Indonesia–Malaysia border
Indonesia–Malaysia border | |
---|---|
Characteristics | |
Entities | Indonesia Malaysia |
Length | 1,881 km (1,169 mi) |
The Indonesia–Malaysia border consists of a 1,881 km (1,169 mi) land border that divides the territory of
The land boundary stretches from Tanjung Datu at the northwestern corner of Borneo through the highlands of the Borneo hinterland to the Gulf of Sebatik and the Celebes Sea in the eastern side of the island. The boundary separates the Indonesian provinces of North Kalimantan, East Kalimantan and West Kalimantan from the Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak.
The maritime boundary in the Straits of Malacca generally follows the median line between the
The border in the Celebes Sea is disputed between the two countries. Part of the dispute was settled by the judgement of the International Court of Justice in the
There are numerous sea transport crossings between Indonesia and Malaysia, mostly between Indonesia's Sumatra island and Peninsular Malaysia but also between the Indonesian province of North Kalimantan and Malaysia's Sabah state. There are only three official land transport crossing points, all between West Kalimantan and Sarawak. Both the land and maritime borders are relatively porous; many undocumented workers have crossed from Indonesia to Malaysia.
Land border
The territorial division of Borneo gained scant Dutch attention until the arrival of British soldier
The principal document determining the land border between Indonesia and Malaysia on the island of
The convention states that the eastern end of the border would start at the 4° 10' North latitude,
On 26 November 1973, a memorandum of understanding was signed between Indonesia and Malaysia for the joint survey and demarcation of their common land border. Work began on 9 September 1975 and was completed in February 2000. As of 2006, a total of 19 memoranda of understanding with 28 maps had been signed between the two countries pertaining to the survey and demarcation of the border covering a distance of 1,822.3 km of the 2,019.5 km border.[11]
Maritime boundaries
The
Straits of Malacca and Straits of Singapore
Continental shelf and territorial sea agreements
The
Both the continental shelf boundary and territorial sea boundary generally follow the equidistant line between the baselines of the two countries. The continental shelf and territorial sea boundaries are generally one and the same line with the same turning points except for one turning point of the territorial sea boundary known as "Turning Point 6" which does not apply to Malaysia, with the Malaysian territorial sea boundary running directly from Turning Point 5 to Turning Point 7, which coincides with the continental shelf boundary as defined by the 1969 apgreement. This phenomenon creates a small triangle of sea in the southern part of the Straits of Malacca which forms part of the Indonesian continental shelf but not part of the country's territorial sea.
Malaysia's 1979 map
The continental shelf and territorial sea boundaries beyond the southern terminus of the 1969 and 1970 agreements have not been agreed to. The 1979 territorial sea and continental shelf map published by Malaysia
The map also does not show the western Indonesia-Malaysia-Singapore tripoint, which should be located in this area. Indonesia and
Point | Longitude | Latitude | Remarks | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand common point | ||||
CP | 98° 01.5' | 5° 57.0' | The 1971 agreement establishing the common point also extends the boundary from Point 1 of the continental shelf boundary to the Common Point. | |
Continental shelf border end and turning point coordinates | ||||
1 | 98° 17.5' | 5° 27.0' | ||
2 | 98° 41.5' | 4° 55.7' | ||
3 | 99° 43.6' | 3° 59.6' | ||
4 | 99° 55.0' | 3° 47.4' | ||
5 | 101° 12.1' | 2° 41.5' | ||
6 | 101° 46.5' | 2° 15.4' | ||
7 | 102° 13.4' | 1° 55.2' | ||
8 | 102° 35.0' | 1° 41.2' | ||
