Ilankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi
Ilankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi Federal Party இலங்கைத் தமிழரசுக் கட்சி | |
---|---|
Tamil nationalism | |
National affiliation | Tamil National Alliance Tamil United Liberation Front (1972–2004) |
Parliament | 10 / 225 |
Election symbol | |
House | |
Party flag | |
Ilankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi (lit. 'Sri Lanka Tamil State Party';
History
Federal Party
ITAK was founded in late 1949 by a group of three
Policies adopted by successive Sri Lankan governments, and the 1956 success of the Sinhalese nationalist government under
The TULF became the first Tamil nationalist party to run on a separatist platform in the 1977 election. It gained a majority of the votes in the north and east, won 18 seats, and became the largest opposition party in parliament.[6] As Tamil nationalism turned violent and civil war broke out, the TULF remained the moderate face of Tamil politics. It became the target of nationalists on both sides and many of its leaders were assassinated.
Tamil National Alliance
In 2001, the TULF formed a political alliance, the
Election results
1952 Parliamentary General Election
In the first general election contested by ITAK, the
1956 Parliamentary General Election
In the
Votes and seats won by ITAK by electoral district
Electoral District | Votes | % | Seats | Turnout | ITAK MP |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Batticaloa
|
9,300 | 52.05% | 1 | 61.57% | Chelliah Rajadurai |
Chavakachcheri
|
15,952 | 64.77% | 1 | 69.14% | V. N. Navaratnam |
Jaffna
|
7,173 | 32.56% | 0 | 63.72% | |
Kalkudah | 4,555 | 28.31% | 0 | 60.80% | |
Kalmunai | 9,464 | 47.80% | 1 | 71.78% | M. S. Kariapper |
Kankesanthurai | 14,855 | 54.30% | 1 | 67.55% | S. J. V. Chelvanayakam |
Kayts | 16,308 | 71.19% | 1 | 71.26% | V. A. Kandiah |
Kopay | 12,804 | 53.83% | 1 | 69.90% | C. Vanniasingam |
Mannar | 6,726 | 53.12% | 1 | 80.70% | V. A. Alegacone |
Paddirippu | 9,422 | 49.72% | 0 | 74.17% | |
Point Pedro | 5,859 | 20.70% | 0 | 64.17% | |
Pottuvil | 8,355 | 52.46% | 1 | 63.81% | M. M. Mustapha |
Trincomalee
|
7,048 | 56.88% | 1 | 77.36% | N. R. Rajavarothiam |
Vaddukoddai | 14,937 | 57.92% | 1 | 72.78% | A. Amirthalingam |
Total | 142,758 | 5.39% | 10 | ||
Source: Department of Elections Archived 11 February 2021 at the Wayback Machine |
ITAK's uncompromising stand on Tamil rights earned it the enmity of nationalist
Unlike the Left parties, which opposed anything but full parity for the Tamil language, ITAK agreed to compromise and accepted the 1958 the Tamil Language (Special Provisions) Act in accordance with the Bandaranaike–Chelvanayakam Pact.
