Indian Navy
Indian Navy | |
---|---|
Founded | 26 January 1950; 74 years ago (26 January 1950) (as current service)
5 September 1612; 411 years ago (5 September 1612) (as East India Company's Marine)[1][2] |
Country | force projection, sealift, nuclear deterrence |
Size | 64,000 active personnel[3] 50,000 reserve personnel[4] (250 including auxiliaries) Approx. 300 aircraft |
Part of | Indian Armed Forces |
Headquarters | Integrated Defence Headquarters, Ministry of Defence, New Delhi |
Motto(s) | शं नो वरुणः ;
Shaṁ No Varunaḥ (ISO) transl. 'May the Lord of Water be auspicious unto us' |
Colours | Navy blue, gold and white |
March |
|
Anniversaries | Navy Day: 4 December |
Operational fleet | as of January 2024[update]
|
Engagements | Major wars and Operations
|
Website | indiannavy.nic.in |
Commanders | |
Commander-in-Chief | President Droupadi Murmu |
Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) | General Anil Chauhan |
Chief of the Naval Staff (CNS) | Admiral R. Hari Kumar |
Vice Chief of the Naval Staff (VCNS) | Vice Admiral Dinesh K Tripathi |
Notable commanders | |
Insignia | |
The Indian Navy is the
The primary objective of the navy is to safeguard the nation's maritime borders, and in conjunction with other Armed Forces of the union, act to deter or defeat any threats or aggression against the territory, people or maritime interests of India, both in war and peace. Through joint exercises, goodwill visits and humanitarian missions, including disaster relief, the Indian Navy promotes bilateral relations between nations.
As of June 2019, the Indian Navy has 67,252 active
History
Early Maritime History
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The
Alexander the Great, during his campaigns in India, built a harbour at Patala. His army retreated to Mesopotamia using ships built at Sindh. In the period after his conquest, records show that the Emperor of Maurya Empire, Chandragupta Maurya, as a part of his war office, established an Admiralty Division. Many historians from ancient India recorded Indian trade relations. Indian trade reached Java and Sumatra. There were also references to the trade routes of countries in the Pacific and Indian Ocean. India also had trade relations with the Greeks and the Romans. At one instance Roman historian Gaius Plinius Secundus mentioned Indian traders carrying away large masses of gold and silver from Rome, in payment for skins, precious stones, clothes, indigo, sandalwood, herbs, perfumes, and spices.[12]
During 5–10 AD, Kalinga conquered Western Java, Sumatra and Malaya. The Andaman and Nicobar Islands served as an important halt point for trade ships en route to these nations and as well as China.
Middle Ages
... built of fir timber, having a sheath of boards laid over the planking in every part, caulked with oakum and fastened with iron nails. The bottoms were smeared with a preparation of quicklime and hemp, pounded together and mixed with oil from a certain tree which is a better material than pith
During 14th and 15th centuries, Indian shipbuilding skills and their maritime ability was sophisticated enough to produce ships with a capacity to carry over hundred men. Ships also had compartments included in their design, so that even if one compartment was damaged, the ship would remain afloat. These features of ships were developed by Indians even before Europeans were aware of the idea.[12]
Decline
By the end of 15th century Indian naval power had started to decline, and had reached its low by the time the Portuguese entered India. Soon after they set foot in India, the Portuguese started to seize all Asian vessels not permitting their trade. Amidst this, in 1529, a naval war at
Later Revival
The
Empress Mariam-uz-Zamani maintained large fleets of trade ships including the Rahīmī and Ganj-i-Sawai.[19][20] The Rahimi was the largest of the Indian ships trading in the Red Sea.[21] After being sacked by pirates, this ship was replaced by the Ganj-i-Sawa. This ship was eventully scaked by English Pirate Henry Every.[22]
The
1612 origins to independence
