Help:IPA/Nguni

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

The charts below show the way in which the IPA is used to transcribe the Nguni languages Swazi, Xhosa, and Zulu. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

A superscript X marks a sound or spelling found specifically in Xhosa, S in Swazi, and Z specifically in Zulu. Sounds marked * only appear in loanwords.

Consonants
Non-click
IPA Orthography English approximation
b bh book
ɓ b bag, but implosive
d
 		d dip
dʒ j just
dz dz dads
dv dvs hand valve
f f find
ɡ g give
ɠ kz good, but implosive
h h have
ɦ hh behind
j y yet
k kh can
kʼ k back, with glottalization
k̬ ks Glottalized bag
kxʼ klz, krx No English equivalent
kʟ̝̊ klz, krx Similar to clinic
l
 		l like
ɬ
 		hl No English equivalent; Welsh llwyd
ɮ
 		dl No English equivalent; Welsh llwyd, but
voiced
m m mode
n
 		n night
ŋ ngʼx, ngzs[1] sing
ɲ ny canyon
p ph pin
pʼ p lip, with glottalization
r
 		r right, but trilled
s s see
ʃ sh ship
t
 		th tip
tʼ
 		t bit, with glottalization
ts ts cats
tf tfs thoughtful
tsʼ ts cats, with glottalization
tʃʼ tsh catch, with glottalization
v v vine
w w wind
x rhx Scottish loch
ɣ grx No English equivalent; Spanish amigo
ʒ zhx pleasure
z z zip
ʔ (ʔ)x Pause in uh-oh!
Click[2]
IPA Orthography
ᵏǀ c
ᵏǀʼ c
ᵏǁ
 		x
ᵏǁʼ x
ᵏǃ q
ᵏǃʼ q
ᶢǀ gc
ᶢǁ
 		gx
ᶢǃ gq
ᵑǀ
 		nc
ᵑǁ
 		nx
ᵑǃ
 		nq
Other symbols
◌̃ nasalisation (placed above consonant)
◌ʰ Aspirated consonant (placed after consonant)
◌ʱ Breathy voice (placed after consonant)
◌ʲ Palatalisation (placed after consonant)
◌̠ Retracted consonant (placed below consonant)
◌̤ / ◌̈ / ◌̥ / ◌̊ slack voice (placed above or below consonant)
Vowels
IPA Orthography English approximation
a[3] a cat or father[4]
ɛ e bed
e e bay
i i beat
ɔ o British English off
o o story
u u cool
ː long vowel
Tones
Tone mark Tone Bar
á ˦
à ˨
âː ˥˩
ǎ̤ ˨˦
à̤ ˨
a̤᷈ː ˨˧˨

Notes

  1. ^ The velar nasal [ŋ] may be pronounced as [ŋg] in Swazi.
  2. Tut-tut or Tsk! Tsk!, tchick!, and clip-clop! interjections
    .
  3. ^ /a/ is phonetically realised as an open front unrounded vowel [a] in Swazi, an open central unrounded vowel [ä] in Zulu and an open back unrounded vowel in Xhosa [ɑ].
  4. ^ Realized similar to cat in Swazi, similar to father in Xhosa, and in between the two in Zulu

See also

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Nguni&oldid=1254782339"