1960 (March) Parliamentary General Election
In the
Votes and seats won by ITAK by electoral district
Electoral District | Votes | % | Seats | Turnout | ITAK MP |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Batticaloa
|
28,309 | 47.62% | 1 | 159.67% | Chelliah Rajadurai |
Chavakachcheri
|
13,907 | 65.26% | 1 | 83.20% | V. N. Navaratnam |
Jaffna
|
5,101 | 29.35% | 0 | 71.91% | |
Kalkudah | 7,318 | 48.51% | 1 | 83.46% | P. Manicavasagam |
Kalmunai | 5,520 | 39.67% | 0 | 79.41% | |
Kankesanthurai | 13,545 | 67.61% | 1 | 71.22% | S. J. V. Chelvanayakam |
Kayts | 10,820 | 56.61% | 1 | 75.34% | V. A. Kandiah |
Kilinochchi | 3,741 | 41.76% | 1 | 64.89% | A. Sivasunderam |
Kopay | 10,279 | 48.63% | 1 | 77.13% | M. Balasundaram |
Mannar | 6,463 | 47.37% | 1 | 81.31% | V. A. Alegacone |
Mutur | 10,685 | 26.73% | 1 | 144.20% | T. Ahambaram |
Nallur | 9,651 | 49.36% | 1 | 73.12% | E. M. V. Naganathan |
Paddirippu | 10,799 | 62.36% | 1 | 89.91% | S. M. Rasamanickam |
Point Pedro | 5,679 | 40.34% | 1 | 73.33% | K. Thurairatnam |
Trincomalee
|
8,872 | 71.43% | 1 | 65.96% | N. R. Rajavarothiam |
Udupiddy | 3,860 | 18.19% | 0 | 74.84% | |
Uduvil | 9,033 | 44.07% | 1 | 75.92% | V. Dharmalingam |
Vaddukoddai | 11,524 | 53.52% | 1 | 75.37% | A. Amirthalingam |
Vavuniya | 1,338 | 10.78% | 0 | 67.76% | |
Total | 176,444 | 5.80% | 15 | ||
Source: Department of Elections Archived 11 February 2021 at the Wayback Machine |
1960 (July) Parliamentary General Election
In the
1965 Parliamentary General Election
In the
Votes and seats won by ITAK by electoral district
Electoral District | Votes | % | Seats | Turnout | ITAK MP |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Batticaloa
|
29,023 | 43.47% | 1 | 150.59% | Chelliah Rajadurai |
Chavakachcheri
|
16,316 | 69.41% | 1 | 77.92% | V. N. Navaratnam |
Jaffna
|
6,800 | 30.81% | 0 | 77.76% | |
Kalkudah | 6,096 | 35.22% | 0 | 72.70% | |
Kalmunai | 6,235 | 32.69% | 0 | 86.07% | |
Kankesanthurai | 14,735 | 58.24% | 1 | 72.42% | S. J. V. Chelvanayakam |
Kayts | 13,558 | 69.98% | 1 | 61.49% | V. Navaratnam |
Kilinochchi | 5,922 | 44.69% | 1 | 71.33% | K. P. Ratnam |
Kopay | 12,339 | 51.93% | 1 | 72.90% | S. Kathiravelupillai |
Mannar | 6,896 | 39.52% | 1 | 82.04% | V. A. Alegacone |
Mutur | 20,237 | 35.64% | 1 | 150.92% | M. E. H. Mohamed Ali |
Nallur | 10,301 | 45.05% | 1 | 72.03% | E. M. V. Naganathan |
Paddirippu | 11,270 | 51.50% | 1 | 85.23% | S. M. Rasamanickam |
Point Pedro | 7,564 | 46.24% | 1 | 71.62% | K. Thurairatnam |
Pottuvil | 871 | 4.53% | 0 | 82.26% | |
Trincomalee
|
9,651 | 48.48% | 1 | 73.00% | S. M. Manickarajah |
Udupiddy | 8,452 | 32.85% | 0 | 75.47% | |
Uduvil | 11,638 | 48.61% | 1 | 72.80% | V. Dharmalingam |
Vaddukoddai | 15,498 | 60.78% | 1 | 69.83% | A. Amirthalingam |
Vavuniya | 4,512 | 25.05% | 0 | 73.45% | |
Total | 217,914 | 5.38% | 14 | ||
Source: Department of Elections Archived 11 February 2021 at the Wayback Machine |
1970 Parliamentary General Election
In the
Votes and seats won by ITAK by electoral district
Electoral District | Votes | % | Seats | Turnout | ITAK MP |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Batticaloa
|
27,661 | 33.17% | 1 | 164.35% | Chelliah Rajadurai |