Over time, the British predominantly operated from Bombay, and in 1686, the HEIC's naval arm was renamed the Bombay Marine. At times the Bombay Marine engaged Dutch, French, Maratha, and Sidi vessels. Much later, it was also involved in the First Anglo-Burmese War of 1824. In 1834, the Bombay Marine became Her Majesty's Indian Navy. The Navy saw action in the First Opium War of 1840 and in the Second Anglo-Burmese War in 1852. Due to some unrecorded reasons, the Navy's name reverted to the Bombay Marine from 1863 to 1877, after which it was named Her Majesty's Indian Marine. At that time, the Marine operated in two divisions—the Eastern Division at Calcutta under the Superintendent of Bay of Bengal, and the Western Division at Bombay Superintendent of Arabian Sea.[23] In 1892 the Marine was renamed the Royal Indian Marine, and by the end of the 19th century it operated over fifty ships. The Marine participated in World War I with a fleet of patrol vessels, troop carriers, and minesweepers. In 1928, D. N. Mukherji was the first Indian to be granted a commission, in the rank of an Engineer Sub-lieutenant. Also in 1928, the RIM was accorded combatant status, which entitled it to be considered a true fighting force and to fly the White Ensign of the Royal Navy.[24] In 1934, the Marine was upgraded to a full naval force, thus becoming the Royal Indian Navy (RIN), and was presented the King's colours in recognition of its services to the British Crown.[23]
During the early stages of World War II, the tiny Royal Indian Navy consisted of five sloops, one survey vessel, one depot ship, one patrol vessel and numerous assorted small craft; personnel strength was at only 114 officers and 1,732 sailors.[25] The onset of war led to an expansion in numbers of vessels and personnel. By June 1940, the navy had doubled its number in terms of both personnel and material, and expanded nearly six times of its pre-war strength by 1942.[26] The navy was actively involved in operations during the war around the world and was heavily involved in operations around the Indian Ocean, including convoy escorts, mine-sweeping and supply, as well as supporting amphibious assaults.[23]
When hostilities ceased in August 1945, the Royal Indian Navy had expanded to a personnel strength of over 25,000 officers and sailors. Its fleet comprised seven sloops, four frigates, four corvettes, fourteen minesweepers, sixteen trawlers, two depot ships, thirty auxiliary vessels, one hundred and fifty landing craft, two hundred harbour craft and several offensive and defensive motor launches.[27] During World War II the Navy suffered two hundred and seventy five casualties—twenty seven officers, two warrant officers and 123 ratings killed in action, two ratings missing in action and a further 14 officers, two warrant officers and 123 ratings wounded.[28] For their role in the war, the officers and ratings of the Navy received the following honours and decorations—a KBE (Mil.), a knighthood, a CB (Mil.), 10 CIEs, two DSOs, a CBE, 15 DSCs, an OBE, 28 DSMs, eight OBIs, two IOMs, 16 BEMs, 10 Indian Defence Service Medals, a Royal Humane Society Medal, 105 mentions in dispatches and 118 assorted commendations.[29] Immediately after the war, the navy underwent a rapid, large-scale demobilisation of vessels and personnel.
From the inception of India's naval force, some senior Indian politicians had voiced concerns about the degree of "Indianisation" of the Navy and its subordination to the
Independence to the end of the 20th century
Following
By 1955, the Navy had largely overcome its post-Independence personnel shortfalls.
The first engagement in action of the Indian Navy was against the
At the outbreak of
The dramatic change in the Indian Navy's capabilities and stance was emphatically demonstrated during the
Since playing a decisive role in the victory, the navy has been a deterrent force maintaining peace for India in a region of turmoil. In 1983, the Indian Navy planned for
In October 1999, the Navy along with the Indian Coast Guard rescued MV Alondra Rainbow, a pirated Japanese cargo ship.[68]
21st century onwards
In the 21st century, the Indian Navy has played an important role in maintaining peace for India on the maritime front, in spite of the state of foment in its neighbourhood. It has been deployed for humanitarian relief in times of natural disasters and crises across the globe, as well as to keep India's maritime trade routes free and open.[69]
The Indian Navy was a part of the joint forces exercises,
The navy plays an important role in providing humanitarian relief in times of natural disasters, including floods, cyclones and tsunamis. In the aftermath of the
During the
In February 2011, the Indian Navy launched
In January 2024, the Indian Navy deployed over 10 warships to protect commercial shipping in the Gulf of Aden and the Arabian Sea in the wake of
Current role
Currently, the principal roles of the Indian Navy are:[93][94]
- In conjunction with other Armed Forces of the Union, act to deter or defeat any threats or aggression against the territory, people or maritime interests of India, both in war and peace;
- Project influence in India's maritime area of interest, to further the nation's political, economic and security objectives;
- In co-operation with the Indian Coast Guard, ensure good order and stability in India's maritime zones of responsibility.