9 | 103° 3.9' | 1° 19.5' | ||
10 | 103° 22.8' | 1° 15.0' | ||
Territorial sea border end and turning point coordinates | ||||
1 | 101° 00.2' | 2° 51.6' | This point is located along the continental shelf boundary between Point 4 and 5. | |
2 | 101° 12.1' | 2° 41.5' | Same as Point 5 of the continental shelf boundary | |
3 | 101° 46.5 | 2° 15.4' | Same as Point 6 of the continental shelf boundary | |
4 | 102° 13.4' | 1° 55.2' | Same as Point 7 of the continental shelf boundary | |
5 | 102° 35.0' | 1° 41.2' | Same as Point 8 of the continental shelf boundary | |
6 | 103° 2.1' | 1° 19.1' | This point does not apply to Malaysia | |
7 | 103° 3.9' | 1° 19.5' | Same as Point 9 of the continental shelf boundary | |
8 | 103° 22.8' | 1° 15.0' | Same as Point 10 of the continental shelf boundary | |
Turning points along the continuation of Malaysia's maritime border according to the 1979 map | ||||
15 | 103° 22'.8 | 1° 15'.0 | Same as Point 10 of the continental shelf boundary and Point 8 of the territorial sea boundary | |
16 | 103° 26'.8 | 1° 13'.45 | ||
17 | 103° 32'.5 | 1° 1'.45 | ||
18 | 103° 34'.2 | 1° 11'.0 | This turning point may form part of the Malaysia-Singapore border | |
19 | 103° 34'.95 | 1° 15'.15 | This turning point may form part of the Malaysia-Singapore border | |
20 | 103° 37'.38 | 1° 16'.37 | This turning point may form part of the Malaysia-Singapore border | |
21 | 103° 24'.1 | 1° 15'.85 | This turning point may form part of the Malaysia-Singapore border |
South China Sea and Straits of Singapore (Eastern portion)
Continental shelf agreement
Only the continental shelf boundary has been determined between the two countries for this segment of their maritime border. The border follows the equidistant line between the baselines of Indonesia and Malaysia and Point 20 is the equidistant point between Indonesia, Malaysia and Vietnam (see table below).
The southern terminus of the continental shelf boundary lies to the east of Pedra Branca which was disputed between Malaysia and Singapore and eventually awarded to Singapore by an International Court of Justice ruling.
Malaysia's 1979 map
No maritime border agreement covers the continuation of the border from the southern terminus of the continental shelf boundary to the meeting point of the territorial water of Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore which should lie in the area. Malaysia and Singapore have also yet to determine their mutual border from the eastern terminus of the
Malaysia's 1979 continental shelf and territorial sea map unilaterally connects the southern terminus of the Indonesia-Malaysia continental shelf boundary with the
The 2008 International Court of Justice decision on the sovereignty of Pedra Branca, Middle Rocks and South Ledge should enable the maritime borders between the three countries in this stretch of waters to be determined. Revision to the 1979 map will be needed with the awarding of Pedra Branca to Singapore and Middle Rocks to Malaysia by the ICJ. The sovereignty of South Ledge, which is submerged during high tide, will be determined later through the determination of territorial waters in which it is situated. While South Ledge lies closest to Middle Rocks and then Pedra Branca, the nearest shore to the marine feature is actually the northern shore of Indonesia's Bintan island.
Singapore has indicated that its
Point | Longitude (E) | Latitude (N) | Remarks | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Continental shelf boundary end and turning point coordinates | ||||
11 | 104° 29'.5 | 1° 23'.9 | ||
12 | 104° 53' | 1° 38' | ||
13 | 105° 5'.2 | 1° 54'.4 | ||
14 | 105° 1'.2 | 2° 22'.5 | ||
15 | 104° 51'.5 | 2° 22'.5 | ||
16 | 104° 46'.5 | 3° 50'.1 | ||
17 | 104° 51'.9 | 4° 3' | ||
18 | 105° 28'.8 | 5° 4'.7 | ||
19 | 105° 47'.1 | 5° 40'.6 | ||
20 | 105° 49'.2 | 6° 5'.8 | This point is also the western terminus of the Malaysia-Vietnam overlapping claims.