Chavakachcheri
|
15,473 | 54.49% | 1 | 86.11% | V. N. Navaratnam |
Jaffna
|
8,848 | 35.59% | 1 | 79.89% | C. X. Martyn |
Kalkudah | 8,420 | 37.97% | 0 | 83.59% | |
Kalmunai | 4,960 | 23.00% | 0 | 87.77% | |
Kankesanthurai | 13,520 | 44.29% | 1 | 81.03% | S. J. V. Chelvanayakam |
Kayts | 13,079 | 53.35% | 1 | 76.88% | K. P. Ratnam |
Kilinochchi | 8,392 | 46.55% | 0 | 76.03% | |
Kopay | 16,428 | 43.92% | 1 | 79.01% | S. Kathiravelupillai |
Mannar | 10,697 | 48.98% | 1 | 86.34% | V. A. Alegacone |
Mutur | 19,787 | 25.87% | 1 | 174.73% | A. Thangathurai |
Nallur | 12,508 | 44.61% | 0 | 78.69% | |
Paddirippu | 12,723 | 48.76% | 0 | 90.45% | |
Point Pedro | 9,217 | 48.50% | 1 | 79.52% | K. Thurairatnam |
Trincomalee
|
12,395 | 45.83% | 1 | 76.61% | B. Neminathan |
Udupiddy | 12,918 | 46.54% | 1 | 80.41% | Kandappa Jeyakody |
Uduvil | 14,120 | 49.27% | 1 | 78.43% | V. Dharmalingam |
Vaddukoddai | 13,634 | 48.71% | 0 | 78.67% | |
Vavuniya | 10,947 | 42.99% | 1 | 80.82% | X. M. Sellathambu |
Total | 245,727 | 4.92% | 13 | ||
Source: Department of Elections Archived 11 February 2021 at the Wayback Machine |
1977 Parliamentary General Election
In the first general election contested by the TULF, the
Votes and seats won by TULF by electoral district
Electoral District | Votes | % | Seats | Turnout | TULF MP |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Batticaloa
|
26,648 | 24.70% | 1 | 171.15% | Chelliah Rajadurai |
Chavakachcheri
|
20,028 | 63.27% | 1 | 85.65% | V. N. Navaratnam |
Jaffna
|
16,251 | 56.62% | 1 | 82.32% | V. Yogeswaran |
Kalkudah | 12,595 | 43.07% | 0 | 86.02% | |
Kalmunai | 7,093 | 27.38% | 0 | 89.86% | |
Kankesanthurai | 31,155 | 85.41% | 1 | 83.08% | A. Amirthalingam |
Kayts | 17,640 | 64.05% | 1 | 75.72% | K. P. Ratnam |
Kilinochchi | 15,607 | 73.42% | 1 | 79.71% | V. Anandasangaree |
Kopay | 25,840 | 77.20% | 1 | 80.03% | S. Kathiravelupillai |
Manipay
|
27,550 | 83.99% | 1 | 79.28% | V. Dharmalingam |
Mannar | 15,141 | 51.58% | 1 | 92.40% | P. S. Soosaithasan |
Mullaitivu | 10,261 | 52.36% | 1 | 79.34% | X. M. Sellathambu |
Mutur | 7,520 | 27.00% | 0 | 91.65% | |
Nallur | 29,858 | 89.42% | 1 | 83.05% | M. Sivasithamparam |
Paddirippu | 15,877 | 49.17% | 1 | 89.92% | P. Ganeshalingam |
Point Pedro | 12,989 | 55.91% | 1 | 81.66% | K. Thurairatnam |
Pottuvil | 23,990 | 26.97% | 1 | 179.02% | M. Kanagaratnam |
Puttalam | 3,268 | 10.52% | 0 | 83.58% | |
Sammanthurai
|
8,615 | 34.65% | 0 | 91.04% | |
Trincomalee
|
15,144 | 51.76% | 1 | 81.78% | R. Sampanthan |
Udupiddy | 18,768 | 63.44% | 1 | 80.05% | T. Rasalingam |
Vaddukoddai | 23,384 | 70.18% | 1 | 81.90% | T. Thirunavukarasu |
Vavuniya | 13,821 | 59.02% | 1 | 82.31% | T. Sivasithamparam |
Total | 399,043 | 6.40% | 18 | ||
Source:[9] |
The TULF became the official opposition as result of the rout of the
mobs.Throughout the 1970s and early 1980s, the TULF was frequently blamed by nationalist
In October 1983, all the TULF legislators, numbering sixteen at the time, forfeited their seats in Parliament for refusing to swear an oath unconditionally renouncing support for a separate state in accordance with the Sixth Amendment to the Constitution of Sri Lanka.