- Provide maritime assistance (including disaster relief) in India's maritime neighbourhood.
Command and organisation
Organisation
While the
The Indian Navy operates three operational
Additionally, the Andaman and Nicobar Command is a unified Indian Navy, Indian Army, Indian Air Force, and Indian Coast Guard theater command based at the capital, Port Blair.[101] Commander-in-Chief, Andaman and Nicobar Command (CINCAN) receives staff support from, and reports directly to the Chairman Chiefs of Staff Committee (COSC) in New Delhi. The Command was set up in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in 2001.[102]
Equivalent ranks of Indian military
| ||
---|---|---|
Indian Navy | Indian Army | Indian Air Force |
Commissioned ranks
| ||
Admiral of the fleet |
Field marshal | Marshal of the Indian Air Force |
Admiral | General | Air chief marshal
|
Vice admiral |
Lieutenant general |
Air marshal
|
Rear admiral | Major general | Air vice marshal |
Commodore | Brigadier | Air commodore |
Captain | Colonel | Group captain |
Commander | Lieutenant colonel | Wing commander
|
Lieutenant commander | Major | Squadron leader |
Lieutenant | Captain | Flight lieutenant |
Sub lieutenant |
Lieutenant | Flying officer |
Junior commissioned ranks
| ||
Master chief petty officer 1st class |
Subedar major[Alt 1] |
Master warrant officer
|
Master chief petty officer 2nd class |
Subedar[Alt 2] | Warrant officer |
Chief petty officer |
Naib subedar[Alt 3] |
Junior warrant officer
|
Non-commissioned ranks
| ||
Petty officer | Havildar | Sergeant |
Leading seaman | Naik | Corporal |
Seaman 1 | Lance naik | Leading aircraftsman
|
Seaman 2 | Sepoy | Aircraftsman
|
Footnotes
| ||
Post | Location | Current Holder |
---|---|---|
Chief of the Naval Staff | New Delhi | Admiral R. Hari Kumar, PVSM, AVSM, VSM[105] |
Vice Chief of the Naval Staff | Vice Admiral Dinesh K Tripathi, AVSM. NM[106] | |
Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff | Vice Admiral Tarun Sobti, AVSM, VSM[107] | |
Chief of Personnel |
Vice Admiral Krishna Swaminathan, AVSM, VSM[108] | |
Chief of Materiel | Vice Admiral Kiran Deshmukh, AVSM, VSM[109] | |
Commands | HQ Location | Current FOC-in-C |
Western Naval Command | Mumbai | Vice Admiral Sanjay Jasjit Singh, AVSM, NM[110] |
Eastern Naval Command | Visakhapatnam | Vice Admiral Rajesh Pendharkar, AVSM, VSM[111] |
Southern Naval Command | Kochi | Vice Admiral Vennam Srinivas, AVSM, NM[112] |
Facilities
Indian Navy has its operational and training bases in Gujarat, Karnataka, Goa, Maharashtra, Lakshadweep, Kerala, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, and Andaman and Nicobar Islands. These bases are intended for various purposes such as logistics and maintenance support, ammunition support, air stations, hospitals, MARCOS bases, coastal defence, missile defence, submarine and missile boat bases, forward operating bases etc.[113][114][115] Of these, INS Shivaji is one of the oldest naval bases in India. Commissioned in February 1945 as HMIS Shivaji, it now serves as the premier Technical Training Establishment (TTE) of the Indian Navy.[116]
In May 2005, the Indian Navy commissioned
The navy operates INS Kattabomman, a VLF and ELF transmission facility at Vijayanarayanapuram near Tirunelveli in Tamil Nadu.[122] INS Abhimanyu and INS Karna are two bases dedicated for MARCOS.[123][124] Project Varsha is a highly classified project undertaken by the Navy to construct a hi-tech base under the Eastern Naval Command. The base is said to house nuclear submarines and also a VLF facility.[125][126]
Training
Indian Navy has a specialized training command which is responsible for organisation, conduct and overseeing of all basic, professional and specialist training throughout the Navy. The Commander in Chief of Southern Command also serves as the Commander in Chief of Training Command. The Chief of Personnel (CoP) at HQ of Indian Navy is responsible for the framework of training, and exercises the responsibility through Directorate of Naval Training (DNT).[127] The training year of Indian Navy is defined from 1 July to 30 June of the following year.[128]
Seaman training is held at INS Chilika, Orissa.
