Interventional cardiology

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Coronary angiography and angioplasty in acute myocardial infarction (left: Right Coronary Artery [RCA] closed, right: successfully dilated)

Interventional cardiology is a branch of

Charles Dotter.[1]

Many procedures can be performed on the

Allen test.[3]
Downsides to this approach include spasm of the artery and pain, inability to use larger catheters needed in some procedures, and more radiation exposure. But, in recent times radial approach is getting popularity due to its patient comfort after procedure.

The main advantages of using the interventional cardiology or radiology approach are the avoidance of the scars and pain, and long post-operative recovery. Additionally, interventional cardiology procedure of primary angioplasty is now the gold standard of care for an acute myocardial infarction. It involves the extraction of clots from occluded coronary arteries and deployment of stents and balloons through a small hole made in a major artery, which has given it the name "pin-hole surgery" (as opposed to "key-hole surgery").

Procedures

Angioplasty
is an intervention to dilate either arteries or veins.
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI/Coronary angioplasty)
heart attack, it can be restricted to the culprit vessel (the one whose obstruction or thrombosis is suspected of causing the event) or complete revascularization; complete revascularization is more efficacious in terms of major adverse cardiac events and all-cause mortality.[4]
PCI is also used in people after other forms of myocardial infarction or
stable angina  may reduce the number of patients with angina attacks for up to 3 years following the therapy,[5] but it does not reduce the risk of death, future myocardial infarction, or need for other interventions.[6]
Valvuloplasty
It is the dilation of narrowed cardiac valves (usually mitral, aortic, or pulmonary).
Congenital heart defect correction
Percutaneous approaches can be employed to correct atrial septal and ventricular septal defects, closure of a patent ductus arteriosus, and angioplasty of the great vessels.
Percutaneous valve replacement
An alternative to
percutaneous aortic valve replacement/TAVI procedure), pulmonary valve and recently the mitral valve
Percutaneous valve repair
An alternative to
open heart surgery, percutaneous valve repair is performed on the mitral valve using the MONARC system or MitraClip system[7]
Coronary thrombectomy
Coronary thrombectomy involves the removal of a thrombus (blood clot) from the coronary arteries.[8]

Open heart surgery of the heart is performed by a cardiothoracic surgeon. Some interventional cardiology procedures are performed in conjunction with a cardiothoracic surgeon.

Education

In the US and Canada, interventional cardiology requires a minimum of seven years of post-graduate medical education and up to 9 years of post-graduate medical education for those wanting to perform advanced structural heart procedures.

  • Undergraduate degree (4 years)
  • Medical degree (4 years)
  • Internal Medicine residency (3 years)
  • Cardiology fellowship (3 years)
  • Interventional Cardiology fellowship (1–2 years)
  • Structural Heart Intervention fellowship (1 year)

See also

References

  1. PMID 19740425
    .
  2. ^ "Interventional Cardiology Specialty Description". American Medical Association.
  3. ISBN 0-07-142264-1
    .
  4. PMID 28647440
    .
  5. S2CID 256699436
    .
  6. PMID 22872053
    .
  7. PMID 21251638
    .
  8. ^ "Evanston Northwestern Hospital Interventional Cardiology". Retrieved 2008-03-06.

External links

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