| |
Turning point coordinates along the continuation of Malaysia's maritime border according to the 1979 map | ||||
22 | 104° 7'.5 | 1° 17'.63 | This turning point may form part of the Malaysia-Singapore border
| |
23 | 104° 2'.5 | 1° 17'.42 | This turning point may form part of the Malaysia-Singapore border | |
24 | 104° 4'.6 | 1° 17'.3 | This turning point may form part of the Malaysia-Singapore border | |
25 | 104° 7'.1 | 1° 16'.2 | This turning point may form part of the Malaysia-Singapore border | |
26 | 104° 7'.42 | 1° 15'.65 | This turning point may form part of the Malaysia-Singapore border | |
27 | 104° 12'.67 | 1° 13'.65 | This turning point may form part of the Malaysia-Singapore border | |
28 | 104° 16'.15 | 1° 16'.2 | This turning point may form part of the Malaysia-Singapore border | |
29 | 104° 19'.8 | 1° 16'.5 | This turning point may form part of the Malaysia-Singapore border | |
30 | 104° 29'.45 | 1° 15'.55 | This turning point may form part of the Malaysia-Singapore border | |
31 | 104° 29'.33 | 1° 16'.95 | This turning point may form part of the Malaysia-Singapore border | |
32 | 104° 29'.5 | 1° 23'.9 | This point is the same as Point 11 (southern terminus) of the 1969 Indonesia-Malaysia continental shelf boundary |
South China Sea (Off the western extremity of Sarawak)
Again, the only a continental shelf boundary has been agreed to in this segment of the maritime border between the two countries.
From this point, the border proceeds in a general northerly direction to Point 25 at 109° 38'.6E 06° 18'.2N which is at the 100 fathom point or the edge of the continental shelf.
Point 25 is also the eastern terminus of the
Point | Longitude (E) | Latitude (N) | Remarks | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Continental shelf boundary end and turning point coordinates | ||||
21 | 109° 38'.8' | 2° 5' | ||
22 | 109° 54'.5 | 3° 0' | ||
23 | 110° 2'.0 | 4° 40'.0 | ||
24 | 109° 59'.0 | 5° 31'.2 | ||
25 | 109° 38'.6 | 6° 18'.2 | This is also the eastern terminus of the Indonesia-Vietnam continental shelf boundary agreed to in 2003; western terminus of Malaysia's continental shelf boundary (South China Sea segment off the coast of Borneo) as in its 1979 map
|
Celebes Sea
There is no agreement over the maritime boundary in this segment. The 1979 continental shelf and territorial sea map by Malaysia depicts Malaysia's territorial sea and continental shelf border running southeast from the easternmost point of the land boundary between the two countries at 4° 10' North. Indonesia does not recognise the borders of the map and claims part of the continental shelf, calling it Ambalat (see below).
The map also puts the islands of
Point | Longitude (E) | Latitude (N) | Remarks | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Malaysia's continental shelf claim according to the 1979 map | ||||
76 | 120° 00' | 4° 23' | This point is deemed to be the tri-point of Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines | |
77 | 120° 15'.75 | 3° 02'.75 | ||
78 | 119° 53' | 3° 01'.5 | ||
79 | 118° 57'.5 | 3° 06' | ||
80 | 118° 46'.17 | 3° 08'.67 | ||
81 | 118° 22' | 3° 39' | ||
82 | 118° 01'.1 | 4° 03'.65 | ||
83 | 117° 56'.95 | 4° 08' | ||
84 | 117° 53'.97 | 4° 10' | This point is on the eastern terminus of the land boundary |
History
The birth of the Indonesia–Malaysia border, or at least the portion for what is today
On Borneo, the expansion of British and Dutch interests and influence over local sultanates and kingdoms occurred gradually throughout the 19th century. The northern shore of Borneo saw the British adventurer
Disputes
Land boundary disputes
Despite the 1915 boundary agreement, there are at least nine areas where the two countries have outstanding disputes over the location of the land boundary.[20] The comprise five locations along the boundary between Indonesia's North Kalimantan province and Malaysia's Sabah state, and four locations between Indonesia's West Kalimantan province and Malaysia's Sarawak state.
The locations along the Sabah-North Kalimantan boundary that are being disputed are at Sungai Sinapat, Sungai Sesai, Sungai Simantipal, B2700-B3100 (near Sungai Sinapat and Sungai Sesai) and C200-C700 on Pulau Sebatik.
On the Sarawak-West Kalimantan boundary, the four locations with outstanding boundary problems are named as Batu Aum, Sungai Buan, Gunung Raya and D400.
Certain parties regard Tanjung Datu as a fifth location of dispute. At the location, 1,400 hectare area known as Camar Bulan was recognised to be Malaysian territory after a survey done in 1976 to determine the location of the watershed, resulting in a memorandum of understanding in 1978. This decision however, had not gone down well with certain quarters in Indonesia.[21][22] Nevertheless, there is a dispute of maritime territory off the coast of Tanjung Datu (see below).