Officer training is conducted at
Rank structure
As of 1 July 2017[update], the Navy has 10,393 officers and 56,835 sailors against a sanctioned strength of 11,827 officers and 71,656 sailors.[133] This is inclusive of naval aviation, marine commandos and Sagar Prahari Bal personnel.[134]
Officers
India uses the Midshipman rank in its navy, and all future officers carry the rank upon entering the Indian Naval Academy. They are commissioned Sub-lieutenants upon finishing their course of study.[135][136]
While the provision for the rank of
The highest ranked naval officer in organisation structure is the Chief of Naval Staff, who holds the rank of admiral.[136]
Rank group | General / flag officers | Senior officers | Junior officers | Officer cadet | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indian Navy[137] |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Admiral एडमिरल |
Vice admiral वाइस एडमिरल |
Rear admiral रियर एडमिरल |
Commodore कमोडोर |
Captain कैप्टन |
Commander कमांडर |
Lieutenant commander लेफ़्टिनेंट कमांडर |
Lieutenant लेफ्टिनेंट |
Sub-lieutenant सब लेफ्टिनेंट |
Midshipman मिडशिपमैन |
Rating personnel
In the Indian Navy, the sailors are initially listed as, Seaman 2nd class. As they grow through the ranks they attain the highest rank of enlisted personnel, Master chief petty officer 1st class. Sailors who possess leadership qualities and fulfill requisite conditions in terms of education, age etc. may be commissioned through Commission worthy and Special Duties (CW & SD) scheme.[135]
Rank group | Junior commissioned officers | Non commissioned officer | Enlisted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indian Navy[137][138] |
No insignia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Master chief petty officer I मास्टर चीफ पेटी ऑफिसर फर्स्ट क्लास |
Master chief petty officer II मास्टर चीफ पेटी ऑफिसर सेकेंड क्लास |
Chief petty officer चीफ पेटी ऑफिसर |
Petty officer पेटी ऑफिसर |
Leading Seaman लीडिंग सीमैन |
Seaman Ist class सीमैन फर्स्ट क्लास |
Seaman IInd class सीमैन सेकंड क्लास |
Navy MCPO
Indian Navy has appointed Rajendra Kumar Behera MCPO I as the first Navy MCPO on 1 May 2022.[139]
Naval Air Arm
The naval air-arm of the Indian Navy currently operates twenty-one
On 1 January 1953, the charge of
Currently the air arm operates an aircraft carrier INS Vikramaditya with ability to carry over thirty aircraft including MiG 29K, Kamov 31, Kamov 28, Sea King and domestic-built HAL-Dhruv and Chetak helicopters.
The UAV arm consists of the IAI Heron and Searcher-IIs that are operated from both surface ships and shore establishments for surveillance missions.[152][153][154]
The Indian Navy also maintains an aerobatic display team, the
MARCOS
The
Equipment
Ships
The names of all in service ships and naval bases of the Indian Navy are prefixed with the letters INS, designating Indian Naval Ship or Indian Navy Station,
The Navy has two aircraft carriers in active service,
The navy currently operates three Visakhapatnam, three Kolkata, three Delhi and three Rajput-class guided-missile destroyers.[163] The ships of the Rajput class are being replaced by the next-generation Visakhapatnam-class destroyers (Project 15B) which feature a number of improvements.[177]
In addition to destroyers, the navy operates several classes of frigates such as three
Aircraft
Aircraft | Origin | Type | Variant | In service | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Combat Aircraft | |||||
MiG-29
|
Russia | multirole | MiG-29K | 45[178][179] | |
Kamov Ka-31 | Russia | AEW | 14[180] | employs a Planar array radar
| |
Maritime patrol | |||||
Boeing P-8 | United States | ASW / patrol | P-8I | 12[181] | |
Dornier 228 | Germany | surveillance | 228–201 | 25 | 12 on order |
Britten-Norman BN-2 | United Kingdom | utility / patrol | BN-2B/2T | 10[182] | |
Helicopters
| |||||
HAL Dhruv | India | utility | MK. I | 7[183] | 11 on order |
MK. III | 6[184][185] | ||||
Kamov Ka-27 | Russia | ASW | Ka-28 | 14[186] | 4 on order |
Westland Sea King | United Kingdom | SAR / utility | Mk.42B/C | 31[187] | six are UH-3H variants |
HAL Chetak
|
India | liaison / utility | 51 (as of July 2019)[188] | 6 on order[189] | |