During the 1980s, the LTTE began to see the TULF as a rival in its desire to be considered the sole representatives of the Tamils of the north and east. Over the next two decades, the LTTE assassinated several TULF leaders, including
1989 Parliamentary General Election
The TULF formed an alliance with the three
Votes and seats won by TULF / ENDLF / EPRLF / TULF alliance by electoral district
Electoral
District |
Votes | % | Seats | Turnout | TULF / ENDLF / EPRLF / TELO MPs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Batticaloa | 55,131 | 35.49% | 3 | 71.74% | Prince Gunarasa Casinader (EPRLF) Govinthan Karunakaram (TELO) Samuel Pennington Thavarasa Tambimuttu (EPRLF), murdered 11 May 1990 Joseph Pararajasingham (TULF), from 1990 (replaces Sam Tambimuttu (EPRLF)) |
Digamadulla
|
43,424 | 20.32% | 1 | 80.41% | Jeyaratnam Thiviya Nadan (EPRLF) |
Jaffna | 60,013 | 25.02% | 3 | 40.50% | Kandiah Navaratnam (EPRLF) Suresh Premachandran (EPRLF) Ganeshankari Yogasangari (EPRLF), murdered 19 June 1990 |
Vanni | 17,271 | 39.99% | 2 | 30.53% | Raja Kuhaneswaran (TELO) Anthony Emmanuel Silva (EPRLF) |
National List | 1 | A. Amirthalingam (TULF), murdered 13 July 1989 Mavai Senathirajah (replaces A. Amirthalingam) | |||
Total | 188,593 | 3.40% | 10 | 63.6% | |
Sources:[10][11] |
1994 Parliamentary General Election
In the
Votes and seats won by TULF by electoral district
Electoral
District |
Votes | % | Seats | Turnout | TULF MPs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Batticaloa | 76,516 | 43.95% | 3 | 66.47% | Joseph Pararajasingham P. Selvarasa K. Thurairasasingham |
Trincomalee | 28,380 | 23.66% | 1 | 65.15% | A. Thangathurai |
National List | 1 | Neelan Tiruchelvam, murdered 29 July 1999 Mavai Senathirajah, from August 1999 (replaces Neelan Tiruchelvam) | |||
Total | 132,461 | 1.60% | 5 | 76.23% | |
Sources:[12][13] |
2000 Parliamentary General Election
In the
Electoral
District |
Votes | % | Seats | Turnout | TULF MPs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Batticaloa | 54,448 | 29.20% | 2 | 71.74% | Joseph Pararajasingham Nimalan Soundaranayagam |
Jaffna | 32,852 | 27.59% | 3 | 21.32% | Sinnathamby Sivamaharajah
|
Trincomalee | 14,090 | 10.58% | 0 | 68.52% | |
Vanni | 4,643 | 5.58% | 0 | 42.13% | |
National List | 0 | ||||
Total | 106,033 | 1.23% | 5 | 75.62% | |
Sources:[14][15][16] |
2001 Parliamentary General Election
In the first parliamentary election contested by the
Votes and seats won by TNA by electoral district
Electoral District |
Votes | % | Seats | Turnout | TNA MPs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ampara | 48,789 | 17.41% | 1 | 82.51% | A. Chandranehru (TULF) |
Batticaloa | 86,284 | 48.17% | 3 | 68.20% | G. Krishnapillai (ACTC) Joseph Pararajasingham (TULF) Thambiraja Thangavadivel (TELO) |
Colombo | 12,696 | 1.20% | 0 | 76.31% | |
Jaffna | 102,324 | 54.84% | 6 | 31.14% | V. Anandasangaree (TULF) Gajendrakumar Ponnambalam (ACTC) Nadarajah Raviraj (TULF) Mavai Senathirajah (TULF) M. K. Shivajilingam (TELO) A. Vinayagamoorthy (ACTC) |
Trincomalee | 56,121 | 34.83% | 1 | 79.88% | R. Sampanthan (TULF) |
Vanni | 41,950 | 44.39% | 3 | 46.77% | Selvam Adaikalanathan (TELO) Sivasakthy Ananthan (EPRLF) Irasa Kuhaneswaran (TELO) |
National List | 1 | M. Sivasithamparam (TULF), died 5 June 2002 K. Thurairetnasingam (TULF) (replaces M. Sivasithamparam) | |||
Total | 348,164 | 3.88% | 15 | 76.03% | |
Source:"Parliamentary General Election 2001, Final District Results". Department of Elections, Sri Lanka. |
2004 Parliamentary General Election
In the
Votes and seats won by TNA by electoral district
