India–Indonesia relations
India |
Indonesia |
---|---|
Diplomatic mission | |
Embassy of India, Jakarta | Embassy of Indonesia, New Delhi |
Envoy | |
Indian Ambassador to Indonesia | Indonesian Ambassador to India |
India and Indonesia established diplomatic relations in 1951. Both countries are neighbours, India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Indonesia along the Andaman Sea.
The Indian-Indonesian relationship stretches back for almost two millennia. In 1950, the first President of Indonesia, Sukarno, called upon the peoples of Indonesia and India to "intensify the cordial relations" that had existed between the two countries "for more than 1000 years" before they had been "disrupted" by colonial powers.[1]
India has an
India and Indonesia are among the largest democracies in the world.
According to a 2013 BBC World Service Poll, 51% of Indonesians view India's influence positively, with 21% expressing a negative view.[7]
History
Archaeology
South Indian origin rouletted ware at the site of Simberan, Bali has produced a carbon dating of 660 BCE (+/- 100). The population exchanges and intermarriages in the island of Bali between Indonesians and Indians has been archaeologically dated to second century BCE.[8]
Religious ties
The ties between Indonesia and India date back to the times of the
The name Indonesia derives from the Latin Indus, meaning "India", and the Greek nesos, meaning "island". (due to the similarity of the culture in both regions).
Indonesia entered its historical period after the adoption of
The Indian Epics — the Ramayana and the
Cultural admiration is not one-sided however, Indians also relate closely to
India and Indonesia officially signed a treaty of friendship on 3 March 1951.
Throughout their shared history, most of relations between India and Indonesia were harmonious and peaceful, except during
President of Indonesia Sukarno was the first chief guest at the annual Republic Day parade of India in 1950. In the year 2011, President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono was the chief guest for the same event.[6]
-
Sailendra dynasty, the temple's design in Gupta architecture reflects India's influence on the region.[17]
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The Balinese script in a Hindu temple. India introduced the first form of writing to Indonesia, which evolved into the writing scripts still used in Bali and Java.[19]
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Idli, an Indian savoury cake from South India.
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Roti canai, an Indian-influenced flatbread found in Indonesia.
Strategic partnership
India and Indonesia, united by historic cultural ties, have signed strategic partnership agreement to enhance cooperation in the national and maritime security and safety, trade connectivity, infrastructure and economic development. India's southernmost territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands lies close to Aceh province of Indonesia, an area which is an important global trade route. In May 2018, "Shared Vision of Maritime Cooperation in the Indo Pacific" agreement was signed when Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi visited Indonesia. Subsequently, Indian Navy and Indonesian Navy have been hosting bilateral "Samudra Shakti" naval exercise since November 2018 including in Java Sea and Andaman Sea. These exercises are an significant enhancement of operational engagement between these two navies after their 2002 "Ind-Indo Corpat" agreement. India and Indonesia are also jointly developing Sabang Deep sea Port, and Indian naval ships have been regularly visiting this port after the signing of the agreement. Several Indian navy ships undertook naval exercises and visits to Indonesia e.g. a destroyer INS Rana in 2002, INS Sumitra in July 2018, INS VIJIT in 2019.[20]
Economic relations
On 25 January 2011, after talks by Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and visiting President of Indonesia Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, India and Indonesia had signed business deals worth billions of dollars and set an ambitious target of doubling trade over the next five years.[21]
Yudhoyono's Second United Indonesia Cabinet was announced in October 2009 after he was re-elected as president earlier in the year. The vice-president in Yudhoyono's second cabinet was Dr. Boediono. Boediono replaced Jusuf Kalla who was vice-president in the first Yudhoyono cabinet.
India also has further economic ties with Indonesia through its free trade agreement with ASEAN, of which Indonesia is a member.[22]
The two countries target to achieve bilateral trade of $25 billion by 2015, with cumulative Indian investments of $20 billion in Indonesia.[5]
Culture
Historically, Indonesian archipelago was heavily influenced by
The cultural ties still continue, with popular Indonesian
See also
Further reading
- Hoadley, M. C. (1991). Sanskritic continuity in Southeast Asia: The ṣaḍātatāyī and aṣṭacora in Javanese law. Delhi: Aditya Prakashan.
