Freight transport
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Freight transport, also referred as freight forwarding, is the physical process of
Modes of shipment
In 2015, 108 trillion
Grounds
Land or "ground" shipping can be made by
Ship
Much freight transport is done by cargo ships. An individual nation's fleet and the people that crew it are referred to as its merchant navy or merchant marine. According to a 2018 report from the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), merchant shipping (or seaborne trade) carries 80-90% of international trade and 60-70% by value.[3]: 4 On rivers and canals, barges are often used to carry bulk cargo.
Air
Cargo is transported by
Multimodal
Cargo is exchanged between different modes of transportation via transport hubs, also known as transport interchanges or Nodes (e.g. train stations, airports, etc.). Cargo is shipped under a single contract but performed using at least two different modes of transport (e.g. ground and air). Cargo may not be containerized.
Intermodal
Multimodal transport featuring containerized cargo (or intermodal container) that is easily transferred between ship, rail, plane and truck.
For example, a shipper works together with both ground and air transportation to ship an item overseas. Intermodal freight transport is used to plan the route and carry out the shipping service from the manufacturer to the door of the recipient.[4][5]
Terms of shipment
Admiralty law |
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History |
Features |
Contract of carriage/Charterparty |
Parties |
Judiciaries |
International conventions |
International organizations |
The Incoterms (or International Commercial Terms) published by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) are accepted by governments, legal authorities, and practitioners worldwide for the interpretation of the most commonly used terms in international trade. Common terms include:
- Free on Board (FOB)
- Cost and Freight (CFR, C&F, CNF)
- Cost, Insurance and Freight (CIF)
The term "best way" generally implies that the shipper will choose the carrier that offers the lowest rate (to the shipper) for the shipment. In some cases, however, other factors, such as better insurance or faster transit time, will cause the shipper to choose an option other than the lowest bidder.
Door-to-door shipping
Door-to-door (DTD or D2D) shipping refers to the domestic or international shipment of cargo from the point of origin (POI) to the destination while generally remaining on the same piece of equipment and avoiding multiple transactions, trans-loading, and cross-docking without interim storage.
International DTD is a service provided by many
See also
- Affreightment
- Automatic identification system
- Mid-stream operation
- Outline of transport
- Ship transport
- Rail transport
- Transshipment
- Greek shipping
- Chinese shipping
- Environmental issues with shipping
- List of cargo types
- Right of way (shipping)
- Shipping markets
- Full container load(FCL)
- Less than container load(LCL)
References
- S2CID 214463529.
- ^ "Global Freight Demand to Triple by 2050". The Maritime Executive. May 27, 2019.
- ^ United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). "50 Years of Review of Maritime Transport, 1968-2018: Reflecting on the past, exploring the future" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 March 2022. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
- ^ Ltd., Core Management Logistics. "Freight Forwarding - CML". www.cmlplc.com. Retrieved 2016-11-21.
- ^ Ltd., Mach 1 Global Logistics (16 January 2018). "Freight Shipping Services". mach1global.com/. Retrieved 2018-01-22.
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: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "Delta Cargo, Roadie partner to offer door-to-door parcel delivery service in US". Stat Trade Times. October 31, 2019. Retrieved 2019-10-31.
Citations
- "Review of Maritime Transport 2014" (PDF). United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-01-15.
- "Special Chapter: Asia". Review Maritime Transport 2010 Flyer. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. 2010. Retrieved 9 December 2011.[permanent dead link]
External links
- Schreiber, Zvi 2016: The Year Freight Goes Online. December 2015
- Bloomberg.com First Cryptocurrency Freight Deal Takes Russian Wheat to Turkey. January 2018