Kovel
Kovel
Ковель | |
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   | |
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UTC+3 (EEST) | |
| Postal code | 45000 |
| Area code | +380 3352 |
| Website | kovel |
Kovel (
Kovel gives its name to one of the oldest
History
The name Kovel comes from a Slavonic word for blacksmith hence the horseshoe on the town's
Kovel (Kowel) was first mentioned in 1310.
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After the Third Partition of Poland, in 1795, the town fell into the Russian Empire for over a hundred years. During the First World War, the city was a site of the Battle of Kowel between the Central Powers and the Russian Empire.
During the
In World War II, following the joint Nazi German-Soviet invasion of Poland in 1939, Kovel was occupied by the Soviet Union and had a large number of Jewish refugees from German-occupied Poland. The area had a large presence of the Communist Party of Western Ukraine, and thus the Red Army was generally greeted as liberators.[8] Subsequently, in 1941 Operation Barbarossa the Germans having conquered the town on 28 June 1941 murdered 18,000 Jews in Kovel, mostly during August and September 1942. The Germans operated the Stalag 301 POW camp, a subcamp of the Stalag 360 POW camp and a Dulag transit POW camp in the town.[9]
About 8,000 Jews were murdered in the forest near Bakhiv on 19 August 1942 during the liquidation of the Kovel ghetto, established on 25 May 1942. Jewish victims were driven by train from Kovel to Bakhiv where pits were dug close to the railroads. Actually there were two ghettos, one within the city and another in the suburbs of Pyaski. Both ghettos had 24,000 Jews, including many refugees. The Jews from both ghettos were executed at different places and at different time. The Jewish community ceased to exist.[10][11]
In March and April 1944 during the Soviet Polesskoe offensive, Kovel was a site of fierce fighting between the 5th SS Panzer Division Wiking and the Red Army.
During the
Geography
Climate
| Climate data for Kovel (1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 0.0 (32.0) |
1.3 (34.3) |
6.4 (43.5) |
14.3 (57.7) |
20.7 (69.3) |
23.2 (73.8) |
25.2 (77.4) |
24.6 (76.3) |
18.9 (66.0) |
13.0 (55.4) |
5.7 (42.3) |
1.0 (33.8) |
12.9 (55.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −2.8 (27.0) |
−2.1 (28.2) |
2.1 (35.8) |
8.6 (47.5) |
14.3 (57.7) |
17.1 (62.8) |
19.1 (66.4) |
18.1 (64.6) |
13.1 (55.6) |
8.0 (46.4) |
2.5 (36.5) |
−1.5 (29.3) |
8.0 (46.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −5.5 (22.1) |
−5.1 (22.8) |
−1.5 (29.3) |
3.5 (38.3) |
8.6 (47.5) |
11.6 (52.9) |
13.6 (56.5) |
12.6 (54.7) |
8.5 (47.3) |
4.1 (39.4) |
−0.1 (31.8) |
−3.7 (25.3) |
3.9 (39.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 33.3 (1.31) |
34.6 (1.36) |
37.9 (1.49) |
42.6 (1.68) |
59.3 (2.33) |
80.2 (3.16) |
90.9 (3.58) |
61.0 (2.40) |
60.8 (2.39) |
39.3 (1.55) |
43.5 (1.71) |
40.4 (1.59) |
623.8 (24.56) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 8.8 | 9.2 | 9.1 | 8.1 | 9.0 | 10.5 | 9.5 | 8.0 | 8.6 | 7.7 | 10.1 | 10.0 | 108.6 |
| Average relative humidity (%)
|
85.1 | 83.4 | 77.7 | 69.1 | 69.3 | 72.6 | 74.2 | 74.7 | 80.7 | 82.2 | 86.1 | 87.1 | 78.5 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 46.3 | 69.9 | 132.2 | 194.8 | 260.1 | 250.0 | 263.8 | 250.9 | 163.8 | 124.8 | 55.1 | 33.6 | 1,845.3 |
| Source: World Meteorological Organization[12] | |||||||||||||
Transportation
Kovel is the north-western hub of the Ukrainian
.Notable people
- Serhiy Chapko (born 1988), former professional footballer
- Lesya Ukrainka (1871–1913), Ukrainian poet
- Abraham Zapruder (1905–1970), clothing manufacturer who filmed the Assassination of John F. Kennedy
- Meir Auerbach (1815–1877), first Ashkenazi Chief Rabbi of Jerusalem.
- Israel Friedlander, rabbi, educator and biblical scholar
- Frieda Hennock, first female commissioner of the Federal Communications Commission
- Kazimierz Dejmek (1924–2002), Polish actor, theatre and film director
- Michał Waszyński (1904–1965), Polish (later American) film producer
- Ryszard Horodecki (born 1943), Polish physicist, professor of University of Gdańsk
Twin towns – sister cities
References
- ^ "Municipal official site in Ukrainian". Archived from the original on 2012-02-27. Retrieved 2009-10-10.
- ^ a b Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2022.
- ^ illustration
- ^ ISBN 83-89188-32-5.
- ^ Gembarzewski, Bronisław (1925). Rodowody pułków polskich i oddziałów równorzędnych od r. 1717 do r. 1831 (in Polish). Warszawa: Towarzystwo Wiedzy Wojskowej. pp. 7, 11.
- ^ Photograph from the Boris Feldblyum Collection
- ^ a b Ryłko, Władysław (1929). Zarys historji wojennej 7-go pułku artylerii polowej (in Polish). Warszawa. pp. 22–23.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - )
- ISBN 978-0-253-06089-1.
- ^ "Yahad - in Unum".
- ^ "Bakhiv (Kovel)".
- ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010". World Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 17 July 2021. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
- ^ "Міста партнери". kovelrada.gov.ua (in Ukrainian). Kovel. Retrieved 2020-03-31.
- ^ "Sister City - Kovel, Ukraine". www.chambleega.com. Chamblee. Retrieved 2022-02-13.
External links
- Kovel News (in Ukrainian)
- Short history of Kowel (in English)
- Carrier "Kowel" leased by Poland during World War II
- Tineke Looijenga, Texts & contexts of the oldest Runic inscriptions Published by BRILL. Page 127
- A Testament of a Jewish Woman from Kowel, Poland Source: Safira Rapoport (Ed.), Yesterdays and then Tomorrows, Yad Vashem 2002, p. 183 (in the Hebrew edition).
- David Pentland, "Fight for Kowel, Poland, March/April 1944", Gerhard Fischer Knights Cross signature series
- Historic images of Kovel
- Soviet topographic map 1:100 000
- Photos of Kovel at "Ukraine Photos"
- http://www.shtetlinks.jewishgen.org/kovel/kovel.htm
- http://www.israeli-kovel-org.org/english.html
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