Maritime boundary disputes
The main maritime disputes between Indonesia and Malaysia have occurred in the Celebes Sea. Both countries previously claimed sovereignty over the Ligitan and Sipadan islands. The dispute over the Ambalat block of the Celebes Sea seabed, believed to be rich in mineral resources, continues. There is also a section of the maritime boundary off Tanjung Datu at the western end of the land boundary which is being disputed between the two countries.
Ligitan and Sipadan
Ligitan and Sipadan are two small islands just off the east coast of Borneo which were claimed by Indonesia and Malaysia. The dispute originated in 1969 when the two countries negotiated to delimit the common border of their continental shelf. As the two countries could not agree on the soveignty of the two islands, the continental shelf border was left off the 1969 agreement between the two countries.
Indonesia claimed that the islands were theirs by virtue of the fact that they were located south of 4° 10" North which it said formed the maritime border between it and Malaysia by virtue of a straight line extension of the land border which ended on the east coast
The dispute was brought before the International Court of Justice and on 17 December 2002, decided that sovereignty of Sipadan and Ligitan belonged to Malaysia on the basis of effectivités.[18] It however did not decide on the question of territorial waters and maritime borders. This allowed the dispute over territorial waters and continental shelf to remain unresolved. The dispute over the Ambalat block (see below) can be seen to be part of this dispute over territorial waters and continental shelf.
Ambalat
Ambalat is an area of the seabed or continental shelf in the Celebes Sea off the east coast of Borneo which is claimed by Indonesia and Malaysia. The seabed is believed to be rich in crude oil. Contrary to popular belief, the International Court of Justice decision over the sovereignty of Sipadan and Ligitan did not solve the dispute over Ambalat as it did not include issues concerning the demarcation of the territorial sea and continental shelf boundaries of the two countries in the area.[23]
The dispute started with Malaysia issuing a map in 1979 of its territorial sea and continental shelf which included the Ambalat block. The map drew Malaysia's maritime boundary in a southeast direction into the Celebes Sea after it leaves the eastmost point on land on
Both countries have also awarded exploration contracts to oil companies for the area. Indonesia has awarded concessions to ENI of Italy for what it called the Ambalat Block in 1999 and US company
The dispute has created considerable tension between the two countries, with several facing-off incidents between the navy ships of both countries. The latest round of tension occurred at the end of May 2009 when Indonesian media reports stated that Indonesian navy ships were close to firing shots at a Malaysian navy vessel which it claimed had encroached deep into Indonesian territorial waters.[25]
Negotiations are currently on-going to resolve the dispute, although media reports say no talks have been held since April 2008.
Incidents
Tanjung Berakit maritime officers arrest
On 13 August 2010, three Indonesian maritime officers were arrested and detained by the Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency in what Indonesia claimed were Indonesian territorial waters off Tanjung Berakit in the Indonesian island of
Both Indonesia and Malaysia agreed that the maritime border between the two countries in the area has not been determined. Indonesia claimed that it was ready to begin negotiations to determine the border but said that the Malaysians, which relies on its 1979 territorial waters and continental shelf limit map as the basis for its claim in the area, were not ready as they wanted to settle its maritime border with Singapore adjacent to the area first following the International Court of Justice's award of the sovereignty of Pedra Branca to Singapore.[30]
Indonesian authorities intrusion on Sabah
On 13 March 2015, around 17 Indonesians, comprising 10 policemen, four soldiers and three civilians was caught in Malaysia with 12 firearms (eight pistols and four .38 Smith and Wesson revolvers with bullets) was seized from them after they were intruding past and attacked a Malaysian police station on Sebatik Island, Sabah to get a suspected killer whom they alleged have hiding in the police station on the Malaysian side of Sebatik Island. Initial investigation found all of the Indonesians were found to be acting on their own without instructions from their authorities. The group had crossed the Malaysian border using motorcycles and speedboats. Of which seven of them arrived in a speedboat while the rest were on motorcycles. The suspect who was apparently wanted by Indonesian police was then arrested by the Malaysian police.[31]
Border crossings
Land crossings
There are only three official land border crossings, all of them located between Sarawak and West Kalimantan:
- Between Pontianak, the capital of West Kalimantan.
