovereign Prince of the Netherlands, he quartered the former Arms of the Dutch Republic (1st and 4th quarter) with the "Châlon-Orange" arms (2nd and 3rd quarter), which had come to symbolize Orange. As an in escutcheon he placed his ancestral arms of Nassau. (See House of Orange-Nassau) When he became King in 1815, he combined the Dutch Republic Lion with the billets of the Nassau arms and added a royal crown to form the Coat of arms of the Netherlands. In 1907, Queen Wilhelmina replaced the royal crown on the lion and the shield bearers of the arms with a coronet and had the phallus of the lion removed.[4]
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Arms of the States-General of the Dutch Republic. The sword symbolizes the determination to defend the nation, and the bundle of 7 arrows the unity of the 7 United Provinces of the Dutch Republic.
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Arms of the House of Nassau, of which the Princes of Orange were a cadet (the Ottonian) branch.
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Arms of William VI as sovereign prince of the Netherlands.[5]
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First arms of the Kingdom and Kings of the Netherlands from 1815 to 1907.[6]
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Arms of the Kingdom and Kings of the Netherlands since 1907.[6]
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Coat of Arms of the Sovereign Principality and William VI of Orange 1813-1815.
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Coat of Arms of the Netherlands and the Dutch Monarch 1815-1907.
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Coat of Arms of the Netherlands and the Dutch Monarch after 1907.
References
- ISBN 9780691052472.
- ^ Israel (1995), p. 212
- ^ see Jean Heritière, Catherine di Medici, Allen and Unwin, p397
- ^ "Wapens van leden van het Koninklijk Huis". Coats of Arms of the Dutch Royal Family, Website of the Dutch Monarchy, the Hague. Rijksvoorlichtingsdienst (RVD), the Hague, the Netherlands. Archived from the original on June 7, 2012. Retrieved April 30, 2012.
Bij Koninklijk Besluit van 10 juli 1907 (Stb. 181) werd het Koninklijk Wapen, tevens Rijkswapen, aangepast. De leeuw in het schild en de schildhoudende leeuwen droegen vóór die tijd alle drie de Koninklijke kroon, maar raakten deze kwijt nu de toegevoegde purperen hermelijn gevoerde mantel, gedekt door een purperen baldakijn, een Koningskroon ging dragen. De schildhouders waren vóór 1907 bovendien aanziend in plaats van en profiel.
- ISBN 0-8063-4811-9.
- ^ a b "The Official Website of the Dutch Royal House in English". Archived from the original on May 30, 2013. Retrieved 26 April 2011.
Sources
- Gelderen, M. van (2002), The Political Thought of the Dutch Revolt 1555–1590, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-89163-9.
- Glete, J. (2002),War and the State in Early Modern Europe. Spain, the Dutch Republic and Sweden as Fiscal-Military States, 1500–1660, Routledge, ISBN 0-415-22645-7.
- ISBN 0-19-821139-2.
- Israel, Jonathan (1990), Empires and Entrepôts: The Dutch, the Spanish Monarchy, and the Jews, 1585–1713, Continuum International Publishing Group, ISBN 1-85285-022-1.
- Israel, Jonathan (1995), The Dutch Republic: Its Rise, Greatness, and Fall 1477–1806, Clarendon Press, Oxford, ISBN 0-19-873072-1.
- Motley, John Lothrop (1855). The Rise of the Dutch Republic. Harper & Brothers.
- Rowen, Herbert H. (1978). John de Witt, grand pensionary of Holland, 1625–1672. Princeton University Press.
External links
History of the Netherlands |
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Netherlands portal |