SH-60 Seahawk | United States | ASW / SAR | MH-60R | 2[190][191] | 5 delivered, of which 3 are used for training, with 19 on order.[192][193] |
Trainer Aircraft
| |||||
MiG-29
|
Russia | Conversion trainer
|
MiG-29KUB | 8[194][195] | |
BAE Hawk | United Kingdom | Jet trainer | Hawk 132 | 17 | |
HAL Kiran
|
India | Jet trainer | 20 | ||
UAV | |||||
IAI Heron | Israel | surveillance | Heron 1 | [196] | |
IAI Searcher[197] | Israel | surveillance | Mk. I / II | ||
DRDO Lakshya | India | target drone | 39[198] | ||
General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper | United States of America
|
surveillance drone
|
SeaGuardian | 2[199] | On Lease For One year |
Drishti-10 Starliner
|
India | surveillance drone
|
Licensed version of Hermes 900
|
2[200][201] | 2 on order[202] |
Submarines
As of December 2020[update], the Navy's sub-surface fleet includes one nuclear-powered attack submarine, one ballistic missile submarine, 16 conventionally-powered attack submarines.[203] The conventional attack submarines of the Indian Navy consist of the five Kalvari (French Scorpène-class submarine design), the seven Sindhughosh (Russian Kilo-class submarine design), and the four Shishumar (German Type 209/1500 design) classes.[204][205][206]
India previously possessed a single Akula-class nuclear-powered attack submarine named INS Chakra. She was leased to India for a period of ten years, between 2012 and 2021. Three hundred Indian Navy personnel were trained in Russia for the operation of these submarines.[207] Negotiations are on with Russia for the lease of the second Akula-class submarine.[208]
INS Arihant was launched on 26 July 2009 in Visakhapatnam, and was secretly commissioned into active service in August 2016.[209] The Navy plans to have six nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines in service in the near future.[210] Arihant is both the first boat of the Arihant-class nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines and the first nuclear-powered submarine to be built in India.[211]
Weapon systems
The Navy use a mix of indigenously developed and foreign made missile systems. These include submarine-launched ballistic missiles, ship-launched ballistic missiles, cruise and anti-ship missiles, air-to-air missiles, surface-to-air missiles, torpedoes, air-to-air guns, main guns and anti-submarine rocket launchers. Its inventory comprises 100 mm (3.9 in) AK 190 gun with a range of 21.5 kilometres (13.4 mi), 130 kilometres (81 mi) KH-35E 4 Quad Uran, ASW RBU-2000 etc.[212]
In recent years, BrahMos has been one of the most advanced missile system adapted by the Indian Navy. It has been jointly developed by India's Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Russian NPO Mashinostroyeniya. BrahMos is the world's fastest anti-ship cruise missile in operation.[213] The BrahMos has been tailored to meet Indian needs and features a large proportion of India-designed components and technology, including its fire control systems, transporter erector launchers, and its onboard navigational attack systems. The successful test of Brahmos from INS Rajput provides Indian Navy with precision land attack capability.[214]
India has also fitted its
The K-15
Electronic warfare and systems management
Sangraha is a joint
The Indian Navy also relies on information technology to face the challenges of the 21st century. The Indian Navy is implementing a new strategy to move from a platform centric force to a network centric force by linking all shore-based installations and ships via a high-speed data networks and satellites.[222][223][224] This will help in increased operational awareness. The network is referred to as the Navy Enterprise Wide Network (NEWN). The Indian Navy has also provided training to all its personnel in Information Technology (IT) at the Naval Institute of Computer Applications (NICA) located in Mumbai. Information technology is also used to provide better training, like the usage of simulators and for better management of the force.[225]
