Ernst Ludwig von Gerlach
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Ernst Ludwig von Gerlach (7 March 1795 – 18 February 1877) was a Prussian politician, editor and judge. He is considered one of the main founders and leading thinkers of the Conservative Party in Prussia and was for many years its leader in the Prussian House of Representatives. Like his brother Leopold von Gerlach, he belonged to the circle that formed around the Neue Preußische Zeitung (New Prussian Newspaper), better known as the Kreuzzeitung, in the founding of which he also played a leading role.
Life
Origins and youth
Gerlach was born in
One of the most formative experiences in Gerlach's life was his friendship with Adolf von Thadden-Trieglaff , whom he met in Berlin in 1815. Encouraged in large part by the contact, he and his brother Leopold took active part in the Pomeranian religious revival movement of the 1820s. The religious imprint he received from Pietism in his youth accompanied him, his actions and thoughts throughout his life. His acquaintance with the young Otto von Bismarck also stems from the same time and circle.
Prussian civil service
Gerlach entered the Prussian judicial service in 1820 and became a Superior Regional Court Councilor (Oberlandesgerichtsrat) in Naumburg (Saale) in 1823. After 1835 he was a Regional and Municipal Court Director (Land- und Stadtgerichtsdirektor) in Halle and Vice President of the Superior Regional Court (Oberlandesgericht) in Frankfurt (Oder), succeeding his late brother Wilhelm.
Gerlach also took a deep interest in theological matters, opposing the rationalist trends of his time. In 1827 Gerlach, Ernst Wilhelm Hengstenberg, August Tholuck and others founded the Evangelische Kirchenzeitung, (Newspaper of the Evangelical Church) which became the leading organ of the early conservatives during the Vormärz period. In 1830 he authored an anonymous article for it in which he subjected the philologist Wilhelm Gesenius and the theologian Julius Wegscheider to verbal attacks because of their rationalism. Ultimately neither professor lost his position, although the conflict damaged Wegscheider’s reputation.
He was a member of the "Wilhelmstrasse Club", which had set itself the task of reconstructing a Christian-Germanic state, and was a contributor to the Berliner Politisches Wochenblatt (Berlin Political Weekly) which appeared from 1831 to 1841. In 1842 he became Privy High Councilor of Justice (Geheimer Oberjustizrat), and soon thereafter a member of the State Council and the Legislative Commission under Friedrich Carl von Savigny. In addition to providing expert opinions for the planned establishment of a Journalistic Court (Pressegericht), Gerlach worked as a consultant for a planned reform of Prussian marriage law. In 1844 he became Chief President of the Superior Regional Court (Oberlandesgericht) and Court of Appeals (Appellationsgericht) in Magdeburg, where, together with his brother Leopold, the consistory president Carl Friedrich Göschel and others, he fought the Friends of the Light, a rationalist Protestant group. He left the civil service in 1874.
Political career in politics and journalism
The events of the
In 1849 he became a member of the First Chamber of the
In 1852 Gerlach was elected to the House of Representatives of the Prussian Parliament for the
Late years and break with Bismarck
On the basis of solidarity with its ruling princes, he fought against German unification, which came about in 1871. He opposed the 1866 Austro-Prussian War, as he did keeping Austria out of Germany and Prussia’s annexations in northern Germany, as for example in the pamphlet "The Annexations and the North German Confederation" (1866). A member of the Prussian Parliament beginning in 1873, he showed himself to be one of the fiercest opponents of the church laws of Bismarck's Kulturkampf (cultural struggle) and joined the Catholic Centre Party as a guest. He thus incurred the personal enmity of Otto von Bismarck, with whom he had been friends for decades and in whose political rise he and his brother Leopold had played no small part. Because of his essay Die Civilehe und der Reichskanzler (Civil Marriage and the Imperial Chancellor), charges were brought against him in 1874 at Bismarck's instigation for contempt of authority. Gerlach was subsequently fined and the distribution of the pamphlet banned, which served only to increase its sales. Gerlach then took voluntary leave as Court President (Gerichtspräsident) in Magdeburg, which Emperor Wilhelm I granted him.
In 1877 he was elected member of the Reichstag for the
Historical scholarship’s verdict on Gerlach is quite ambivalent. The historian Hans-Joachim Schoeps emphasized above all Gerlach's basic religious motivation:
All in all, Gerlach’s was a mind oriented less historically than systematically, but he was not a man of objective science [...]. In the end he must be seen as a systematic theocrat, probably the only one of his kind in modern history. He believed in the kingdom of God and regarded it as a political system; he looked at everyday bustle and held up to it God’s eternal demands – as political rallying cries. Only from this insight does the understanding of the man and his actions open up. Any merely political-historical criticism fails in comparison because he was concerned with metapolitics, with something that is more than history.
