Johann Joachim Quantz
Johann Joachim Quantz | |
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Born | 30 January 1697 |
Died | 12 July 1773 Potsdam, Germany | (aged 76)
Occupations |
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Works | List of compositions |
Signature | |
Johann Joachim Quantz (German:
Biography
1697–1723: Early life
Quantz was born as Hanß Jochim Quantz[1] in Oberscheden, near Göttingen, in the Electorate of Hanover. His father, Andreas Quantz, was a blacksmith who died when Hans was not yet 11; on his deathbed, he declared that his son should follow in his footsteps. Quantz states in his autobiography that he had been trained as a blacksmith from the age of nine.[2] As a result of his father's death he was given the opportunity to choose his own career path and from 1708 to 1713 he began his musical studies with his uncle Justus Quantz, a town musician in Merseburg; he also studied for a time with a cousin's husband, the organist Johann Friedrich Kiesewetter. From 1714 on, Quantz studied composition extensively and pored over scores of the masters to adopt their style.[3]
In 1716 he joined the town band in
1724–1727: Grand tour
Between 1724 and 1727 Quantz completed his education by doing a "Grand Tour" of Europe as a flutist. He studied counterpoint with
1741–1773: Court of Frederick
When Frederick II became King of Prussia in 1740, Quantz finally accepted a position as flute teacher, flute maker and composer. He joined at the court in Berlin in December 1741 and stayed there for the rest of his career.[3] He made flutes from at least 1739 and was an innovator in flute design, adding a second key (Eb, in addition to the standard D#) to help with intonation, for example. Frederick owned 11 flutes made by Quantz.[8]
As well as writing hundreds of sonatas and concertos, mainly for the flute, he is known today as the author of Versuch einer Anweisung die Flöte traversiere zu spielen (1752) (titled On Playing the Flute in English), a treatise on traverso flute playing. It is a valuable source of reference regarding
Quantz never joined his orchestra, lived in
Works
Few of Quantz's works were published during his lifetime. Most of them are for transverse flute, including more than 200 sonatas, around 300 concertos, including several for two flutes; around 45 trio sonatas (mostly for 2 flutes or flute and violin, with continuo); 6 quartets for flute, violin, viola and continuo; various flute duets and flute trios; and unaccompanied caprices and fantasias for flute.
The thematic catalog for Quantz's works was published by Horst Augsbach.[10] 'QV' stands for 'Quantz Verzeichnis', and 'Anh.' for 'Anhang' ("supplement") when the authenticity of the works is in doubt. A number of additional works have been discovered or come to light since its publication.
References
- ^ Horst E. Gerke, Jühnder Mitteilungen, Vol. 18, Eigenverlag, October 2011, p. 603 (in the Archiv der Ev. Kirche Hannover).
- OCLC 1032726094.
- ^ a b c Biography with translated excerpts of Quantz's autobiography at a Elysium ensemble's website.
- ^ Anekdoten von König Friedrich II. von Preussen, p. 145-148
- ^ Johann Joachim Quantz, sein Leben und seine Kompositionen by Raskin, Adolf, p. 105
- ^ Berlin, Summer 1730; Thomas Campbell: Frederick the great and his times. Volume 1
- ^ Leben und charakter Friedrichs II, königs von Preussen: by Carl Philipp Funke, p. 14
- ^ Music at German Courts, 1715-1760: Changing Artistic Priorities edited by Samantha Owens, Barbara M. Reul, Janice B. Stockigt
- ^ "Nicolai, Friedrich: Beschreibung der Königlichen Residenzstädte Berlin und Potsdam, S. 393" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-09-13. Retrieved 2021-09-14.
- ^ H. Augsbach, Johann Joachim Quantz: Thematisch-systematisch Werkverzeichnis, (Stuttgart, Carus-Verlag, 1997)
Further reading
- Oleskiewicz, Mary. “Quantz’s Flute Quartets Lost and Found,” Flute Talk 24 (April 2005): 13–20.
- Oleskiewicz, Mary. “Quantz’s Quatuors and Other Works Newly Discovered,” Early Music 31 (2003): 484–505.
- Oleskiewicz, Mary. Johann Joachim Quantz: Six Quartets for Flute, Violin, Viola, and Basso Continuo (Ann Arbor: Steglein Publishing, 2004).
- Oleskiewicz, Mary. Johann Joachim Quantz: Seven Trio Sonatas, Recent Researches in Music of the Baroque Era, vol. 111 (Middleton, Wis.: A-R Editions, 2001).
- Oleskiewicz, Mary. “The Flutes of Quantz: Their Construction and Performing Practice,” Galpin Society Journal 52 (2000): 201–220.
- Oleskiewicz, Mary. Quantz and the flute at Dresden: his instruments, his repertory, and their significance for the "Versuch" and the Bach circle. PhD diss., Duke University, 1999.
- Oleskiewicz, Mary. “The Trio in Bach’s Musical Offering: A Salute to Frederick’s Tastes and Quantz’s Flutes?,” in Bach Perspectives, Volume 4: The Music of J.S. Bach: Analysis and Interpretation, ed. David Schulenberg (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1999), 79–110.
- Oleskiewicz, Mary. “Eine Quantz-Flöte in Halle? Zuordnungen und Überlegungen zu Quantz als Flötenbauer,” in Festschrift für Rainer Weber, Scripta Artium, vol. 1 (Leipzig: Universität Leipzig, 1999), pp. 79–84.
- Oleskiewicz, Mary. “A Museum, a World War, and a Rediscovery: Flutes by Quantz and Others from the Hohenzollern Museum,” Journal of the American Musical Instrument Society 24 (1998): 107–45.
- Reilly, Edward (1971). Quantz and his Versuch: three studies. Studies and documents (American Musicological Society), no. 5. New York American Musicological Society. OCLC 147901.
- Schmitz, Hans-Peter (1987). Quantz heute: Der "Versuch einer Anweisung die Flöte traversiere zu spielen" als Lehrbuch für unser Musizieren. Bärenreiter: Kassel. OCLC 17658485.
- Kachmarchyk, Vladimir (2009). German flute art in XVIII-XIX centuries. Kyiv: Diss.
- Kachmarchyk, Vladimir (2008). German flute art in XVIII-XIX centuries. Denetsk: Yugo-Vostok. ]
- Quantz, Johann Joachim (1985). On playing the flute (trans. by Edward R. Reilly) ((March 1, 2001) 2nd ed.). Northeastern. p. 423. ISBN 978-1-55553-473-8.
External links
- A biography of Quantz taken largely from his autobiography published in 1754–5
- Information about the Quantz association
- Free scores by Johann Joachim Quantz at the International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP)
- The Mutopia Project has compositions by Johann Joachim Quantz
- The Quantz Project - The complete works recorded by Benedek Csalog & Alexis Kossenko