Jiufotang Formation
| Jiufotang Formation | ||
|---|---|---|
Ma | ||
| Type | Approximate paleocoordinates 44°24′N 119°30′E / 44.4°N 119.5°E | |
| Region | Liaoning | |
| Country |  China | |
| Type section | ||
| Named for | Jiufotang, Pingfangzi, Liaoning | |
| Named by | Ryuji Endo | |
| Year defined | 1934[1] | |
  Jiufotang Formation (China)  Jiufotang Formation (Liaoning) | ||
The Jiufotang Formation (
Fossil content
Choristoderans
| Genus | Species | County | Member | Abundance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Philydrosaurus | P. proseilus | Monjurosuchid | |||
| Ikechosaurus | I. pijiagouensis | Simoedosaurid | |||
| Liaoxisaurus | L. chaoyangensis | Simoedosaurid |
Fish
| Genus | Species | County | Member | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Caeruleum
|
C. miraculum[4] | Weichang | A lamprey | ||
| C. gracilis[5] | Weichang | A lamprey | |||
| Jinanichthys | J. longicephalus | An osteoglossomorph
|
|||
| Lycoptera | L. davidi | An osteoglossomorph |  | ||
| Peipiaosteus | P. pani | A fish related to sturgeons | |||
| Protopsephurus | P. liui | A paddlefish | |||
| Sinamia | S. zdanskyi | An amiiform |  |
Mammaliamorphs
Several mammaliamorph specimens have been found from the Jiufotang, but only a few have been formally described and named.
| Genus | Species | County | Member | Material | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cokotherium | C. jiufotangensis[6] | Partial skeleton | A eutherian | ||
| Fossiomanus | F. sinensis[7] | A nearly complete skeleton | A synapsid
| ||
| Liaoconodon | L. hui[8] | A nearly complete skeleton | A eutriconodont
| ||
| Unnamed mammal | Unnamed | Partial remains including a foot and fragments of the skull | A mammal similar to Eomaia and Sinodelphys from the Yixian Formation. Found as stomach contents of Microraptor zhaoianus. |
Ornithischians
| Genus | Species | County | Member | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
C. chaoyangensis[9] |
Liaoning | A nearly complete skeleton missing only the distal portion of the caudal series. |
A basal ankylosaurid, sister taxon to Liaoningosaurus.[9]
|
 | ||
| Liaoningosaurus[10] | L. paradoxus[10] |  | ||||
|
|
Meileyingzi Bed |
"[Four] individuals, [two] complete skulls."[11] |
A ceratopsian. |
Psittacosaurus meileyingensis Psittacosaurus mongoliensis | ||
|
|
Shangheshou and Meileyingzi Beds |
Pterosaurs
| Genus | Species | County | Member | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
C. zhangi |
A chaoyangopterid[12] |
    | ||||
|
E. liaoxiensis |
A chaoyangopterid[12] | |||||
|
F. youngi |
Jianshangou Bed |
A boreopterid | ||||
| Forfexopterus | F. jeholensis | A ctenochasmatid | ||||
|
G. jingangshanensis |
Jingangshan Bed |
A ctenochasmatid | ||||
| Guidraco |
G. venator |
A pteranodontoid[13]
| ||||
| Hongshanopterus | H. lacustris | An istiodactylid | ||||
| Huaxiadraco | H. corollatus | Multiple specimens | A tapejarid[14] | |||
|
" |
"H." benxiensis |
A tapejarid; synonymized with Huaxiadraco in 2023 | ||||
| Ikrandraco |
I. avatar |
A pteranodontoid[13]
| ||||
|
J. edentus |
A chaoyangopterid[12] | |||||
|
L. gui |
A pteranodontoid[13]
| |||||
|
L. brachyognathus |
An istiodactylid[12] | |||||
|
L. jennyae |
||||||
| Meilifeilong | M. youhao | Jianchang | A nearly complete skeleton and a partial skull | A chaoyangopterid[15] | ||
|
N. crypticus |
A tapejaromorph; previously and still occasionally thought to be a tapejarid. Most likely a juvenile, hence small size. | |||||
|
N. ignaciobritoi |
An istiodactylid[12] | |||||
| Pangupterus | P. liui | A pterodactyloid | ||||
|
S. chaoyangensis |
A chaoyangopterid | |||||