The Navy has a dedicated cadre for matters pertaining to information technology cadre named as Information Technology Cadre,[226] under the Directorate of Information Technology (DRI). The cadre is responsible for implementation for enterprise wide networking and software development projects, development activities with respect to cyber security products, administration of shore and on-board networks, and management of critical Naval Networks and software applications.[227]
Naval satellite
India's first exclusive defence satellite
GSAT-7 approximately has a footprint of 3,500–4,000 kilometres (2,200–2,500 miles; 1,900–2,200 nautical miles) over the Indian Ocean region, including both the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal region. This enables the Navy to operate in a network-centric atmosphere having real-time networking of all its operational assets at sea and on land.[228]
On 15 June 2019 the navy placed an order for GSAT-7R satellite as a replacement for GSAT-7. The satellite costs Rs 1589 crores (US$225.5 million) and is expected to be launched by 2020.[229][230]
Activities
Fleet reviews
The President of India is entitled to inspect his/her fleet, as he/she is the supreme commander of the Indian Armed Forces. The first president's fleet review by India was hosted by Rajendra Prasad on 10 October 1953. President's reviews usually take place once in the President's term. In all, twelve fleet reviews have taken place, including two International fleet reviews in 2011 and 2016. The latest fleet review was held in February 2022 at Visakhapatnam, by President Ram Nath Kovind.[231]
The Indian Navy also conducted an International fleet review named Bridges of Friendship in February 2001 in Mumbai. Many ships of friendly Navies from all around the world participated, including two from the US Navy.[232] The second international fleet review, the International Fleet Review 2016, was held off Visakhapatnam coast in February 2016 where Indian Navy's focus was on improving diplomatic relations and military compatibility with other nations.[231]
Naval exercises
India often conducts naval exercises (like Maritime Partnership Exercise) with other friendly countries designed to increase naval cooperation and also to strengthen cooperative security relationship. Some such exercises take place annually or biennially:
Exercise | Navy/Navies | First Edition | Last Edition | Total Editions | Notes/ References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Milan | Multilateral | 1995 | 2024 | 12 | [235] |
Varuna | French Navy | 1993 | 2023 | 21 | [236] |
Konkan | Royal Navy | 2004 | 2023 | 16 | [237][238] |
INDRA | Russian Navy | 2003 | 2021 | 12 | [239][240] |
MALABAR
|
US Navy, JMSDF, Royal Australian Navy
|
1992 | 2023 | 26 | [241][242] |
SIMBEX | Singapore Navy | 1994 | 2021 | 28 | [243] |
IBSAMAR | Brazilian Navy, South African Navy | 2008 | 2022 | 7 | [244] |
SITMEX | Singapore Navy, Thai Navy | 2019 | 2021 | 3 | [245] |
SLINEX | Sri Lanka Navy | 2012 | 2020 | 8 | [246][247] |
NASEEM-AL-BAHR | Oman Navy | 1993 | 2022 | 13 | [248][249] |
AUSINDEX | Australian Navy
|
2015 | 2023 | 5 | [250] |
JIMEX | JMSDF | 2012 | 2023 | 11 | [251] |
ZA'IR-AL-BAHR | Qatari Navy | 2019 | 2021 | 2 | [252][253] |
SAMUDRA SHAKTI | Indonesian Navy | 2018 | 2023 | 4 | [254] |
BONGOSAGAR | Bangladesh Navy | 2019 | 2023 | 5 | [255] |
Zayed Talwar | UAE Navy | 2021 | 2023 | 2 | [256] |
Al-Mohed Al-Hindi | Saudi Navy
|
2021 | 2023 | 2 | [257] |
Coordinated patrols include: Indo–Thai CORPAT (28 editions),
In 2007 India held the first Indian Ocean Naval Symposium (IONS) with an objective to provide a forum for all the littoral nations of the Indian Ocean to co-operate on mutually agreed areas for better security in the region.[276][277] Since the past decade, Indian naval ships have made goodwill port calls to Israel,[278][279] Turkey,[280] Egypt,[281] Greece,[282] Thailand,[283] Indonesia,[284] Australia,[285] New Zealand,[286] Tonga,[287] South Africa,[288] Kenya,[289] Qatar,[290] Oman,[291] United Arab Emirates,[292] Bahrain,[293] Kuwait,[294] and various other countries.
Exploration
The Indian Navy regularly conducts adventure expeditions. The sailing ship and training vessel INS Tarangini began circumnavigating the world on 23 January 2003, intending to foster good relations with various other nations; she returned to India in May 2004 after visiting 36 ports in 18 nations.[295]
Lt. Cdr.