- Hughes-Freeland, F. (1991). Javanese visual performance and the Indian mystique. Delhi: Aditya Prakashan.
- Lokesh, Chandra, & International Academy of Indian Culture. (2000). Society and culture of Southeast Asia: Continuities and changes. New Delhi: International Academy of Indian Culture and Aditya Prakashan.
- ISBN 978-0-8248-0368-1.
- R. C. Majumdar, Study of Sanskrit in South-East Asia
- R. C. Majumdar, Champa, Ancient Indian Colonies in the Far East, Vol.I, Lahore, 1927. ISBN 0-8364-2802-1
- R. C. Majumdar, Suvarnadvipa, Ancient Indian Colonies in the Far East, Vol.II, Calcutta,
- R. C. Majumdar, Kambuja Desa Or An Ancient Hindu Colony In Cambodia, Madras, 1944
- R. C. Majumdar, Hindu Colonies in the Far East, Calcutta, 1944, ISBN 99910-0-001-1
- ISBN 81-7018-046-5.
- R. C. Majumdar, Ancient Indian colonisation in South-East Asia; History of the Hindu Colonization and Hindu Culture in South-East Asia
- Daigorō Chihara (1996). Hindu-Buddhist Architecture in Southeast Asia. BRILL. ISBN 90-04-10512-3.
- The journey of the Goddess Durga: India, Java and Bali by Ariati, Ni Wayan Pasek, 2016, ISBN 9788177421521, Aditya Prakashan, New Delhi
References
- ^ Foreign Policy of India: Text of Documents 1947-59 (p.54)
- ^ http://www.embassyofindiajakarta.org/. Retrieved 14 September 2008.
{{cite web}}
: Missing or empty|title=
(help) - ^ "Indonesian Embassy - New Delhi". Archived from the original on 21 October 2008. Retrieved 14 September 2008.
- ^ Getting closer to Indonesia
- ^ a b "Indian pushes for early economic accord with Indonesia". IANS. news.biharprabha.com. 24 April 2014. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
- ^ a b Ram Bahukhandi (27 January 2011). "Letter: India and Indonesia – Natural allies". The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original on 28 September 2015. Retrieved 14 May 2015.
- ^ 2013 World Service Poll Archived 10 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine BBC
- ^ Bali in the world of Buddhism
- ^ Ramayana to Bollywood, Indonesia Loves India
- ^ History of Ancient India Kapur, Kamlesh
- ISBN 962-593-078-7.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 August 2011. Retrieved 3 March 2011.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 21 February 2015. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "History". Bali India Foundation. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 14 May 2015.
- ^ "Treaty of Friendship Between India and the Republic of Indonesia". 3 March 1951. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
- ^ "India-Indonesia Maritime Boundary Agreement" (PDF). Foreign Affairs Record. XXIII (1): 2. January 1977. Retrieved 6 August 2013.
- ^ "Borobudur : A Wonder of Indonesia History". Indonesia Travel. Archived from the original on 14 April 2012. Retrieved 5 April 2012.
- K.A. Nilakanta Sastri, A History of South India, pp 424–426
- ^ "Balinese alphabet, language and pronunciation".
- ^ Eyeing Southeast Asia, India builds port in Indonesia, Economic Times, 20 May 2019.
- ^ "India and Indonesia aim to double trade". BBC News. 25 January 2011.
- ^ "India and Asean aim to boost trade". BBC News. 3 March 2011.
- ^ Ashwini Devare (16 November 2011). "Neighbourly warmth infuses Indonesia-India relations". IBN Live. Archived from the original on 19 November 2011. Retrieved 16 November 2011.
- ^ "Jakarta's Indian Cultural Centre on the Move". Archived from the original on 23 September 2012. Retrieved 13 April 2011.
Further reading
- Van Leeuwen, Bas. Human capital and economic growth in India, Indonesia, and Japan: a quantitative analysis, 1890-2000 (Box Press, 2007).