Inonotus obliquus

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Inonotus obliquus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Hymenochaetales
Family: Hymenochaetaceae
Genus: Inonotus
Species:
I. obliquus
Binomial name
Inonotus obliquus
(
Pers.
) Pilát (1942)
Synonyms[1]

Boletus obliquus Ach. ex Pers. (1801)
Polyporus obliquus (Ach. ex Pers.) Fr. (1821)
Physisporus obliquus (Ach. ex Pers.)

Chevall.
(1826)
Poria obliqua (Ach. ex Pers.)
P.Karst.
(1881)
Fomes obliquus (Ach. ex Pers.) Cooke (1885)
Phaeoporus obliquus (Ach. ex Pers.)
J.Schröt.
(1888)
Mucronoporus obliqua (Ach. ex Pers.) Ellis &
Everh.
(1889)
Scindalma obliquum (Ach. ex Pers.) Kuntze (1898)
Phellinus obliquus (Ach. ex Pers.)
Pat.
(1900)
Xanthochrous obliquus (Ach. ex Pers.) Bourdot & Galzin (1928)
Fuscoporia obliqua (Ach. ex Pers.) Aoshima (1951)

Inonotus Obliquus
parasitic
Edibility is choice
Chaga chunks

Inonotus obliquus, commonly called chaga (

fruiting body of the fungus, but a sclerotium or mass of mycelium, mostly black because of a great amount of melanin.[2] Some people consider chaga medicinal.[3]

Common names

The name chaga comes from the

Kama River Basin, west of the Ural Mountains. It is also known as the clinker polypore, cinder conk, black mass and birch canker polypore.[4] In England and officially in Canada, it is known as the sterile conk trunk rot of birch.[5]

Morphology

Inonotus obliquus causes a white

sapwood occurs only around the sterile exterior mycelium mass.[6] The chaga fungus will continue to cause decay within the living tree for 10–80+ years. While the tree is alive, only sterile mycelial masses are produced (the black exterior conk). The sexual stage begins after the tree, or some portion of the tree, is killed by the infection. I. obliquus will begin to produce fertile fruiting bodies underneath the bark. These bodies begin as a whitish mass that turn to brown with time. Since the sexual stage occurs almost entirely under the bark, the fruiting body is rarely seen.[7] These fruiting bodies produce basidiospores
which will spread the infection to other vulnerable trees.

Chemistry

The black sclerotium has large concentrations of melanin.[8][9] Chaga contains extremely high concentrations of oxalate, 2800–11200 mg total oxalates/100 g sclerotium, one of the highest reported in any organism.[10]

Distribution and habitat

Inonotus obliquus is found most commonly in the Circumboreal Region of the Northern Hemisphere, where it is distributed in birch forests.[6]

Generally found growing on birch (

Fagus spp.) and poplar (Populus spp.).[11]

Cultivation

Attempts at cultivating this fungus on potato dextrose agar and other simulated media resulted in a reduced and markedly different production of metabolites.[12][13] Cultivated chaga developed a reduced number of phytosterols, particularly lanosterol, an intermediate in the synthesis of ergosterol and lanostane-type triterpenes.[12]

Uses

Chaga is traditionally grated into a fine powder and used to brew a beverage resembling

oxalates in chaga.[14]
Three extraction processes may be used.

See also

  • Herbalism
  • Medicinal fungi
  • Polypores

References

  1. ^ "Inonotus obliquus (Ach. ex Pers.) Pilát 1942". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 11 October 2011.
  2. S2CID 46047121
    .
  3. ISBN 978-1-4930-2669-2
    .
  4. ^ Needham, Arthur (16 December 2005). "Clinker Polypore, Chaga". Archived from the original on 9 September 2011. Retrieved 10 October 2011.
  5. ^ "Sterile conk trunk rot of birch". Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Government of Canada. 4 August 2015. Retrieved 15 August 2017.
  6. ^
    PMID 23997626
    .
  7. ^ MushroomExpert.Com. "Inonotus obliquus (MushroomExpert.Com)". mushroomexpert.com. Retrieved 15 August 2017.
  8. ^ Babitskaya, VG; Shcherba, VV; Lkonnikova, NV; Bisko, NA; Mitropolskaya, NY (2002). "Melanin complex from medicinal mushroom Inonotus obliquus (Pers: Fr) Pilát (chaga) (Aphyllophoromyceditdeae)". Int J Med Mushrooms. 4: 139–145.
  9. S2CID 23095628
    .
  10. PMID 23149251
    .
  11. ^ Ryvarden L, Gilbertson RL (1993). European polypores. Part 1. Oslo: Fungiflora-Fungiflora. pp. 1–387.
  12. ^
    PMID 17882960
    .
  13. S2CID 22145043
    .
  14. PMID 32419395
    .
  15. doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2007.03.028
    .
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