Christian Social Union in Bavaria

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Christian Social Union in Bavaria
Christlich-Soziale Union in Bayern
4 / 6
(Bavarian seats)
Landtag of Bavaria
85 / 205
European Parliament
6 / 96
Heads of State Governments
1 / 16
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The Christian Social Union in Bavaria (German: Christlich-Soziale Union in Bayernⓘ, CSU) is a Christian democratic[5][6] and conservative[6][7][8][9] political party in Germany. Having a regionalist identity,[10][11] the CSU operates only in Bavaria while its larger counterpart, the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), operates in the other fifteen states of Germany. It differs from the CDU by being somewhat more conservative in social matters, following Catholic social teaching.[12] The CSU is considered the de facto successor of the Weimar-era Catholic Bavarian People's Party.[13]

At the federal level, the CSU forms a common faction in the

International Democrat Union
.

Party leader

Minister-President of Bavaria
, a position that CSU representatives have held from 1946 to 1954 and again since 1957.

History

Franz Josef Strauß
in 1976

1980 federal election, Strauß ran against the incumbent Helmut Schmidt of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) but lost thereafter as the SPD and the Free Democratic Party (FDP) managed to secure an absolute majority together, forming a social-liberal coalition
.

The CSU has led the Bavarian state government since it came into existence in 1946, save from 1954 to 1957 when the SPD formed a state government in coalition with the

GB/BHE
and FDP.

Initially, the separatist Bavaria Party (BP) successfully competed for the same electorate as the CSU, as both parties saw and presented themselves as successors to the BVP. The CSU was ultimately able to win this power struggle for itself. Among other things, the BP was involved in the "casino affair" under dubious circumstances by the CSU at the end of the 1950s and lost considerable prestige and votes. In the 1966 state election, the BP finally left the state parliament.

Before the 2008 elections in Bavaria, the CSU perennially achieved absolute majorities at the state level by itself. This level of dominance is unique among Germany's 16 states.

Chancellor of Germany in 2002, but his preferred CDU/CSU–FDP coalition lost against the SPD candidate Gerhard Schröder's SPD–Green alliance
.

In the

2003 Bavarian state election, the CSU won 60.7% of the vote and 124 of 180 seats in the state parliament. This was the first time any party had won a two-thirds majority in a German state parliament.[15] The Economist later suggested that this exceptional result was due to a backlash against Schröder's government in Berlin.[16] The CSU's popularity declined in subsequent years. Stoiber stepped down from the posts of Minister-President and CSU chairman in September 2007. A year later, the CSU lost its majority in the 2008 Bavarian state election, with its vote share dropping from 60.7% to 43.4%. The CSU remained in power by forming a coalition with the FDP. In the 2009 general election
, the CSU received only 42.5% of the vote in Bavaria in the 2009 election, which by then constituted its weakest showing in the party's history.

The CSU made gains in the 2013 Bavarian state election and the 2013 federal election, which were held a week apart in September 2013. The CSU regained their majority in the Bavarian Landtag and remained in government in Berlin. They had three ministers in the Fourth Merkel cabinet, namely Horst Seehofer (Minister of the Interior, Building and Community), Andreas Scheuer (Minister of Transport and Digital Infrastructure) and Gerd Müller (Minister for Economic Cooperation and Development).

The

percentage points compared to the last result in 2013. After that, the CSU had to form a new coalition government with the minor partner Free Voters of Bavaria
.

The 2021 German federal election saw the worst election result ever for the Union.[17] The CSU also had a weak showing with 5.2% of votes nationally and 31.7% of the total in Bavaria.

Relationship with the CDU

See also: 2018 German government crisis

The CSU is the sister party of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU).[18] Together, they are called the Union.[18] The CSU operates only within Bavaria, and the CDU operates in all states other than Bavaria. While virtually independent,[19] at the federal level the parties form a common CDU/CSU faction. No Chancellor has ever come from the CSU, although Strauß and Edmund Stoiber were CDU/CSU candidates for Chancellor in the 1980 federal election and the 2002 federal election, respectively, which were both won by the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). Below the federal level, the parties are entirely independent.[20]

Since its formation, the CSU has been more

division of Germany into two states after World War II. Although Bavaria like all German states has a separate police and justice system (distinctive and non-federal), the CSU has actively participated in all political affairs of the German Parliament, the German government, the German Bundesrat, the parliamentary elections of the German President, the European Parliament and meetings with Mikhail Gorbachev
in Russia.