- Between Biawak, Sarawak and Aruk, West Kalimantan.[32][33]
- Between
There are numerous other informal crossings between Indonesia and Malaysia along the length of the land border, such as:
- Between Serikin, Sarawak and Jagoi Babang, West Kalimantan
- Between
These crossing are mostly used by the local population and a certain amount of cross-border trading and smuggling goes on at these and other illegal crossings. Illegal immigrants are also known to use such crossings.
Sea crossings
There are numerous scheduled sea crossings between Indonesia and Malaysia, mostly between ports in the former's island of
Sumatra-Peninsula Malaysia
- Batam - Stulang
- Batam - Pasir Gudang
- Batam - Iskandar Puteri
- Belawan - Penang(closed)
- Aceh - Penang
- Lumut(closed)
- Bengkalis - Malacca
- Bengkalis - Muar
- Dumai - Malacca
- Dumai - Muar
- Dumai - Port Klang
- Port Dickson
- Batu Pahat
- Tanjungbalai - Port Klang
- Tanjung Balai Karimun - Kukup
- Karimun - Iskandar Puteri
- Tanjung Pinang - Stulang
North Kalimantan-Sabah
- Nunukan - Tawau
- Tarakan - Tawau
- Sungai Nyamuk - Tawau
See also
- Indonesia-Malaysia relations
- Konfrontasi
References
- ^ "Malaysia". CIA World Factbook. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
- ^ Resolution of the Governor-General of Netherlands India regarding the Dutch Possessions in Borneo, dated Buitenzorg-Batavia, 28 February 1846
- ^ Convention between Great Britain and the Netherlands Defining the Boundaries in Borneo, 20 June 1891.
- ^ Agreement between the United Kingdom and the Netherlands relating to the Boundary between the State of North Borneo and the Netherland Possessions in Borneo, 28 September 1915.
- ^ Convention between His Majesty in respect of the United Kingdom and Her Majesty the Queen of the Netherlands respecting the Delimitation of the Frontier between the States in Bomeo under British Protection and Netherlands Territory in that Island, 26 March 1928.
- ^ Departement van Kolonien. Openbaar Verbaal No. 85, 1 April 1922, Algemeen Rijksarchief (ARA); Openbaar Verbaal No. 86, 22 May 1922; Openbaar Verbaal No. 13, 29 June 1922, ARA; Openbaar Verbaal No. 7, 8 August 1924, ARA; Openbaar Verbaal No. 8, 7 September 1926, ARA; Openbaar Verbaal No. 11, 16 August 1930, ARA.
- ^ Convention of 1891, Article I.
- ^ Convention of 1891, Article IV: From 4° 10' North latitude on the east Coast the boundary-line shall be continued eastward along that parallel, across the Island of Sebittik: that portion of the island situated to the north of that parallel shall belong unreservedly to the British North Borneo Company, and the portion south of that parallel to the Netherlands.
- ^ Agreement of 1915, (2) Starting from the boundary pillar on the West coast of the island of Sibetik, the boundary follows the parallel of 4° 10' North latitude westward until it reaches the middle of the channel, thence keeping a mid-channel course until it reaches the middle of the mouth of Troesan Tamboe. (3) From the mouth of Troesan Tamboe the boundary line is continued up the middle of this Troesan until it is intersected by a similar line running through the middle of Troesan Sikapal; it then follows this line through Troesan Sikapal as far as the point where the latter meets the watershed between the Simengaris and Seroedong Rivers (Sikapal hill), and is connected finally with this watershed by a line taken perpendicular to the centre line of Troesan Sikapal.
- ^ a b "Indonesia – Malaysia Boundary" (PDF), International Boundary Study, 45, 15 March 1965, archived from the original (PDF) on 27 February 2009
- ^ Ahmad Fauzi, Nordin (2006). "Land and River Boundary Demarcation and Maintenance - Malaysia's Experience" (PDF). Working paper at International Symposium on Land and River Demarcation and Maintenance in Support of Borderland Development. Retrieved 11 April 2008.