| S. sanyainus | A chaoyangopterid[16] | |||||
|
S. dongi |
A tapejarid[12] | |||||
|
S. jii |
Previously known as Huxiapterus jii | |||||
|
V. lamadongensis |
An anurognathid
|
Saurischians
A large titanosaur is present in the formation.[17]
Enantiornithines
| Genus | Species | County | Member | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
A. agitornis[18] |
An enantiornithean
|
    | ||||
|
B. zhengi |
"Partial skull [and] partial postcranium."[19] |
A longipterygid | ||||
| Brevirostruavis | B. macrohyoideus | "an extremely elongate bony hyoid element (only slightly shorter than the skull), combined with a short cranial rostrum."[20] | An enantiornithine | |||
|
C. aberransis |
An enantiornithine | |||||
|
C. caudatus |
Nomen dubium[21] | |||||
|
C. yandica |
"Partial skeleton."[19] |
An enantiornithean | ||||
|
C. houi |
A possible avisaurid | |||||
|
D. sentisorhinus |
An enantiornithean | |||||
|
E. walkeri |
"Partial skeleton."[19] |
An enantiornithean | ||||
|
G. jiufotangensis |
An enantiornithean | |||||
| Imparavis[22] | I. attenboroughi | Jianchang | An articulated, nearly complete specimen | |||
|
H. huji |
An enantiornithean | |||||
|
L. sexdentoris |
An enantiornithean | |||||
|
L. sanyanensis |
An enantiornithean | |||||
|
L. chaoyangensis |
A longipterygid | |||||
| Musivavis | M. amabilis | "A nearly complete and articulated skeleton preserved in a single slab."[23] | An euenantiornithean | |||
|
R. pani |
A longipterygid | |||||
|
S. graciles |
An enantiornithean | |||||
|
S. santensis |
"Partial skull [and] many nearly complete postcranial skeletons."[24] |
An enantiornithean | ||||
|
X. shenmi |
An enantiornithean | |||||
|
Y. kompsosoura |
An pengornithid |
Euornithines
| Genus | Species | County | Member | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
A. wui |
Junior synonym of Yanornis martini[25] |
Yanornis martini Yixianornis grabaui | |||
|
C. beishanensis |
"Partial skeleton."[24] |
A basal euornithean
| ||||
|
J. microdonta |
A basal euornithean | |||||
|
M. dentatus |
A schizoourid
| |||||
|
P. chaoyangensis |
A hongshanornithid
| |||||
|
P. lii |
An ornithuromorph
| |||||
|
S. lii |
A schizoourid with long, forked tail feathers | |||||
|
S. brevipectus |
An ornithuromorph | |||||
|
S. linghensis |
An ornithuromorph | |||||
|
Y. martini |
An ornithuromorph | |||||
|
Y. grabaui |
An ornithuromorph | |||||
|
Z. yangi |
A basal euornithean[27] |
Non-ornithothoracean theropods
Color key
|
Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; |
| Genus | Species | County | Member | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chongmingia[28] | C. zhengi | A partial skeleton with preserved soft tissues | A jinguofortisid avialan | Confuciusornis sanctus Jeholornis prima Microraptor gui Sinotyrannus kazuoensis  | ||
|
C. sanctus |
A primitive short-tailed avialan (pygostylian). Also present in the Yixian Formation | |||||
|
C. jianchangensis |
||||||
| Cratonavis[29] | C. zhui | Jianchang
|
A complete skeleton with preserved feathers | A jinguofortisid avialan | ||
|
D. cuhe |
Nomen dubium, named from a forged artificially assembled specimen. | |||||
|
J. prima[3] |
A jeholornithiform avialan, also present in the Yixian Formation[30]
| |||||
|
J. palmapenis[31] |
A jeholornithiform avialan | |||||
|
K. longicaudatus |
"Nearly complete specimen".[32] |
A jeholornithiform avialan | ||||
|
M. gui |
Shangheshou Bed |
Extremely common[17] |
Could be synonym of Microraptor zhaoianus | |||
|
M. zhaoianus |
Shangheshou Bed[17] |
"At least [three] partial semiarticulated postcrania and several skulls."[33] Feathered integument is also preserved.[33] |
A dromaeosaurid .