Like the CDU, the CSU is

Eurosceptic tendencies were shown in the past.[21]

Leaders

Party chairmen

Chairman From To
1st Josef Müller 17 December 1945 28 May 1949
2nd Hans Ehard 28 May 1949 22 January 1955
3rd Hanns Seidel 22 January 1955 16 February 1961
4th
Franz Josef Strauß
 18 March 1961 3 October 1988
5th
Theodor Waigel
 16 November 1988 16 January 1999
6th Edmund Stoiber 16 January 1999 29 September 2007
7th Erwin Huber 29 September 2007 25 October 2008
8th Horst Seehofer 25 October 2008 19 January 2019
9th Markus Söder 19 January 2019 Present day

Ministers-president

The CSU has contributed eleven of the twelve

Ministers-President of Bavaria since 1945, with only Wilhelm Hoegner
(1945–1946, 1954–1957) of the SPD also holding the office.

Minister-President From To
Fritz Schäffer 28 May 1945 28 September 1945
Hans Ehard (first time) 21 December 1946 14 December 1954
Hanns Seidel 16 October 1957 22 January 1960
Hans Ehard (second time) 26 January 1960 11 December 1962
Alfons Goppel 11 December 1962 6 November 1978
Franz Josef Strauss 6 November 1978 3 October 1988
Max Streibl 19 October 1988 27 May 1993
Edmund Stoiber 28 May 1993 30 September 2007
Günther Beckstein 9 October 2007 27 October 2008
Horst Seehofer 27 October 2008 13 March 2018
Markus Söder 16 March 2018 Present day

Election results

Federal parliament (Bundestag)

Election Constituency Party list Seats +/– Status
Votes % Votes %
1949 1,380,448 5.8 (#4)
24 / 402
 CDU/CSU–FDP–DP
1953 2,450,286 8.9 (#4) 2,427,387 8.8 (#4)
52 / 509
 Increase 28 CDU/CSU–FDP–DP
1957 3,186,150 10.6 (#3) 3,133,060 10.5 (#3)
55 / 519
 Increase 3 CDU/CSU–DP
1961 3,104,742 9.7 (#4) 3,014,471 9.6 (#4)
50 / 521
 Decrease 5 CDU/CSU–FDP
1965 3,204,648 9.9 (#3) 3,136,506 9.6 (#3)
49 / 518
 Increase 1 CDU/CSU–SPD
1969 3,094,176 9.5 (#3) 3,115,652 9.5 (#3)
49 / 518
 Steady 0 Opposition
1972 3,620,625 9.7 (#3) 3,615,183 9.7 (#3)
48 / 518
 Decrease 1 Opposition
1976 4,008,514 10.6 (#3) 4,027,499 10.6 (#3)
53 / 518
 Increase 5 Opposition
1980 3,941,365 10.4 (#3) 3,908,459 10.3 (#4)
52 / 519
 Decrease 1 Opposition (1980–82)
CDU/CSU–FDP (1982–83)
1983 4,318,800 11.1 (#3) 4,140,865 10.6 (#3)
53 / 520
 Increase 1 CDU/CSU–FDP
1987 3,859,244 10.2 (#3) 3,715,827 9.8 (#3)
49 / 519
 Decrease 4 CDU/CSU–FDP
1990 3,423,904 7.4 (#4) 3,302,980 7.1 (#4)
51 / 662
 Increase 2 CDU/CSU–FDP
1994 3,657,627 6.5 (#3) 3,427,196 7.3 (#3)
50 / 672
 Decrease 1 CDU/CSU–FDP
1998 3,602,472 7.3 (#3) 3,324,480 6.8 (#3)
47 / 669
 Decrease 3 Opposition
2002 4,311,178 9.0 (#3) 4,315,080 9.0 (#3)
58 / 603
 Increase 11 Opposition
2005 3,889,990 8.2 (#3) 3,494,309 7.4 (#6)
46 / 614
 Decrease 12 CDU/CSU–SPD
2009 3,191,000 7.4 (#6) 2,830,238 6.5 (#6)
45 / 622
 Decrease 1 CDU/CSU–FDP
2013 3,544,079 8.1 (#4) 3,243,569 7.4 (#5)
56 / 631
 Increase 11 CDU/CSU–SPD
2017 3,255,604 7.0 (#6) 2,869,744 6.2 (#7)
46 / 709
 Decrease 10 CDU/CSU–SPD
2021 2,787,904 6.0 (#6) 2,402,826 5.2 (#6)
45 / 735
 Decrease 1 Opposition

European Parliament

Election Votes % Seats +/–
1979 2,817,120 10.1 (#3)
8 / 81
1984 2,109,130 8.5 (#3)
7 / 81
 Decrease 1
1989 2,326,277 8.2 (#4)
7 / 81
 Steady 0
1994 2,393,374 6.8 (#4)
8 / 99
 Increase 1
1999 2,540,007 9.4 (#4)
10 / 99
 Increase 2
2004 2,063,900 8.0 (#4)
9 / 99
 Decrease 1
2009 1,896,762 7.2 (#6)
8 / 99
 Decrease 1
2014 1,567,258 5.3 (#6)
5 / 96
 Decrease 3
2019 2,354,816 6.3 (#5)
6 / 96
 Increase 1