Electoral District |
Votes | % | Seats | Turnout | TNA MPs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ampara | 55,533 | 19.13% | 1 | 81.42% | K. Pathmanathan, died 21 May 2009 Thomas Thangathurai William, from 12 June 2009 (replaces K. Pathmanathan) |
Batticaloa | 161,011 | 66.71% | 4 | 83.58% | Senathirajah Jeyanandamoorthy , from 18 May 2004 (replaces Kingsley Rasanayagam)
Thanmanpillai Kanagasabai Thangeswary Kathiraman Kingsley Rasanayagam, resigned April 2004 P. Ariyanethiran |
Jaffna | 257,320 | 90.60% | 8 | 47.38% | Kidnan Sivanesan )
|
Trincomalee | 68,955 | 37.72% | 2 | 85.44% | ITAK )
|
Vanni | 90,835 | 64.71% | 5 | 66.64% | ) |
National List | 2 | Chandra Nehru Chandrakanthan, from 27 September 2006 (replaces Joseph Pararajasingham) )
Raseen Mohammed Imam, from 5 February 2008 (replaces M. K. Eelaventhan | |||
Total | 633,654 | 6.84% | 22 | 75.96% | |
Source:"Parliamentary General Election 2004, Final District Results". Department of Elections, Sri Lanka. |
2010 Parliamentary General Election
In the
Votes and seats won by the TNA by electoral district
Electoral District |
Votes | % | Seats | Turnout | TNA MPs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ampara | 26,895 | 10.47% | 1 | 64.74% | Podiappuhamy Piyasena |
Batticaloa | 66,235 | 36.67% | 3 | 58.56% | ITAK )
|
Jaffna | 65,119 | 43.85% | 5 | 23.33% | ITAK)
A. Vinayagamoorthy |
Trincomalee | 33,268 | 23.81% | 1 | 62.20% | ITAK )
|
Vanni | 41,673 | 38.96% | 3 | 43.89% | Selvam Adaikalanathan (TELO) Sivasakthy Ananthan (EPRLF) Vino Noharathalingam (TELO) |
National List | 1 | ITAK )
| |||
Total | 233,190 | 2.90% | 14 | 61.26% | |
Source:"Parliamentary General Election – 2010". Department of Elections, Sri Lanka. |
References
- ^ "TNA submits nomination lists for NE electoral districts". TamilNet. 23 February 2004. Retrieved 28 February 2010.
- ^ Sri Lankan Tamil Nationalism by A. Jeyaratnam Wilson. Published by C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, 2000
- ISBN 0-313-33205-3.
- The Daily Mirror (Sri Lanka).
- ISBN 0-8248-1608-0.
- ^ DBS Jeyaraj. "TULF leader passes away". Hindu News. Archived from the original on 24 January 2009. Retrieved 4 May 2008.
- ^ "PARLIAMENTARY GENERAL ELECTION - 2001 ALL ISLAND RESULT Composition of Parliament". Department of Elections, Sri Lanka. Archived from the original on 26 August 2010. Retrieved 28 February 2010.
- ^ "Objection against TNA using HOUSE symbol rejected". TamilNet. 28 February 2004. Retrieved 28 February 2010.
- ^ "Result of Parliamentary General Election 1977" (PDF). Department of Elections, Sri Lanka. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 July 2011.
- ^ "Result of Parliamentary General Election 1989" (PDF). Department of Elections, Sri Lanka. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2009. Retrieved 10 April 2010.
- ^ D. B. S. Jeyaraj (1 January 2006). "The benign parliamentarian from Batticaloa". TransCurrents. Archived from the original on 10 November 2009.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "Result of Parliamentary General Election 1994" (PDF). Department of Elections, Sri Lanka. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 October 2010.
- ^ "Senathirajah - new TULF MP". The Island, Sri Lanka. 15 August 1999. Archived from the original on 1 October 2008.
- ^ "Parliamentary General Election 10.10.2000, Final District Results". Department of Elections, Sri Lanka. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012.
- ^ "EPDP gets four seats in Jaffna". TamilNet. 11 October 2000.
- ^ "Pararajasingham elected on final count". TamilNet. 11 October 2000.