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(help) - ^ a b "Continenetal Shelf Boundary: Indonesia-Malaysia" (PDF), International Boundary Study Series a Limit in the Seas, 1, 21 January 1970, archived from the original (PDF) on 27 February 2009(map Archived 16 September 2006 at the Wayback Machine)
- ^ "Indonesia-Malaysia Territorial Sea Boundary" (PDF), International Boundary Study Series a Limit in the Seas, 50, archived from the original (PDF) on 27 February 2009 (map Archived 12 June 2009 at the Wayback Machine)
- ^ "Maritime boundaries: Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand" (PDF), International Boundary Study Series a Limit in the Seas, 81, 27 December 1978, archived from the original (PDF) on 27 February 2009 (map Archived 25 July 2009 at the Wayback Machine)
- ^ See map Archived 10 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine reproduced by the Singapore Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the country's response in the International Tribunal of the Law of the Sea case concerning the reclamation of lands by Singapore in the Straits of Johor Archived 10 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ "Continenetal Shelf Boundary: Indonesia-Malaysia" (PDF), International Boundary Study Series a Limit in the Seas, 1: 5, 21 January 1970, archived from the original (PDF) on 27 February 2009
- ^ Transcript of Press Conference by Minister for Foreign Affairs George Yeo and Indonesia Foreign Minister Hassan Wirajuda, DEPLU, Gedung Pancasila, 10 March 2009, 10 March 2009, archived from the original on 25 July 2009, retrieved 13 March 2009
- ^ a b Case concerning the Sovereignty over Pulau Ligitan and Pulau Sipadan (Indonesia/Malaysia), Judgment of 17 December 2002, p47 (International Court of Justice 1998).
- ^ International and Interstate Boundaries, 2006, retrieved 2 April 2008[dead link] .
- ^ "Sembilan titik kawasan di Sarawak, Sabah belum selesai rundingan persempadanan". Astro Awani. 23 March 2015. Retrieved 23 May 2015.
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- ^ I Made Andi Arsana (20 October 2011). "Understanding border issues in Camar Bulan, Tanjung Datu". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 23 May 2015.
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- ^ "Camar Bulan Milik Malaysia Sejak 1978". kompas.com. 10 October 2011. Retrieved 23 May 2015.
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- ^ Energy Security and Southeast Asia: The Impact on Maritime Boundary and Territorial Disputes Archived 13 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Harvard Asia Quarterly. Fall 2005.
- ^ "Shell & Petronas Carigali Awarded Two Ultra-Deepwater Blocks". Rigzone. 16 February 2005. Retrieved 4 June 2009.
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- ^ "Navy Was Set To Fire on Warship". Jakarta Globe. 29 May 2009. Archived from the original on 1 June 2009. Retrieved 4 June 2009.
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- ^ (in Malay) Polis marin tidak pernah guna kekerasan di perairan. Archived 5 September 2010 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ (in Indonesian) Dirjen Kementerian Kelautan Bantah Anak Buahnya Peras Nelayan Malaysia. Archived 25 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Nurfika Osman (16 August 2010). "Arrests at Sea Raise Tensions With Malaysia". Jakarta Globe. Archived from the original on 18 August 2010. Retrieved 5 September 2010.
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- ^ Ahmad Fuad Yahya (4 September 2010). "Students Demonstrate Opposite Malaysian Embassy". Bernama. Retrieved 5 September 2010.
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- ^ Mustaqim Adamrah and Adianto P. Simamora (18 August 2010). "Claim territory or risk losing it: Expert". Jakarta Post. Retrieved 5 September 2010.
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- ^ "14 RI military, police arrested in Malaysia". The Jakarta Post. 15 March 2015. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
- ^ Natalia, Desca Lidya (17 March 2017). "Presiden Jokowi Resmikan Pos Lintas Batas Negara Aruk". Kompas (in Indonesian). Retrieved 8 July 2017.
- ^ Ade, Putra (16 March 2017). "Pintu Lintas Batas di Kalbar Tuai Pujian dari Masyarakat Malaysia". Okezone.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 8 July 2017.
- ^ "Presiden resmikan PLBN Indonesia - Malaysia di Badau, Kalimantan Barat" (in Indonesian). Antara. 16 March 2017. Retrieved 8 July 2017.
- ^ Aditiasari, Dana (17 March 2017). "Begini Megahnya Pos Perbatasan Nanga Badau yang Diresmikan Jokowi". detikfinance (in Indonesian). Retrieved 8 July 2017.