Landtag of Bavaria

Election Constituency Party list Seats +/– Status
Votes % Votes %
1946 1,593,908 52.2 (#1)
104 / 180
 CSU–SPD
1950 1,264,993 26.8 (#1) 1,262,377 27.4 (#1)
64 / 204
 Decrease 40 CSU–SPD
1954 1,855,995 37.6 (#1) 1,835,959 37.9 (#1)
83 / 204
 Increase 19 Opposition
1958 2,101,645 44.8 (#1) 2,091,259 45.5 (#1)
101 / 204
 Increase 18 CSU–FDP–BHE
1962 2,343,169 47.1 (#1) 2,320,359 47.5 (#1)
108 / 204
 Increase 7 CSU–BP
1966 2,549,610 47.7 (#1) 2,524,732 48.1 (#1)
110 / 204
 Increase 2 CSU majority
1970 3,205,170 56.2 (#1) 3,139,429 56.4 (#1)
124 / 204
 Increase 14 CSU majority
1974 3,520,065 61.7 (#1) 3,481,486 62.0 (#1)
132 / 204
 Increase 8 CSU majority
1978 3,394,096 58.5 (#1) 3,387,995 59.1 (#1)
129 / 204
 Decrease 3 CSU majority
1982 3,557,068 57.9 (#1) 3,534,375 58.2 (#1)
133 / 204
 Increase 4 CSU majority
1986 3,142,094 54.9 (#1) 3,191,640 55.7 (#1)
128 / 204
 Decrease 5 CSU majority
1990 3,007,566 52.6 (#1) 3,085,948 54.9 (#1)
127 / 204
 Decrease 1 CSU majority
1994 3,063,635 52.2 (#1) 3,100,253 52.8 (#1)
120 / 204
 Decrease 7 CSU majority
1998 3,168,996 51.7 (#1) 3,278,768 52.9 (#1)
123 / 204
 Increase 3 CSU majority
2003 3,050,456 59.3 (#1) 3,167,408 60.6 (#1)
124 / 180
 Increase 1 CSU majority
2008 2,267,521 42.5 (#1) 2,336,439 43.4 (#1)
92 / 187
 Decrease 32 CSU–FDP
2013 2,754,256 46.5 (#1) 2,882,169 47.7 (#1)
101 / 180
 Increase 9 CSU majority
2018 2,495,186 36.7 (#1) 2,551,046 37.2 (#1)
85 / 205
 Decrease 16 CSU–FW
2023 2,527,580 37.0 (#1) 2,531,562 37.1 (#1)
85 / 203
 Steady CSU-FW

See also

Notes and references

  1. ^ "Bavaria's parties lose members". Süddeutsche Zeitung (in German). 8 February 2023.
  2. OCLC 461254258
    .
  3. ^ Klaus Detterbeck (2012). Multi-Level Party Politics in Western Europe. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 105.
  4. OCLC 885477730
    .
  5. ISBN 978-0-313-39181-1
    .
  6. ^ a b Nordsieck, Wolfram (2017). "Germany". Parties and Elections in Europe.
  7. ^
    ISBN 9780521306485
    .
  8. ISBN 978-0-415-58466-1
    .
  9. ISBN 978-0-521-51568-9
    .
  10. ISBN 978-1-78471-567-0
    .
  11. S2CID 146439508. Archived
    (PDF) from the original on 10 October 2022.
  12. ^ "Streit in der CSU über Sozialpolitik entbrannt". Süddeutsche Zeitung. 19 May 2010.
  13. ISBN 9780816074716
    .
  14. ^ "Results – The Federal Returning Officer". bundeswahlleiter.de (in German). The Federal Returning Officer.
  15. ^ Clayton Clemens. "Stoiber – Dominant But Not Omnipotent". Archived 3 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine American Institute for Contemporary German Studies. Retrieved 7 June 2008.
  16. ^ "The Economist: Old soldiers march into the unknown".
  17. ^ "Germany election: worst ever result momentarily silences CDU". the Guardian. 26 September 2021. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
  18. ^ a b "A Quick Guide to Germany's Political Parties". Der Spiegel. 25 September 2009. Retrieved 1 December 2012.
  19. ISBN 978-0-521-27793-8
    .
  20. ISBN 978-0-521-27793-8
    .
  21. ^ Vitzthum, Thomas (21 December 2018). "Plötzlich entdeckt die CSU ihre Zuneigung zur EU wieder". Die Welt. Retrieved 21 December 2018.

Further reading

  • Alf Mintzel (1975). Die CSU. Anatomie einer konservativen Partei 1945–1972 (in German). Opladen.
    ISBN 9783531112787
    .

External links
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