An Indian Navy team comprising 11 members successfully completed an expedition to the Arctic pole. To prepare, they first traveled to
The Indian Naval ensign first flew in Antarctica in 1981.[301] The Indian Navy succeeded in Mission Dakshin Dhruv 2006 by traversing to the South Pole on skis. With this historic expedition, they have set the record for being the first military team to have successfully completed a ski traverse to the Geographic South Pole.[302] Also, three of the ten member team—the expedition leader—Cdr. Satyabrata Dam, leading medical assistants Rakesh Kumar and Vikas Kumar are now among the few people in the world to have visited the two poles and summited Mt. Everest.[303] Indian Navy became the first organisation to reach the poles and Mt. Everest. Cdr. Dilip Donde completed the first solo circumnavigation by an Indian citizen on 22 May 2010.[304] Cdr. Abhilash Tomy became the first Indian to complete a solo, non-stop circumnavigation of the world on a sailboat not fitted with any technology or navigational aids.[305][306]
Future of the Indian Navy
By the end of the 14th Plan (2020), the Indian Navy was expected to have over 150 ships and close to 500 aircraft. In addition to the existing mission of securing both sea flanks in the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea, the navy was tasked with responding to emergencies far away from the Indian mainland. Marine assault capabilities were to be enhanced by setting up a new amphibious warfare facility at Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh.[307]
Since then, the Indian Navy has initiated Phase II expansion of INS Kadamba, its third largest naval base, near Karwar. Phase II will involve expansion of the berthing facilities to accommodate 40–45 more front-line warships, including the aircraft carrier INS Vikramaditya, raise manpower to 300 officers and around 2,500 sailors, and build a naval air station with a 6,000-foot runway. This is to be followed by Phase IIA and IIB, at the end of which INS Kadamba will be able to base 50 front-line warships.[308][309][310][311] The Indian Navy is also in the process of constructing a new naval base, INS Varsha, at Rambilli for its Arihant class submarines.[312]
India's planned second aircraft carrier,
In November 2011, the Defence Acquisition Council launched the
In addition to aircraft carriers and large amphibious assault ships, the Indian Navy is acquiring numerous surface combatants such as the
The Indian Navy is planning to procure 22 General Atomics
Indian Naval Ensign
The Indian Navy from 1950 to 2001 used a modified version of the British White Ensign, with the Union flag replaced with the Indian Tricolour in the canton. In 2001, this flag was replaced with a white ensign bearing the Indian Navy crest, as the previous ensign was thought to reflect India's colonial past.
The traditional crest of Indian Navy ships is topped by a crown featuring three sailing ships symbolising India's rich maritime history. The ribbon of the crown depicts the Ashoka Chakra surrounded by a horse and a bull. Each ship has a unique motif which is encircled by a ring of lotus buds.[328]
In August 2022, the
Documents
2004, 2009, 2014 | |
Author | Maritime Doctrines and Concepts Centre (MDCC) |
---|---|
Publisher | Integrated Headquarters, Ministry of Defence (Navy) |
Website | https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/indian-maritime-doctrine-2015-version |
The Indian Maritime Doctrine is a foundational primer document of the Indian Navy. Three editions have been published in 2004, 2009 and 2014. It has to be considered along with other foundational documents such as the naval strategy Freedom to Use the Seas (2007) and the updated edition Ensuring Secure Seas (2015).[330]
The 2004 edition (INBR 8) was published amidst a larger strategic overhaul in the country. It contains a large number of key words along with their definitions and grouped into a number of sections.[331] Select themes pervade throughout the document.[331] Some themes are subtle such as the ongoing and future transition to a blue-water navy and others are louder such as the text related to nuclear submarines and aircraft carriers.[331] There is justification and explanation for India's need for these transitions and acquisitions.[331] The 2009 edition was updated to include counter-terror, counter-piracy and coordination with other navies in these aspects.[331]
See also
- Indian Coast Guard
- Indian Ocean Naval Symposium
- Information Management and Analysis Centre (IMAC)
- Naval ranks and insignia of India
- Integrated Defence Staff, tri-services
- Exclusive economic zone of India, protected by IN
- List of ships of the Indian Navy
- List of Indian Naval accidents
- Indian Navy Football Team
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