Javanese Surinamese

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Javanese Surinamese
ꦎꦫꦁꦗꦮꦯꦸꦫꦶꦤꦩꦺ
Wong Jåwå Surinamè (in Javanese)
Javaanse Surinamers (in Dutch)
Wayang Kulit played by Surinamese Javanese
Total population
c. 126,500
Regions with significant populations
Paramaribo: 23,670 (10%) · Wanica: 21,175 (18%) · Commewijne: 14,829 (47%)
 Suriname102,000 (2019)[1] (ancestries with people from Java, including Javanese, Sundanese, Chinese-Indonesians, Madurese and mixed racials)
88,000–90,000 (2022)[2] (Javanese Surinamese only)
 Netherlands21,700 (2008)[3][4]
United States3,000
 French Guiana2,800
Languages
Surinamese-Javanese · Dutch · Sranan Tongo, Indonesian, French
Religion
Majority:
Sunni Islam 67.0%
Minority:
Christianity 21.4%, Kejawèn 5.6%, Hinduism 1.2%, No religion 2.8%, Other 0.8%, Unknown 1.2%
Related ethnic groups
Javanese · Javanese French Guianans

Javanese Surinamese are an ethnic group of

Dutch colonizers from the former Dutch East Indies
.

History

Javanese immigrants from the Dutch East Indies, picture taken between 1880 and 1900.

After the abolition of slavery, the plantations in

Mariënburg in Suriname, undertook a test to attract Javanese indentured workers from the Dutch East Indies. Until then, primarily Indian indentured workers from British India
worked at the Surinamese plantations as field and factory workers. On 9 August, the first Javanese arrived in Paramaribo. The test was considered successful and by 1894 the colonial government took over the task of recruiting Javanese hands. They came in small groups from the Dutch East Indies to the Netherlands, and from there to Paramaribo. The transport of Javanese immigrants continued until 1914 (except 1894) in two stages through Amsterdam.

Monument commemorating 100 years (1890–1990) of Javanese presence in Suriname. Sana Budaya, Paramaribo, Suriname.

The workers most came from villages in

Batavia, Semarang and Tandjong Priok
. The recruited workers and their families awaited their departure in a depot, where they were inspected and registered and where they signed their contract.

The immigrants were recruited to work on the plantations. The exception was a group in 1904, when 77 Javanese were recruited specifically to work at the Colonial Railways. From World War I Javanese also worked at the Suriname Bauxite Company in Moengo. Immigration continued until 13 December 1939. The outbreak of World War II ended transplantation schemes.

Population

A total of 32,965 Javanese immigrants went to Suriname. In 1954, approximately 1,000 Javanese returned to Indonesia, with the rest remaining in Suriname. The census of 1972 counted 57,688 Javanese in Suriname, and in 2004 there were 71,879. In addition, in 2004 more than 60,000 people of mixed descent were recorded, with an unknown number of part Javanese descent.

Religion of Javanese Surinamese[5]
  1. Sunni Islam (64.21%)
  2. Christianity (14.46%)
  3. Buddhism (5.59%)
  4. Hinduism (1.23%)
  5. Irreligion (1.82%)
  6. Unknown (9.27%)
  7. Not Answered (0.13%)
  8. Others (3.25%)

Diaspora

In 1953, a large group of 300 families (1,200 people), led by

Padang, clearing land and building new houses. They integrated smoothly with the Minangkabau
community, despite the fact that most of the Javanese were Christian. Marriages with the mainly Muslim Minangkabau were common. The current generation is said to identify more as Indonesian than Surinamese, but still maintain contacts with family and friends in Suriname and the Netherlands, sometimes traveling to those countries.

In the 1970s, 20,000–25,000 Javanese Surinamese went to the Netherlands. They settled mainly in and around cities such as

Groningen, Amsterdam, The Hague, Rotterdam, and Zoetermeer. They are well integrated into Dutch society, but preserve their Javanese identity through associations and regularly organized meetings. Most still have relatives in Suriname and send remittances
, and regularly visit Suriname.

Notable people

References

  1. ^ "Suriname". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. 18 December 2019. Retrieved 23 December 2019.
  2. ^ "Indonesia Suriname To Enhance Economic And Socio Cultural Cooperation | Portal Kementerian Luar Negeri Republik Indonesia". kemlu.go.id. Retrieved 27 February 2022.
  3. ^ Ko Oudhof, Carel Harmsen, Suzanne Loozen en Chan Choenni, "Omvang en spreiding van Surinaamse bevolkingsgroepen in Nederland Archived 2015-08-18 at the Wayback Machine" (CBS – 2011)
  4. ^ Ko Oudhof en Carel Harmsen, "De maatschappelijke situatie van Surinaamse bevolkingsgroepen in Nederland Archived 2015-08-18 at the Wayback Machine" (CBS – 2011)
  5. ^ Aris Ananta, Evi Nurvidya Arifin, M Sairi Hasbullah, Nur Budi Handayani, Agus Pramono. Demography of Indonesia's Ethnicity. Singapore: ISEAS: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2015. p. 270 (based on 2010 census data).
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