| |||
|
N. rectusmim |
A jeholornithiform avialan | |||||
|
O. sinousaorum |
An omnivoropterygiform avialan | |||||
|
S. angustis |
"Nearly complete skeleton without skull."[34] |
An omnivoropterygiform , a primitive short-tailed avialan
| ||||
|
S. chaoyangensis |
||||||
|
|
Shenshiornis primita[35] |
An omnivoropterygiform avialan | ||||
|
S. yixianensis |
An oviraptorosaur
| |||||
|
S. kazuoensis[36] |
||||||
| Wulong[37] | W. bohaiensis[37] | Chaoyang, Liaoning[37] | Complete articulated skeleton (D2933).[37] | A dromaeosaurid
|
Crustaceans
| Genus | Species | County | Member | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eosestheria | Eosestheria middendorfii[38] | A clam shrimp |
Plants
| Genus | Species | County | Member | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czekanowskia | Czekanowskia rigida[39] | A member of Czekanowskiales, Dominant | ||||
| Ginkgo | Ginkgo digitata[39] | A member of Ginkgoales | ||||
| Elatocladus | Elatocladus pinnatus[39] | Conifer foliage | ||||
| Pityolepis | Pityolepis ovatus[39] | Conifer cone | ||||
| Leptostrobus | Leptostrobus sinensis[39] | A member of Czekanowksiales, occasionally misspelled "Leptosthrobus" | ||||
| Baiera | Baiera valida[39] | A member of Ginkgoales | ||||
| Baiera cf. gracilis[39] | ||||||
| Ginkgoites | Ginkgoites trancata[39] | A member of Ginkgoales, dominant | ||||
| Gingkgoites trancatus[39] | ||||||
| Podozamites | Podozamites sp.[38] | Conifer foliage | ||||
| Sphenopteris | Sphenopteris sp.[38] | Seed plant foliage |
See also
- Yixian Formation
- List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations
References
- ^ Endo, R. (1934). Geology and mineral resources of Manchuria 滿洲の地質及鑛産 (in Japanese). Tokyo: Sanseido.
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- ^ .
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- ^ PMID 25118986.
- ^ ISSN 1672-3767.
- ^ "Table 22.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 479.
- ^ S2CID 131602205.
- ^ S2CID 129062416.
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- PMID 38129429.
- )
- ^ S2CID 32369205.
- ^ Li, L., Hu, D.-Y., Duan, Y., Gong, E.-P. and Hou, L.-H. (2007). "Alethoalaornithidae fam. nov., a new family of enantiornithine bird from the Lower Cretaceous of western Liaoning." Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 46(3): 365-372. (http://www.cqvip.com/qk/90074X/200703/25642898.html) [in Chinese]
- ^ a b c "Table 11.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 212.
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- .
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- S2CID 247432530.
- ^ a b "Table 11.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 214.
- ^ Cau, A.; Arduini, P. (2008). "Enantiophoenix electrophyla gen. et sp. nov. (Aves, Enantiornithes) from the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian) of Lebanon and its phylogenetic relationships". Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale in Milano. 149: 293–324.
- ^ Li, Li; Jing-Qi Wang; Shi-Lin Hou (2011). "A new ornithurine bird (Hongshanornithidae) from the Jiufotang Formation of Chaoyang, Liaoning, China" (PDF). Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 49 (2): 195–200.
- S2CID 84386177.
- PMID 26806355.
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- ^ a b "Table 10.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 198.
- ^ "Table 11.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 216.
- S2CID 86441777.
- ^ a b c Ji, Q.; Ji, S.-A.; Zhang, L.-J. (2009). "First large tyrannosauroid theropod from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota in northeastern China". Geological Bulletin of China. 28 (10): 1369–1374.
- ^ PMID 31943887.
- ^ a b c Shao, J. D., Tan, Q., Wang, H., Zhang, M., & He, H. Y. (2011). The Mesozoic strata and the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary in the Daxinganling Region. Geology and Resources, 20(1), 4-11.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Pan, Y. Q., Gao, F. L., Zhang, G. R., Wang, X., & Wu, Z. J. (2015). New discovery of phytolith from Jiufotang formation in Xiaotaizi area, Liaoning Province. Geol Resources, 24, 87-92.
Further reading
- Wang, Y; Evans, SE (2011). "A gravid lizard from the Cretaceous of China and the early history of squamate viviparity". Naturwissenschaften. 98 (9): 739–743. S2CID 8017857.