— Hans-Joachim Schoeps, "Gerlach, Ernst Ludwig" in Neue Deutsche Biographie 6 (1964), pp. 296-299.
Gerlach Archive
The estate of Ernst Ludwig von Gerlach today forms the core of the Gerlach Archive, the family archive of the Gerlachs, which Hans-Joachim Schoeps was able to acquire for the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg in 1954. The focus of the holdings is the "Rohrbecker Archive", which contains Gerlach’s extensive correspondence (approximately 15,000 letters from almost 9,000 correspondents), as well as that of some relatives, various official and political documents, and his diaries (1815–1877). It is now housed at the University's Institute of Political Science and was newly indexed between 2012 and 2015. Since the completion of the cataloguing project in spring 2015, the archive's holdings have been fully catalogued in the Calliope Union Catalogue for Autographs and Bequests.
Works
- Ernst Ludwig von Gerlach: Aufzeichnungen aus seinem Leben und Wirken 1795–1877. Published by Jakob von Gerlach. 2 Volumes: 1795–1848, and 1848–1877. Bahn, Schwerin 1903.
- Ernst Ludwig von Gerlach: Gottesgnadentum und Freiheit. Ausgewählte politische Schriften aus den Jahren 1863 bis 1866. Published and with an afterword by Hans-Christof Kraus. Karolinger, Wien u. a. 2011, ISBN 978-3-85418-141-5.
References
- ^ cf. Kraus: Ernst Ludwig von Gerlach. 1994, pp. 33 ff.
- ^ cf. Kraus: Ernst Ludwig von Gerlach. 1994, p. 398.
- ^ Fritz Specht & Paul Schwabe, Die Reichstagswahlen von 1867 bis 1903. Eine Statistik der Reichstagswahlen nebst den Programmen der Parteien und einem Verzeichnis der gewählten Abgeordneten. 2nd edition. Verlag Carl Heymann, Berlin 1904, p. 117.
Bibliography
- Hellmut Diwald (ed.): Von der Revolution zum Norddeutschen Bund. Politik und Ideengut der preußischen Hochkonservativen 1848–1866, 2 Volumes. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1970.
- Michael Dreyer: "Gerlach, Ernst Ludwig von," in Wolfgang Benz (ed.) Handbuch des Antisemitismus. Judenfeindschaft in Geschichte und Gegenwart, Vol. 2/1, De Gruyter Saur, Berlin/Boston, Mass. 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-24072-0, pp. 276 ff.
- Jürgen von Gerlach: Von Gerlach, Lebensbilder einer Familie in sechs Jahrhunderten. Degener, Insingen 2015, ISBN 978-3-7686-5209-4.
- Bernd Haunfelder: Biographisches Handbuch für das Preußische Abgeordnetenhaus 1849–1867 (= Handbücher zur Geschichte des Parlamentarismus und der politischen Parteien. Volume 5). Droste, Düsseldorf 1994, ISBN 3-7700-5181-5, p. 280, no. 482, "Gerlach, Ernst Ludwig von."
- Hans-Christof Kraus: Ernst Ludwig von Gerlach. politisches Denken und Handeln eines preussischen Altkonservativen (= Schriftenreihe der Historischen Kommission bei der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Vol. 53, 1–2). 2 Volumes. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1994, .
- Hans-Joachim Schoeps (ed.): Aus den Jahren preußischer Not und Erneuerung. Tagebücher und Briefe der Gebrüder Gerlach und ihres Kreises 1805–1820. Haude & Spenersche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Berlin 1966.
- Hans-Joachim Schoeps. "Gerlach, Ernst Ludwig." in Neue Deutsche Biographie (NDB). Volume 6, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1964, ISBN 3-428-00187-7, pages 296–299.
- Karl Wippermann. "Gerlach, Ludwig von." in Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 9, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1879, pages 9–14.
External links
- Literatur von und über Ernst Ludwig von Gerlach in the catalogue of the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek
- von Gerlach, Ernst Ludwig in the database of the Reichstagsabgeordneten
- Biography of Ludwig Ernst von Gerlach. In: Heinrich Best: Datenbank der Abgeordneten der Reichstage des Kaiserreichs 1867/71 bis 1918 (Biorab – Kaiserreich)
- Website des Gerlach-Archivs an der FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg