Lake Tahoe
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Lake Tahoe | |
---|---|
Dáʔaw ( Carson City (6%) | |
Average depth | 1,000 ft (300 m)[1] |
Max. depth | 1,645 ft (501 m) |
Water volume | 36 cu mi (150 km3; 120,000,000 acre⋅ft)[2] |
Residence time | 650 years |
Shore length1 | 71 mi (114 km) |
Surface elevation | 6,225 ft (1,897 m)[1] |
Frozen | Rarely, in Emerald Bay[3] |
Islands | Fannette Island |
Settlements | Incline Village, NV South Lake Tahoe, CA Stateline, NV Tahoe City, CA Kings Beach, CA |
1 Shore length is not a well-defined measure. |
Lake Tahoe (/ˈtɑːhoʊ/; Washo: Dáʔaw) is a freshwater lake in the Sierra Nevada of the Western United States, straddling the border between California and Nevada. Lying at 6,225 ft (1,897 m) above sea level, Lake Tahoe is the largest alpine lake in North America,[4] and at 122,160,280 acre⋅ft (150.7 km3) it trails only the five Great Lakes as the largest by volume in the United States. Its depth is 1,645 ft (501 m), making it the second deepest in the United States after Crater Lake in Oregon (1,949 ft or 594 m).[1]
The lake was formed about two million years ago as part of the Lake Tahoe Basin, and its modern extent was shaped during the ice ages. It is known for the clarity of its water and the panorama of surrounding mountains on all sides.[5] The area surrounding the lake is also referred to as Lake Tahoe, or simply Tahoe; its English name is derived from its Washo name, Dáʔaw.[6] More than 75% of the lake's watershed is national forest land, covered by the Lake Tahoe Basin Management Unit of the United States Forest Service.
Lake Tahoe is a major tourist attraction in both Nevada and California. It is home to winter sports, summer outdoor recreation, and scenery enjoyed throughout the year. Snow and ski resorts are a significant part of the area's economy and reputation.[7][8] The Nevada side also offers several lakeside casino resorts, with highways providing year-round access to the entire area.
Toponym
The name for Lake Tahoe derives from the
Geography
Lake Tahoe is the second deepest lake in the U.S., with a maximum depth of 1,645 feet (501 m),[1][11] trailing Oregon's Crater Lake at 1,949 ft (594 m).[11] Tahoe is the 17th[12] deepest lake in the world, and the sixth deepest in average depth. It is about 22 mi (35 km) long and 12 mi (19 km) wide and has 72 mi (116 km) of shoreline and a surface area of 191 square miles (490 km2). The lake is so large that its surface is noticeably convex due to the curvature of the Earth.[13] At lake level the opposing shorelines are below the horizon at its widest parts; by nearly 100 feet (30 m) at its maximum width, and by some 320 feet (98 m) along its length.[14][15] Visibility may vary somewhat with atmospheric refraction;[16] when the air temperature is much greater than the lake temperature, looming may occur where the lake surface or opposing shoreline is lifted above the horizon. Fata Morgana may be responsible for Tahoe Tessie sightings.
Approximately two-thirds of the shoreline is in California.
Lake Tahoe is fed by 63 tributaries. These drain an area about the same size as the lake and produce half its water, the other half by direct precipitation.
The Truckee River is the lake's only outlet,[4] flowing northeast through Reno, Nevada, into Pyramid Lake which has no outlet. It accounts for one third of the water that leaves the lake, the rest evaporating from the lake's surface. Evaporation is thought to account for 40 to 60 percent of the water usage.[18] The flow of the Truckee River and the height of the lake are controlled by the Lake Tahoe Dam at the outlet. The natural rim is at 6,223 ft (1,897 m) above sea level. The maximum legal limit to which the lake can be allowed to rise in order to store water is at 6,229.1 ft (1,898.6 m); a spillway at the dam controls overflow.[19] Around New Year 1996/1997 a Pineapple Express atmospheric river melted snow and caused the lake and river to overflow, inundating Reno and surrounding areas.[20]
Natural history
Geology
The Lake Tahoe Basin was formed by vertical motion (normal)
Lake Tahoe is the youngest of several extensional basins of the
Three principal faults form the Lake Tahoe basin: the West Tahoe Fault, aligned between
Some of the highest peaks of the Lake Tahoe Basin that formed during the process of Lake Tahoe creation are Freel Peak at 10,891 feet (3,320 m), Monument Peak at 10,067 feet (3,068 m), Pyramid Peak at 9,984 feet (3,043 m) (in the Desolation Wilderness), and Mount Tallac at 9,735 feet (2,967 m).[1] The north shore boasts three peaks at over 10,000 feet (3,048 m): Mount Rose at 10,785 feet (3,287 m), Mount Houghton at 10,490 feet (3,197 m) and Relay Peak at 10,388 feet (3,166 m). Mt. Rose is a very popular hiking and backcountry skiing destination.
Eruptions from the now-extinct volcano Mount Pluto formed a volcanic dam on the north side. Melting snow filled the southern and lowest part of the basin to form the ancestral Lake Tahoe. Rain and runoff added additional water.[27]
The Sierra Nevada adjacent to Lake Tahoe were carved by scouring
Soils of the basin come primarily from
Given the great depth of Lake Tahoe, and the locations of the normal faults in the deepest portions of the lake, modeling suggests that earthquakes on these faults can trigger tsunamis. Wave heights of these tsunamis are predicted to be on the order of 10 to 33 ft (3 to 10 m) in height, capable of traversing the lake in just a few minutes.[28] A massive collapse of the western edge of the basin that formed McKinney Bay around 50,000 years ago is thought to have generated a tsunami/seiche wave with a height approaching 330 ft (100 m).[29]
Climate
Lake Tahoe has a
August is normally the warmest month at the Lake Tahoe Airport (elevation 6,254 ft; 1,906 m) with an average maximum of 78.7 °F (25.9 °C) and an average minimum of 39.8 °F (4.3 °C). January is the coolest month with an average maximum of 41.0 °F (5.0 °C) and an average minimum of 15.1 °F (−9.4 °C). The all-time maximum of 99 °F (37 °C) was recorded on July 22, 1988. The all-time minimum of −16 °F (−27 °C) was recorded on December 9, 1972. Temperatures exceed 90 °F (32 °C) on an average of 2.0 days annually. Minimum temperatures of 32 °F (0 °C) or lower occur on an average of 231.8 days annually, and minimum temperatures of 0 °F (−18 °C) or lower occur on an average of 7.6 days annually. Freezing temperatures have occurred in every month of the year.[30][31]
Climate data for Tahoe City, California (Elevation 6,230 ft; 1,900 m) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °F (°C) | 59 (15) |
60 (16) |
67 (19) |
74 (23) |
89 (32) |
90 (32) |
99 (37) |
94 (34) |
87 (31) |
80 (27) |
70 (21) |
60 (16) |
99 (37) |
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 38.6 (3.7) |
40.3 (4.6) |
44.0 (6.7) |
50.4 (10.2) |
59.6 (15.3) |
68.7 (20.4) |
77.9 (25.5) |
77.2 (25.1) |
69.8 (21.0) |
58.8 (14.9) |
46.9 (8.3) |
40.3 (4.6) |
56.0 (13.3) |
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 19.1 (−7.2) |
19.9 (−6.7) |
22.8 (−5.1) |
26.9 (−2.8) |
32.8 (0.4) |
38.6 (3.7) |
44.4 (6.9) |
43.7 (6.5) |
39.0 (3.9) |
32.3 (0.2) |
25.8 (−3.4) |
20.8 (−6.2) |
30.5 (−0.8) |
Record low °F (°C) | −14 (−26) |
−15 (−26) |
−6 (−21) |
5 (−15) |
9 (−13) |
24 (−4) |
22 (−6) |
28 (−2) |
21 (−6) |
9 (−13) |
1 (−17) |
−16 (−27) |
−16 (−27) |
Average precipitation inches (mm) | 5.97 (152) |
5.29 (134) |
4.12 (105) |
2.14 (54) |
1.20 (30) |
0.65 (17) |
0.26 (6.6) |
0.30 (7.6) |
0.59 (15) |
1.82 (46) |
3.57 (91) |
5.55 (141) |
31.47 (799) |
Average snowfall inches (cm) | 45.9 (117) |
36.5 (93) |
35.2 (89) |
15.9 (40) |
3.7 (9.4) |
0.2 (0.51) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0.3 (0.76) |
2.4 (6.1) |
15.5 (39) |
35.2 (89) |
190.7 (484) |
Source: The Western Regional Climate Center[32] |
Ecology
Vegetation in the basin is dominated by a mixed conifer forest of
Native fish of the lake include Lahontan cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi), mountain whitefish (Prosopiurm williamsoni), Lahontan speckled dace (Rhinichthys osculus robustus), Lahontan redside (Rhinichthys egregious), Lahontan Lake tui chub (Siphateles bicolor pectinifer), Tahoe sucker (Catostomus tahoensis), Lahontan mountain sucker (Catostomus platyrhynchus lahontan), and Paiute sculpin (Cottus beldingi). Most of these fish populations have been significantly reduced due to the introduction of nonnative fish, Asian clam (Corbicula fluminea), and mysid shrimp. Competition from introduced fish led cutthroat trout to be completely extirpated from the lake in the early 20th century until reintroduction efforts started in 2019.[38][39][37]
Introduced fish species include
The lake's low temperatures and extreme depth can slow the decomposition rate of organic matter. For example, the almost perfectly preserved body of a diver was found at a depth of 300 feet (90 m) 17 years after he went missing.[48]
Human history
Native peoples
The area around Lake Tahoe was previously inhabited by the Washoe Native Americans. Lake Tahoe was the center and heart of Washoe Indian territory, including the upper valleys of the Walker, Carson and Truckee Rivers.
Cave Rock is a large rock formation located on the southeastern shore of the lake and considered a sacred site for the Washoe Indians. The Washoe people called Cave Rock deʔek wadapush (Washo for Standing Gray Rock). Part of why the Washoe felt the Cave was sacred was due to "The Lady of the Lake" a rock formation on the side of the Cave which looks like the profile of a woman's face gazing out towards the lake. Washoe ancestors performed religious ceremonies inside the cave. There were significant but ultimately unsuccessful protests from the tribe when a tunnel was blasted through the rock in 1931 for Highway 50.[49]
Exploration and naming
Lt.
The usage never became universal. By the start of the
The debate took a new direction when William Henry Knight, mapmaker for the federal
"Lake Tahoe," also like "Lake Bigler," did not gain universal acceptance.
But to most surveys and the general public it was known as Lake Tahoe.[55] By the end of the 19th century "Lake Bigler" had nearly completely fallen out of popular use in favor of "Tahoe." The California State Legislature reversed its previous decision in 1945, officially changing the name to Lake Tahoe.
Mining era
Upon discovery of gold in the
Lake Tahoe became a transportation hub for the surrounding area as mining and logging commenced prior to development of railroads. The first mail delivery was via a
Tod Goodwin burned at Tallac, and most of the other steamboats were retired as the sawmills ran out of trees and people began traveling by automobile.[58] Niagara was scrapped at Tahoe City in 1900.[60] Governor Stanford was beached at Glenbrook where its boiler was used until 1942 heating cottages at Glenbrook Inn and Ranch. Steamboats continued to carry a mail clerk around Lake Tahoe until 1934, when the mail contract was given to the 42-foot (13 m) motorboat Marian B powered by two Chevrolet engines. Mail delivery moved ashore after the Marian B was lost on May 17, 1941, when her owner and the mail clerk attempted mail delivery during a storm.[58] The 60-foot (18 m) Emerald (II) left Lake Tahoe in 1935 to become a fishing boat in San Diego.[59] Historic Tahoe, Nevada, and Meteor were purchased with hope they might be preserved; but were scuttled in deep water after deterioration made preservation impractical. The latter two lie in Glenbrook Bay, but Tahoe sank in deeper water.[58]
Development
Even in the mining era, the potential of the basin as a tourist destination was recognized. Tahoe City was founded in 1864 as a resort community for Virginia City.[57]
Public appreciation of the Tahoe basin grew, and during the
While Lake Tahoe is a natural lake, it is also used for water storage by the
During the first half of the 20th century, development around the lake consisted of a few vacation homes. The post-World War II population and building boom, followed by construction of gambling casinos in the Nevada part of the basin during the mid-1950s, and completion of the interstate highway links for the 1960 Winter Olympics held at Olympic Valley (then known as "Squaw Valley"), resulted in a dramatic increase in development within the basin. From 1960 to 1980, the permanent residential population increased from about 10,000 to greater than 50,000, and the summer population grew from about 10,000 to about 90,000.[57] Since the 1980s, development has slowed due to controls on land use.
Government and politics
Interstate boundary dispute
Lake Tahoe is divided by the prominent interstate boundary between California and Nevada, where the two states' edges make their iconic directional turn near the middle of the lake. This boundary has been disputed since the mid-nineteenth century.[62]
As part of the
The wealth in natural resources between the Sierra Crest and the easternmost sections of survey lines created a powerful source for conflict. Major mining sites in the Tahoe area were in disputed territory. In a striking display of opportunism which ostensibly occurred because the boundary was still "officially" unsurveyed, settlers arrogated parts of California up to the irregular Sierra Crest tens of miles east of the boundary—defined over six years prior—in an attempt to create Nataqua Territory. An armed skirmish known as the Sagebrush War included gunshots exchanged between militia.[67] Even after six surveys, conflict remained over which of them, if any, were legally binding in marking the boundary;[66] this was partially heard by the Supreme Court of the United States in 1980, where the doctrine of acquiescence was invoked.[63]
A boundary defined in terms of
The legacy of this dispute continues.[66] There is an official federal[65] obelisk-shaped monument marking the oblique California border, which is now surrounded by Edgewood Tahoe golf resort that is claimed and taxed by Nevada.[65][70] A federal survey monument was removed to the Lake Tahoe Historical Society circa 2018.[69] The Von Schmidt line crosses US 50 on the west edge of present-day Applebee's, and the east edge of the Marcus Ashley Gallery in Tahoe Crescent V Shopping Center.[70][71] The Nevada community of Stateline has been moved east.[72]
The boundary splits Lake Tahoe unevenly, with two-thirds in California and one-third in Nevada.[73] In California, Lake Tahoe is divided between Placer County and El Dorado County. In Nevada, Lake Tahoe is divided among Washoe County, Douglas County and Carson City (an independent city).
Shorezone and beach ownership
Lake Tahoe is a
While the
does not have the authority to override existing federal law even if it was also created by Congress.Like the interstate boundary itself, the high watermark has been disputed as well.
California side
On the California side, the shorezone is expressly maintained in a constitutionally[86] and statutorily[87] protected public trust,[88] analogous to an easement,[84][85] which is managed by the California State Lands Commission[89] and under a concurrent federal easement. As public land, the shorezone on this side may be used for nearly any purpose,[84] rather than just travel. Building new piers can infringe on the public trust, which among many things, is purposed to preserve the land in its natural state.[84] Accretions created in the shorezone by artificial means remain as public land because they are part of the public trust.[90][91][92] The private Lakeside Park Association has made such an artificial accretion of land that is freely open for public use.[92][93] Access to and from the shorezone across private land on publicly enjoyed paths is by right-of-way[94] or prescriptive easement.[95][96][97][98] Recent attempts by Lakefront Homeowners to use piers as "easement fences" to obstruct beach travel are encroaching centuries of established easement and admiralty law.[84] It is a crime for anyone who hinders, prevents, or obstructs free passage over the state land[99][100][101] or federal public easement.[102]
Nevada side
The accessibility of the Nevada beach-land below the high watermark has been the source of practical rather than legal controversy. The land is a public trust or easement under the
Protection
As the population grew and development expanded in the 1960s, the question of protecting the lake became more imperative. In 1969, the U.S. Congress and the California and Nevada State Legislatures created a unique compact to share resources and responsibilities. The Compact established the Tahoe Regional Planning Agency (TRPA), a bi-state agency charged with environmental protection of the Basin through land-use regulation and planning.[118] In 1980, the U.S. Congress amended the Compact with public law 96-551. The law designated a new agency, the Tahoe Transportation District (TTD), to facilitate and implement Basin and regional transportation improvements/additions for the protection, restoration and use of the lake. Schisms between both agencies and local residents have led to the formation of grass-roots organizations that hold to even stricter environmentalism.[119]
Historical locations
Lake Tahoe is also the location of several 19th and 20th century palatial homes of historical significance. The
Environmental issues
Water quality
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
Despite land-use planning and export of treated
Historically, the clarity of Lake Tahoe continued to decrease through 2010, when the average
A water quality study by the Lahontan Water Quality Control Board and the Nevada Division of Environmental Protection[129] determined the largest source of fine sediment particles: 71 percent is developed area (urban) erosion and run-off, much of it associated with transportation infrastructure and services.[130]
Lake Tahoe is a tributary watershed drainage element within the Truckee River Basin, and its sole outlet is the Truckee River, which continues on to discharge to Pyramid Lake. Because of the sensitivity of Truckee River water quality (involving two protected species, the
Lake Tahoe never freezes.[132] Since 1970, it has mixed to a depth of at least 1,300 ft (400 m) a total of six or seven times. Dissolved oxygen is relatively high from top to bottom. Analysis of the temperature records in Lake Tahoe has shown that the lake warmed (between 1969 and 2002) at an average rate of 0.027 °F (0.015 °C) per year. The warming is caused primarily by increasing air temperatures, and secondarily by increasing downward long-wave radiation. The warming trend is reducing the frequency of deep mixing in the lake and may have important effects on water clarity and nutrient cycling.[133]
Ecosystem changes
Since the 1960s, the Lake's food web and
In June 2007, the
Environmental protection
Construction activities have resulted in a clouding of the lake's blue waters. Currently, the Tahoe Regional Planning Agency is regulating construction along the shoreline[138] (and has won two Federal Supreme Court battles over recent decisions).[139] These regulations are unpopular with many residents, especially those in the Tahoe Lakefront Homeowners Association.[140]
The League to Save Lake Tahoe (Keep Tahoe Blue) has been an environmental watchdog in the Lake Tahoe Basin for 50 years.[141] Founded when a proposal to build a four-lane highway around the lake—with a bridge over the entrance to Emerald Bay—was proposed in 1957, the League has opposed many development projects in the area, which it alleges were environmentally harmful. The League embraces responsible and diversified use of the Lake's resources while protecting and restoring its natural attributes.[141]
Since 1980, the Lake Tahoe Interagency Monitoring Program (LTIMP) has been measuring stream discharge and concentrations of nutrients and sediment in up to 10 tributary streams in the Lake Tahoe Basin, California-Nevada. The objectives of the LTIMP are to acquire and disseminate the water quality information necessary to support science-based environmental planning and decision making in the basin. The LTIMP is a cooperative program with support from 12 federal and state agencies with interests in the Tahoe Basin. This data set, together with more recently acquired data on urban runoff water quality, is being used by the Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board to develop a program (mandated by the Clean Water Act) to limit the flux of nutrients and fine sediment to the Lake.
Microplastics were found for the first time in 2019 by the Desert Research Institute. This pollution in the water could be local or from locations around the world as particles from discarded plastic products can be transported long distances through the atmosphere by wind, rain and falling snow.[142] In 2023, updated measurements of microplastics in the lake revealed that Lake Tahoe contained some of the highest microplastic pollution concentrations found among 38 lakes and reservoirs measured.[143][144][145] Restoring the Lake Depths Foundation uses a BlueROV2 to survey the bottom of Lake Tahoe in an organized grid pattern to remove microplastics and trash.[146]
The UC Davis Tahoe Environmental Research Center is dedicated to research, education and public outreach, and to providing objective scientific information for restoration and sustainable use of the Lake Tahoe Basin.[147] Each year, it produces a "State of the Lake" report, assessing changes such as lake clarity, nutrients and particles, or meteorology around the lake.
Tourism
Much of the area surrounding Lake Tahoe is devoted to the tourism industry and there are many restaurants,
Winter sports
During
Some of the major ski areas in Tahoe include:
- Heavenly Mountain Resort: the largest ski area in California and Nevada,[citation needed] located near Stateline on the South Shore
- Palisades Tahoe: the second largest ski area,[citation needed] known for its hosting of the 1960 Winter Olympics, located near Tahoe City
- Alpine Meadows: a medium-sized ski area on the north shore only a few miles from Olympic Valley and operated as part of Palisades Tahoe
- Diamond Peak: a small ski area located in Incline Village, Nevada
- Northstar California: a popular north shore ski area, known for its consistently rated top 10 North American terrain park[149]
- Kirkwood Mountain Resort: a ski area which gets more snow than any other ski area in the Tahoe region
- Sierra-at-Tahoe: a medium-sized south shore ski area
- Boreal Mountain Resort: a small ski area on Donner Pass
- Sugar Bowl Ski Resort: a medium-sized ski area on Donner Pass
- Donner Ski Ranch: a very small ski area on Donner Pass
- Homewood Mountain Resort: a medium-sized ski area on the west shore
- Mount Rose Ski Resort: a medium-sized ski area north-east of the Lake, on Slide Mountain
The majority of the ski resorts in the Lake Tahoe region are on the northern end of the lake, near Truckee, California and Reno, Nevada. Kirkwood, Sierra-at-Tahoe and Heavenly are located on the southern side of the lake, 55–75 miles (90–120 km) from Reno. Scattered throughout Tahoe are public and private
Many ski areas around Tahoe also have
The NHL hosted 2 outdoor games at Lake Tahoe in 2021.[150]
Water sports
During late Spring to early Fall, the lake is popular for water sports and beach activities. The two cities most identified with the Lake Tahoe tourist area are South Lake Tahoe, California and the smaller Stateline; smaller centers on the northern shoreline include Tahoe City and Kings Beach.
Other popular activities include parasailing, jet ski rentals, eco-friendly paddle sport rentals and fishing.[151] There are rental locations around Lake Tahoe. Kayaking and stand-up paddle boards have also become very popular.
Boating is a primary activity in Tahoe in the summer. The lake is home to one of the most prestigious wooden boat shows in the country, the
Fred Rogers became the first person to swim the length of Lake Tahoe in 1955, and Erline Christopherson became the first woman to do so in 1962.[155][156]
Motorcycling
The lake and its scenic environs provide many opportunities for motorcyclists to ride both on and off-road. The most popular circuit that goes around the lake runs clockwise and starts in South Lake Tahoe on the California side.[157] Riding north via route 89 allows riders to pull over to the right to admire the views without crossing traffic. Continuing onto highway 28 East, and finally, onto US-50 West will complete the full tour. Doing it in reverse allows experiencing the views from a different perspective. Kingsbury Grade (highway 207) is another popular route with local motorcyclists. It is only 11 miles long from South Lake Tahoe to Mottsville and can also be ridden in both directions. Some of the most scenic motorcycling stops and views around the lake:
- Emerald Bay – southwest Lake Tahoe, off Highway 89
- Fallen Leaf Lake– 6 miles southwest of South Lake, via Highway 89
- Zephyr Cove – 6 miles north of South Lake, off Highway 50
- Cave Rock – 9 miles north of South Lake, off Highway 50
- Sand Harbor – northwest Lake Tahoe, off Highway 28
- Kings Beach – North Lake Tahoe, off Highway 28
- Donner Lake – 21 miles north of Lake Tahoe, off I-80
Hiking and bicycling
There are numerous hiking and mountain biking trails around the lake. They range widely in length, difficulty and popularity. One of the most famous of Tahoe's trails is the
Gambling
Gambling is legal on the Nevada side of Lake Tahoe. Casinos, each with a variety of slot machines and table games are available. Four are located on the South Shore in Stateline, and four on the North Shore; three in Crystal Bay and one in Incline Village.
When Nevada legalized gambling in 1931, the first casino at the lake had already been open for years. First built on the North Shore in Crystal Bay by Robert Sherman in 1926,[158] the Cal-Neva Lodge became the property of Norman Henry Biltz and was sold to Bill Graham and Jim McKay in 1929.
The Cal-Neva was rebuilt after a fire in 1937 and expanded several times, most noticeably in 1969 when the high-rise hotel was built. Along the way, Frank Sinatra owned the property in the early 1960s, shared his cabins with the likes of Sam Giancana and Marilyn Monroe, and sold out at the height of the area's popularity.
Other casinos at the North Shore include the Crystal Bay Club, first built in 1937 as the Ta-Neva-Ho; the Tahoe Biltmore, and the Nugget. The Hyatt Regency is found at Incline Village.
At South Shore,
Transportation
Lake Tahoe can be reached directly by car and bus, and indirectly by train or air. The nearest passenger train service is the
The
Highways
Visitors can reach Lake Tahoe under ideal conditions within two hours from the Sacramento area, one hour from Reno or thirty minutes from Carson City. In winter months, chains or snow tires are often necessary to reach Tahoe from any direction. Traffic can be heavy on weekends due to tourists if not also from weather.
The primary routes to Lake Tahoe are on
California State Route 89 follows the western shore of the lake through the picturesque wilderness and connects camping, fishing and hiking locations such as those at Emerald Bay State Park, DL Bliss State Park and Camp Richardson. Farther along are communities such as Meeks Bay and Tahoe City. Finally, the highway turns away from the lake and heads northwest toward Truckee.
California State Route 28 completes the circuit from Tahoe City around the northern shore to communities such as Kings Beach, Crystal Bay, and into Incline Village, Nevada where the road becomes Nevada State Route 28. Route 28 returns along the eastern shore to US 50 near Spooner Lake.
Major area airports
- Reno-Tahoe International Airport/KRNO (Reno, Nevada)
- Sacramento International Airport/KSMF (Sacramento, California)
- Lake Tahoe Airport/KTVL (South Lake Tahoe, California)
- Truckee-Tahoe Airport/KTRK (Truckee, California)
- Minden–Tahoe Airport/KMEV (Minden, Nevada)
Communities
California
- Carnelian Bay #3
- Dollar Point #4
- Kings Beach #1
- Sunnyside-Tahoe City#5
- Tahoe Vista #2
- Tahoma (partially in El Dorado County) #6
- South Lake Tahoe #7
- Tahoma (partially in Placer County) #6
- Tahoe Keys
Nevada
- Carson City #14
- Glenbrook #13
- Lakeridge #11
- Logan Creek #12
- Round Hill Village #8
- Skyland #10
- Stateline #17
- Zephyr Cove #9
- Crystal Bay #16
- Incline Village #15
In the media
The Ponderosa Ranch of the TV series Bonanza was formerly located on the Nevada side of Lake Tahoe.[159] The opening sequence of the TV series was filmed at the McFaul Creek Meadow, with Mount Tallac in the background. In September 2004 the Ponderosa Ranch closed its doors, after being sold to developer David Duffield for an undisclosed price.[160][161]
The 1974 film The Godfather Part II used the lakeside estate Fleur de Lac as the location of several scenes, including the elaborate First Communion celebration, the Senator's shakedown attempt of Michael, the assassination attempt on Michael, Michael disowning Fredo, Carmela Corleone's funeral, Fredo's execution while fishing, and the closing scene of Michael sitting alone outside. Fleur de Lac, on the western California shore of Lake Tahoe, was formerly the Henry Kaiser estate. The surrounding lakeside area has been developed into a private gated condominium community and some of the buildings of the "Corleone compound" still exist, including the boathouse.[162]
The 2014 film Last Weekend, starring Patricia Clarkson and directed by Tom Dolby and Tom Williams, used the west shore lakefront home of Ray and Dagmar Dolby as the primary location for its interiors and exteriors. The house, built in 1929, was also the site for the exteriors for A Place in the Sun, starring Elizabeth Taylor and Montgomery Clift.[163] The 1988 film Things Change was also filmed here.[164]
British rock band A's song "Here We Go Again (I Love Lake Tahoe)" and the accompanying music video centers around the band's love for the lake and the surrounding holiday locations.
The lake is mentioned in the lyrics to the song "Unfair" by cult indie rock band Pavement.
The lake is the setting for Kate Bush's song of the same name from the album 50 Words for Snow. In the song, a woman who drowned in the lake is reunited with her beloved dog in the afterlife.[165] The song was accompanied by a video written and directed by Bush.
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e f g This article incorporates public domain material from Facts About Lake Tahoe. United States Geological Survey. Retrieved October 26, 2008.
- ^ van der Leeden; Troise; Todd (1990), The Water Encyclopedia (2nd ed.), Chelsea, MI: Lewis Publishers, pp. 198–200
- ^ "Today in Tahoe History – February 28". Tahoe History. February 28, 2017. Archived from the original on July 4, 2020. Retrieved December 17, 2019.
- ^ a b "Visit Lake Tahoe". Lake Tahoe Visitors Authority.
- ^ "Water Quality". The League To Save Lake Tahoe. Retrieved October 26, 2008.
- ^ "The Washoe People" Past and Present
- ^ a b "Lake Tahoe Resorts Winter sports". Porters Tahoe. Archived from the original on January 2, 2012. Retrieved October 26, 2008.
- ^ Munson, Jeff (October 21, 2008). "In rocky economy, ski-resort jobs are seen as more than free passes". Nevada Appeal. Retrieved October 29, 2008.
- ^ "Lake Tahoe Basin Mgt Unit – History & Culture". www.fs.usda.gov. Retrieved January 15, 2016.
- ^ Natalie E. Davenport (2019). "Naming, Remembering, and Experiencing We’ lmelt’ iʔ [northern Washoe] Cultural Spaces in Wa she shu It Deh [Washoe Land]". ScholarWorks, University of Nevada, Reno. Accessed 1 Jan 2023. pp. 194, 329. https://scholarworks.unr.edu/bitstream/handle/11714/6780/Davenport_unr_0139D_13067.pdf
- ^ a b "The World's Deepest Lakes" (PDF). US Department of the Interior: National Park Service. Retrieved October 31, 2008.
- ^ "Deepest Lake in the World Deepest Lake in the United States". Geology.com. Retrieved October 31, 2008.
- ^ Peterson, Dave (September 25, 2020). "How Much Does the Earth Curve?". The Math Doctors. Retrieved July 15, 2023.
- ^ "Distance to the Horizon Calculator". Retrieved June 22, 2018.
- ^ Senesac, David. "Visual Line of Sight Calculations dependent on Earth's Curvature". Retrieved June 22, 2018.
- ^ Young, Andrew T. "Looming, Towering, Stooping, and Sinking". An Introduction to Green Flashes. San Diego State University. Retrieved July 10, 2018.
- ^ "Lake Tahoe Trivia" (Press release). Lake Tahoe Visitors Authority. June 10, 2005. Archived from the original on February 22, 2009. Retrieved October 26, 2008.
- ^ Friedrich, Katja, et al. "Reservoir Evaporation in the Western United States: Current Science, Challenges, and Future Needs." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, vol. 99, no. 1, 2018, p. 169. JSTOR website Retrieved 5 June 2023.
- ^ "USGS – National Water Information System". Retrieved April 14, 2016.
- ^ Renda, Matthew (December 2016). "A New Year's Deluge". Retrieved December 22, 2016.
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- ^ Perlman, David (September 3, 2012). "New tool to dig up fresh quake clues". San Francisco Chronicle.
- ^ "California-Nevada Fault Map centered at 39°N,120°W". USGS. Archived from the original on June 7, 2011. Retrieved September 18, 2012.
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- ^ "Frequently Asked Questions about Lake Tahoe and the Basin". Lake Tahoe Basin Management Unit. Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Archived from the original on May 10, 2009. Retrieved June 20, 2007.
- S2CID 128945972.
- ^ Gardner, J.V. (July 2000). "The Lake Tahoe debris avalanche". 15th Annual Geological Conference. Geological Society of Australia.
- ^ "Tahoe, California – Climate Summary". Desert Research Institute. Retrieved October 31, 2008. (1903–2007 climate data)
- ^ "Climate Data – North Lahontan Hydrologic Region". State of California, Department of Water Resources. Archived from the original on December 19, 2017. Retrieved October 31, 2008. (30-year climate data)
- ^ "Seasonal Temperature and Precipitation Information". Western Regional Climate Center. Retrieved April 13, 2013.
- . Retrieved June 17, 2014.
- ISBN 978-1-894898-54-6.
- ^ "Trees Indigenous to Lake Tahoe". Northstar-at-Tahoe Resort. Archived from the original on January 19, 2012. Retrieved October 31, 2008.
- ^ "The Nature Conservancy: Rorippa subumbellata". Natureserve. Retrieved November 15, 2011.
- ^ a b c "The Lake Tahoe Takeover". FISHBIO Fisheries Research, Monitoring, and Conservation. May 17, 2017. Retrieved July 17, 2020.
- ^ a b "Nevada Department of Wildlife". Ndow.org. Archived from the original on November 18, 2020. Retrieved July 17, 2020.
- ^ "More Than 4,600 Lahontan Cutthroat Trout Released into Native Lake Tahoe". Active NorCal. May 28, 2020. Retrieved July 17, 2020.
- ^ Marcia Williamson (October 1992). "Tahoe's drama of the kokanee". Sunset Magazine. Retrieved May 8, 2010.
- ^ Beier, P; Barrett, RH (1989). "Beaver Distribution in the Truckee River Basin, California" (PDF). California Fish and Game. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 20, 2011. Retrieved January 17, 2010.
- ^ "The Beavers of the Truckee River". Tahoe Arts and Mountain Culture. July 20, 2009. Archived from the original on June 9, 2011. Retrieved August 16, 2010.
- ^ Keaven Van Lom (January 16, 2010). "This is Wildlife Management in the 21st century?". Moonshine Ink. Archived from the original on March 3, 2012. Retrieved August 16, 2010.
- ^ James, C. D.; Lanman, R. B. (Spring 2012). "Novel physical evidence that beaver historically were native to the Sierra Nevada". California Fish and Game. 98 (2): 129–32. Retrieved June 17, 2014.
- ^ R. B. Lanman; H. Perryman; B. Dolman; Charles D. James (Spring 2012). "The historical range of beaver in the Sierra Nevada: a review of the evidence". California Fish and Game. 98 (2): 65–80. Retrieved June 17, 2014.
- ^ 2ndNature; Huffman & Carpenter, Inc. (April 2010). North Canyon Creek Restoration Project: Phase I Final Report (PDF) (Report). U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Sacramento District. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 11, 2016. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
{{cite report}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ hdl:2148/264.
- ^ "At Lake Tahoe, a scuba diver's body is recovered after 17 years". Los Angeles Times. August 9, 2011.
- ^ "Cave Rock". Sierranevadageotourism.org. Retrieved October 8, 2021.
- ^ "Lake Tahoe Facts and Figures". Tahoe Regional Planning Association. Archived from the original on February 5, 2012. Retrieved October 26, 2008.
- ^ a b "Where does the name "Tahoe" come from?". rubiconbay.net. Archived from the original on March 15, 2007. Retrieved May 9, 2007.
- ^ "History of Lake Tahoe". South Lake Tahoe Chamber of Commerce. Archived from the original on May 2, 2007. Retrieved May 9, 2007.
- Virginia City Territorial Enterprise. Retrieved January 2, 2023 – via www.twainquotes.com.
- ISBN 0-486-42832-X.
- ^ Erwin, Gudde (2004). California Place Names: The origin and etymology of current geographical names. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. p. 121.
- ^ Brown, Julie (October 30, 2020). "Why Tahoe never became a national park". SFGATE. Retrieved December 27, 2020.
- ^ a b c d This article incorporates public domain material from Stream and Ground-Water Monitoring Program, Lake Tahoe Basin, Nevada and California. United States Geological Survey. Retrieved November 24, 2009.
- ^ a b c d e McKean, Owen F. Railroads and Steamers of Lake Tahoe. San Mateo, California: Francis Guido. pp. 9, 14, 15, 30&31.
- ^ a b Noble, Doug (January 12, 2015). "The Early Steamers on the Lake". Doug Steps Out. Retrieved September 3, 2017.
- ^ a b McLaughlin, Mark (August 3, 2015). "Sierra History: a look at Lake Tahoe's wonderful wood-powered steamship past". Sierra Sun. Retrieved September 3, 2017.
- ^ "Water Delivery Projects and Facilities". Lahontan Basin Area Office. U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. Archived from the original on October 12, 2011. Retrieved November 24, 2009.
- ^ a b Brean, Henery (May 2, 2009). "Nevada and California have a border dispute going back to 1850". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Archived from the original on February 15, 2001. Retrieved June 4, 2018. Alt URL
- ^ a b California v. Nevada, 44 U.S. 125 (Supreme Court of the United States 1980) ("The two straight-line segments that make up the boundary between California and Nevada were initially defined in California's Constitution of 1849. The first, the "north-south" segment, commences on the Oregon border at the intersection of the 42d parallel and the 120th meridian and runs south along that meridian to the 39th parallel. And the second, the "oblique" segment, begins at that parallel and runs in a southeasterly direction to the point where the Colorado River crosses the 35th parallel. Cal.Const., Art. XII (1849). In 1850, when California was admitted to the Union, Congress approved the 1849 Constitution, and with it California's eastern boundary. Act of Sept. 9, 1850, 9 Stat. 452.").
- ^ "NGS Data Sheet – California Nev Iron Mon". Survey Marks and Datasheets. NOAA: National Geodetic Survey.
- ^ a b c "NGS Data Sheet – Initial Mon – 1 CA NV". Survey Marks and Datasheets. NOAA: National Geodetic Survey.
- ^ a b c Abbe, Donald (1979). "1872 California-Nevada State Boundary Marker". National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination Form. National Park Service. Retrieved June 20, 2018.
Between 1855 and 1900, six different surveys of California's eastern boundary were made. None of them agreed as to the location of the boundary or the 120th degree of longitude. Various surveys were conducted in 1855, 1863, 1872, 1889 and 1893. The 1872 Von Schmidt survey is the only one that was clearly marked along its entire length with stone, rock, wood and iron markers. The 1872 survey also was accepted longer than any other survey before its inaccuracy became widely known. It was not until 1893 that the Von Schmidt line was found to be 1,600 to 1,800 feet too far west. However, even after 1893, the Von Schmidt line remained the accepted boundary, and is still used more today than the more accurate 1893 version. Oddly enough, both the 1872 and 1893 lines have been recognized and are used by both California and Nevada.
- ^ Brean, Henry (April 27, 2009). "Four Corners mistake recalls long border feud between Nevada, California". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Archived from the original on April 2, 2012. Retrieved April 27, 2009.
- ^ "NGS Data Sheet – Von Schmidts Iron Monument". Survey Marks and Datasheets. NOAA: National Geodetic Survey.
The south face has the lettering inscribed – 1872 longitude 120 west of Greenwich A.W. Von Schmidt U.S. astronomer and surveyor
- ^ a b "NGS Data Sheet – Upper Truckee". Survey Marks and Datasheets. NOAA: National Geodetic Survey.
It was placed near the old blocks that mark the astronomical station of Van Schmidt.
- ^ a b United States Geological Survey (1982). South Lake Tahoe, Calif. – Nev (JPEG) (Topographic map). 1:24,000. 7.5 Minute Series. Reston, VA: United States Geological Survey. Retrieved July 17, 2018.
- ^ United States Geological Survey (1891). Markleeville Sheet (JPEG) (Topographic map). 1:125,000. Reston, VA: United States Geological Survey. Retrieved July 17, 2018.
- ^ United States Geological Survey (1992). South Lake Tahoe, Calif. – Nev (JPEG) (Topographic map). 1:24,000. 7.5 Minute Series. Reston, VA: United States Geological Survey. Retrieved July 17, 2018.
- ^ "Truckee River Chronology". Nevada Department of Conservation & Natural Resources. Archived from the original on August 25, 2010. Retrieved October 26, 2008.
- ^ "33 CFR 2.36(a)(3)(i) - Navigable waters of the United States, navigable waters, and territorial waters". United States.
navigable waters of the United States, navigable waters, and territorial waters mean...Internal waters of the United States not subject to tidal influence that:...Are or have been used, or are or have been susceptible for use, by themselves or in connection with other waters, as highways for substantial interstate or foreign commerce, notwithstanding natural or man-made obstructions that require portage...
- ^ a b c Kaiser Aetna v. United States, 444 US 164 (Supreme Court of the United States December 4, 1979) ("four tests for determining what constitutes navigable waters: whether the body of water (1) is subject to the ebb and flow of the tide, (2) connects with a continuous interstate waterway, (3) has navigable capacity, and (4) is actually navigable. Using these tests, courts have held that bodies of water much smaller than lakes and rivers also constitute navigable waters. Even shallow streams that are traversable only by canoe have met the test.").
- ^ "18 U.S. Code § 7 - Special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States defined". Law.cornell.edu. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
- ^ "33 CFR 2.38(a) - Waters subject to the jurisdiction of the United States; waters over which the United States has jurisdiction". United States.
Waters subject to the jurisdiction of the United States and waters over which the United States has jurisdiction mean the following waters...Navigable waters of the United States, as defined in § 2.36(a).
- ^ "14 U.S. Code § 2 - Primary duties". United States.
The Coast Guard shall—(1) enforce or assist in the enforcement of all applicable Federal laws on, under, and over the high seas and waters subject to the jurisdiction of the United States;...(3) administer laws and promulgate and enforce regulations for the promotion of safety of life and property on and under the high seas and waters subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, covering all matters not specifically delegated by law to some other executive department
- ^ a b c d "33 CFR 329.4 - General definition". United States.
Navigable waters of the United States are those waters that are subject to the ebb and flow of the tide and/or are presently used, or have been used in the past, or may be susceptible for use to transport interstate or foreign commerce. A determination of navigability, once made, applies laterally over the entire surface of the waterbody, and is not extinguished by later actions or events which impede or destroy navigable capacity.
- ^ "43 U.S. Code Chapter 29 - SUBMERGED LANDS". Law.cornell.edu. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
- ^ "Newlands Project". Usbr.gov. U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. May 11, 2011. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
- Court of Appeals of CaliforniaJuly 25, 2002) ("Many activities will give rise to liability both as a trespass and a nuisance, if they result in the violation of a person's right of exclusive possession of land and also constitute an unreasonable and substantial interference with the use and enjoyment of the land. A trespass is an invasion of the interest in the exclusive possession of land, as by entry upon it. A nuisance is an interference with the interest in the private use and enjoyment of the land and does not require interference with the possession of it.").
- ^ a b Cudahy, Claire (April 13, 2018). "High water level damages Lake Tahoe beachfront properties". Swift Communications, Inc. The Record Courier. Archived from the original on December 19, 2020. Retrieved July 13, 2018.
In the Zephyr Cove neighborhood Marla Bay, beachfront properties have suffered from two years of water levels well above the lake's natural rim, which sits at an elevation of 6,223 feet. ...the U.S. District Court Water Master...is required by law to keep the water below the surface elevation of 6,229.1 feet, the federal legal limit ..."I've pleaded with the water master to drop the lake, and he said he can't—he's bound by law," said Smith.
- ^ Court of Appeals of California November 24, 1986) ("Littoral property owners owned the shorezone of a lake in fee simple to the low watermark of the lake in its current condition; however, their fee simple title in the shorezone was impressed with a public trust, analogous to an easement, acquired by the state pursuant to the doctrine of prescription and held for the benefit of the public for purposes of commerce, navigation, fishing, recreation, and preservation of the land in its natural state. ... The uses of land subject to the public trust over the shorezone of navigable waters are broader than actual uses of the land previously by the public. See Official Reports Annotated Here").
- ^ a b State of California v. Superior Court (Fogerty), 297 Cal.3d 240 (Supreme Court of California March 20, 1981) ("plaintiffs may use the shorezone for any purposes which are not incompatible with the public trust. Landowners who have previously constructed docks, piers and other structures in the shorezone may continue to use these facilities unless the state determines, in accordance with applicable law, that their continued existence is inconsistent with the reasonable needs of the trust. See Official Reports Annotated Here").
- ^ "California Constitution Article X Section 4". California Legislative Information. State of California.
No individual, partnership, or corporation, claiming or possessing the frontage or tidal lands of ... navigable water in this State, shall be permitted to exclude the right of way to such water whenever it is required for any public purpose, nor to destroy or obstruct the free navigation of such water; and the Legislature shall enact such laws as will give the most liberal construction to this provision, so that access to the navigable waters of this State shall be always attainable for the people thereof.
- ^ "California Government Code Section 670". California Legislative Information. State of California.
The State is the owner of all land below tide water, and below ordinary high-water mark, bordering upon tide water within the State; of all land below the water of a navigable lake or stream; of all property lawfully appropriated by it to its own use; of all property dedicated to the State; and of all property of which there is no other owner.
- Illinois Central Railroad v. Illinois, 146 US 387 (Supreme Court of the United States1892).
- ^ "Calendar Item 72" (PDF). Slc.ca.gov. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
- ^ California ex rel. State Lands Com'n v. United States, 457 US 273 (Supreme Court of the United States June 18, 1982) ("Under California law where an accretion is caused by construction of artificial works on water, boundary does not move but becomes fixed at ordinary high-water mark at time artificial influence is introduced.").
- Court of Appeals of CaliforniaApril 17, 1944) ("Where title is deraigned from the United States, the question as to the extent of the grant is to be governed by federal and not by state law; but where title is deraigned from a federal patent confirming a Mexican grant, the extent of the right gained under the patent is to be determined by state and not by federal law.—The California rule is that in a controversy between the state or its grantees and the upland owner, artificial accretions belong to the state or its grantees as the owner of the tidelands.—that is, by the works of man, such as wharves, groins, piers, etc., and by the dumping of material into the ocean—belong to the state or its grantees, and do not belong to the upland owner.").
- ^ a b "Cal. Civ. Code § 1007—Title by prescription; adverse possession; exemption of public property".
no possession by any person, firm or corporation no matter how long continued of any land, water, water right, easement, or other property whatsoever dedicated to a public use by a public utility, or dedicated to or owned by the state or any public entity, shall ever ripen into any title, interest or right against the owner thereof.
- ^ "Lake Tahoe Beach Weddings".
see satellite images
- ^ "Cal.Civ.Code § 801(a)". State of California.
The following land burdens, or servitudes upon land, may be attached to other land as incidents or appurtenances, and are then called easements: The right-of-way
- ^ "Cal.Code.Civ.Proc. § 321". State of California.
the person establishing a legal title to the property is presumed to have been possessed thereof within the time required by law, and the occupation of the property by any other person is deemed to have been under and in subordination to the legal title, unless it appear that the property has been held and possessed adversely to such legal title, for five years before the commencement of the action.
- ^ "Cal.Code.Civ.Proc. § 318". State of California.
No action for the recovery of real property, or for the recovery of the possession thereof, can be maintained, unless it appear that the plaintiff, his ancestor, predecessor, or grantor, was seized or possessed of the property in question, within five years before the commencement of the action.
- ^ "Cal.Civ.Code § 806". State of California.
The extent of a servitude is determined by the terms of the grant, or the nature of the enjoyment by which it was acquired.
- Court of Appeals of California2011) ("To establish a prescriptive easement, a claimant must prove use of the property, for the statutory period of five years, which has been: (1) open and notorious; (2) continuous and uninterrupted; (3) hostile to the true owner; and (4) under a claim of right.").
- ^ "Cal.Penal.Code § 370". State of California.
Anything which is...an obstruction to the free use of property, so as to interfere with the comfortable enjoyment of life or property by an entire community or neighborhood, or by any considerable number of persons, or unlawfully obstructs the free passage or use, in the customary manner, of any navigable lake, or river, bay, stream, canal, or basin, or any public park, square, street, or highway, is a public nuisance.
- ^ "Cal.Penal.Code § 372". State of California.
Every person who maintains or commits any public nuisance, the punishment for which is not otherwise prescribed, or who willfully omits to perform any legal duty relating to the removal of a public nuisance, is guilty of a misdemeanor.
- ^ "A LEGAL GUIDE TO THE PUBLIC'S RIGHTS TO ACCESS AND USE CALIFORNIA'S NAVIGABLE WATERS" (PDF). Slc.ca.gov. State of California. Retrieved May 5, 2023.
- ^ "Cal.Penal.Code § 420". State of California.
Every person...who unlawfully hinders, prevents, or obstructs free passage over or through the public lands of the United States within the State of California, for the purpose of entry...is guilty of a misdemeanor.
- ^ "US CONST ART X" (PDF).
Commandeering Tenth Amendment prohibits the federal government from forcing states to pass or not pass certain legislation, or to enforce federal law.
- ^ a b Robinson, Mark (March 8, 2014). "Fact Checker: Are all Tahoe beaches public?". Reno Gazette Journal. Retrieved July 5, 2018.
The land above the high-water mark is private property with no public access in California and Nevada
- ^ "USGS 10337000 LAKE TAHOE A TAHOE CITY CA". USGS Water Resources. U.S. Geological Survey.
Maximum legal limit...6,229.1; Natural rim of lake...6,223; Gage Datum...6,220
- ^ a b Hoffman, Ryan (February 28, 2019). "Pier review: Tahoe Regional Planning Agency board overturns decision on Zephyr Cove pier". Tahoe Daily Tribune.
Pohl also argued the structure failed to extend beyond the high-water mark, as required under TRPA's definition of a pier. He pointed to "photographic evidence" showing that even at full capacity, Tahoe's waters did not extend underneath the structure....Topographical surveys that are part of the property's record show the structure stretches beyond the high-water mark.
- ^ a b "U.S. Constitution, Article VI". United States of America.
This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be made in pursuance thereof; and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land; and the judges in every state shall be bound thereby, anything in the Constitution or laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding.
- ^ "28 U.S. Code § 1331. Federal question". United States.
The district courts shall have original jurisdiction of all civil actions arising under the Constitution, laws, or treaties of the United States.
- ^ "42 U.S. Code § 1983 - Civil action for deprivation of rights". United States.
Every person who, under color of any statute, ordinance, regulation, custom, or usage, of any State or Territory or the District of Columbia, subjects, or causes to be subjected, any citizen of the United States or other person within the jurisdiction thereof to the deprivation of any rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution and laws, shall be liable to the party injured in an action at law, suit in equity, or other proper proceeding for redress, except that in any action brought against a judicial officer for an act or omission taken in such officer's judicial capacity, injunctive relief shall not be granted unless a declaratory decree was violated or declaratory relief was unavailable.
- ^ "18 U.S. Code § 242 - Deprivation of rights under color of law". United States.
Whoever, under color of any law, statute, ordinance, regulation, or custom, willfully subjects any person in any State, Territory, Commonwealth, Possession, or District to the deprivation of any rights, privileges, or immunities secured or protected by the Constitution or laws of the United States, or to different punishments, pains, or penalties, on account of such person being an alien, or by reason of his color, or race, than are prescribed for the punishment of citizens, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than one year, or both;...
- ^ "18 U.S. Code § 1001 - Statements or entries generally". United States.
whoever, in any matter within the jurisdiction of the executive, legislative, or judicial branch of the Government of the United States, knowingly and willfully—(1) falsifies, conceals, or covers up by any trick, scheme, or device a material fact; (2) makes any materially false, fictitious, or fraudulent statement or representation; or (3) makes or uses any false writing or document knowing the same to contain any materially false, fictitious, or fraudulent statement or entry; shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 5 years...
- ^ "18 U.S. Code § 1519 - Obstruction of Justice". United States.
Whoever knowingly alters, destroys, mutilates, conceals, covers up, falsifies, or makes a false entry in any record, document, or tangible object with the intent to impede, obstruct, or influence the investigation or proper administration of any matter within the jurisdiction of any department or agency of the United States or any case filed under title 11, or in relation to or contemplation of any such matter or case, shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both.
- ^ Connally v. General Construction Co., 269 United States Reports 385, 391 (Supreme Court of the United States January 4, 1926) ("That the terms of a penal statute creating a new offense must be sufficiently explicit to inform those who are subject to it what conduct on their part will render them liable to its penalties is a well recognized requirement, consonant alike with ordinary notions of fair play and the settled rules of law, and a statute which either forbids or requires the doing of an act in terms so vague that men of common intelligence must necessarily guess at its meaning and differ as to its application violates the first essential of due process of law.").
- ^ "State Lands Portfolio Executive Summary" (PDF). State of Nevada.
Upon statehood, Nevada received title to all sovereign lands which are submerged beneath navigable bodies of water which at present include Lake Tahoe...
- ^ "State Land Office: Sovereign Lands". State of Nevada.
Upon statehood in 1864, title to the bed and banks of navigable water bodies passed from the federal government to the new state. It's important to note that there are currently a limited number of sovereign lands that the state claims; not all of Nevada's lakes and rivers are considered state owned. Here's a list of state owned sovereign lands:...Lake Tahoe, Truckee River...The state owns the bed and banks of these bodies of water, generally to the ordinary and permanent high water mark.
- ^ "NRS 202.450". State of Nevada.
it is a public nuisance for any person:...By force, threat or intimidation, or by fencing or otherwise enclosing, or by any other unlawful means, to prevent or obstruct the free passage or transit over or through any:...State land or other public land; or...Land dedicated to public use; or...To knowingly misrepresent the status of or assert any right to the exclusive use and occupancy of...state land or other public land or land dedicated to public use, if the person has no leasehold interest, claim or color of title, made or asserted in good faith, in or to the...state land or other public land or land dedicated to public use
- ^ "NRS 202.470". State of Nevada.
Every person who:...Shall commit or maintain a public nuisance, for which no special punishment is prescribed; or...Shall willfully omit or refuse to perform any legal duty relating to the removal of such nuisance; or...Shall let, or permit to be used, any building or boat, or portion thereof, knowing that it is intended to be, or is being used, for committing or maintaining any such nuisance, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.
- ^ "Tahoe Regional Planning Agency — TRPA|A Voice for Lake Tahoe". Trpa.gov. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
- ^ "Friends of Lake Tahoe". Friendsoflaketahoe.org. Archived from the original on December 17, 2010. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "Pony Express Stations Across the American West". Legends of America. Retrieved July 5, 2018.
- ^ "Average Lake Tahoe Secchi Depth" (PDF). Tahoe Environmental Research Center (TERC). University of California, Davis. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
- ^ Lahontan Regional Water Quality Board. "Lake Tahoe Basin Characterization & Assessment of Exemplary Programs for Water Quality Crediting and Trading Feasibility Analysis" (PDF). Water Quality Crediting and Trading Feasibility Study. Kieser and Associates. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 26, 2012. Retrieved December 6, 2011.
- S2CID 37395769.
- ^ "Lake Tahoe Total Maximum Daily Load Report" (PDF). California Regional Water Quality Control Board, Lahontan Region. 2010.
- S2CID 140172942. Archived from the originalon January 20, 2012.
- ^ "Tahoe: State of the Lake Report" (PDF). UC Davis Tahoe Environmental Research Center. 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 8, 2011.
- ^ "Lake Tahoe's clarity shows gains for a second year". Archived from the original on March 6, 2013.
- ^ DeLong, Jeff. "Drought helps boost Lake Tahoe's clarity". Reno Gazette Journal. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
- ^ Cripps, Colleen (August 3, 2011). "Lake Tahoe Total Maximum Daily Load for Fine Sediment Particles, Nitrogen and Phosphorus" (PDF). Nevada Department of Conservations and Natural Resources. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 24, 2015.
- ^ "Final EPA Approved Lake Tahoe TMDL Report". Nevada Bureau of Water Quality Planning. Archived from the original on September 16, 2011.
- . Retrieved November 11, 2021. Listed as Critically Endangered (CR B1+2b v2.3)
- ^ "Lake Tahoe Facts". Heavenly Mountain Resort. Archived from the original on January 6, 2011. Retrieved October 3, 2010.
- .
- ^ Sahagun, Louis (September 7, 2019). "Will Lake Tahoe's invasive shrimp become the next mass-market health supplement?". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 8, 2019.
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- ^ Laila Kearney. Goldfish influx threatens to cloud pristine Lake Tahoe waters. Reuters February 22, 2013.
- ^ Carl T. Hall (June 26, 2007). "Raging Tahoe Fire's Roots: 150 Years of Mismanagement". San Francisco Chronicle. p. A-1.
- ^ "Construction Monitoring". Tahoe Regional Planning Agency. Archived from the original on July 16, 2011.
- ^ Tahoe-Sierra Preservation Council, Inc. v. Tahoe Regional Planning Agency, 535 U.S. 302 (Supreme Court of the United States 2002).
- ^ "About TLOA". Tahoe Lakefront Homeowners Association. Archived from the original on April 26, 2012. Retrieved December 6, 2011.
- ^ a b "History of The League to Save Lake Tahoe". Keep Tahoe Blue. Retrieved September 25, 2008.
- ^ Sahagun, Louis (August 26, 2019). "Microplastics are found in Lake Tahoe's waters for first time ever". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
- S2CID 259835082.
- ^ Spencer, Cari (July 14, 2023). "Lake Tahoe has higher concentration of microplastics than ocean trash heap". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 29, 2023.
- ^ Thomas, Gregory (July 12, 2023). "Lake Tahoe has alarmingly high concentrations of microplastics, study finds". The San Francisco Chronicle.
- ^ Staff; Dailey, Scott (August 23, 2022). "Peninsula residents use high-tech 'gripper' to snatch junk from bottom of Lake Tahoe". Climate Online. Retrieved January 18, 2024.
- ^ "Tahoe Environmental Research Center". Tahoe.ucdavis.edu. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
- ^ Lovato, Kimberley (September 6, 2023). "Tourism: The monster that feeds and eats away at Lake Tahoe". CNN. Retrieved September 6, 2023.
- ^ "North America's Top 10 Terrain Parks". SnowBrains. January 20, 2017. Retrieved March 28, 2022.
- ^ "NHL Lake Tahoe event bringing hockey to 'the middle of the wilderness'". Nhl.com. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
- ^ "Getting on the Water in Tahoe". Mile High Fishing Charters. June 6, 2019. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
- Sierra Sun. Archived from the originalon December 7, 2008. Retrieved October 26, 2008.
- PMID 7580768. Archived from the original on August 11, 2011. Retrieved March 11, 2009.)
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link - ^ "Altitude Diving". Archived from the original on December 6, 2008. Retrieved October 26, 2008.
- ^ "First person to swim length of Lake Tahoe reflects back on 1955 feat". Tahoe Daily Tribune. Retrieved September 17, 2014.
- ^ "First woman to swim the length of Lake Tahoe recalls 1962 adventure". Carson Now. Carson City Nevada News. Retrieved September 17, 2014.
- ^ Lovaas, Jennifer (October 9, 2019). "Tahoe on Two Wheels". Tahoe South.
- ISBN 9781439211991.
- TVLand. Viacom International Inc. Retrieved October 31, 2008.
- ^ "Ponderosa Ranch". TV Acres. Archived from the original on September 13, 2012. Retrieved November 15, 2011.
- ^ "Bonanza – Ponderosa Ranch". GoCalifornia.about.com. September 27, 2004. Archived from the original on July 1, 2016. Retrieved November 15, 2011.
- ^ "Fleur de Lac Estates". Fleur du Lac Estates Home Owners Association. Retrieved May 8, 2012.
- ^ "'Last Weekend' revives 1951 film site". San Francisco Chronicle. December 3, 2012. Retrieved June 1, 2014.
- ISBN 978-0809243266.
- ^ "Lake Tahoe". Kate Bush Encyclopedia. August 17, 2017. Retrieved October 19, 2022.
Further reading
- Becker, Andrew. "The naming of Tahoe's mountains". Tahoe.com. Archived from the original on April 2, 2010. Retrieved November 1, 2008.
- Byron, Earl R.; Charles R. Goldman (January 1, 1989). "Land-Use and Water Quality in Tributary Streams of Lake Tahoe, California-Nevada". Journal of Environmental Quality. 18 (1): 84–88. .
- Chang, C. C. Y.; J. S. Kuwabara; S. P. Pasilis (1992). "Phosphate and iron limitation of phytoplankton biomass in Lake Tahoe". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 49 (6): 1206–15. doi:10.1139/f92-136.
- Coats, R. N.; Goldman, C. R. (2001). "Patterns of nitrogen transport in streams of the Lake Tahoe basin, California-Nevada". Water Resour. Res. 37 (2): 405–15. S2CID 43088599.
- Coats, R. N., J. Perez-Losada, G. Schladow, R. Richards and C. R. Goldman. 2006. The Warming of Lake Tahoe. Climatic Change (In Press).
- Crippen, J. R., and B. R. Pavelka. 1970. The Lake Tahoe basin, California-Nevada U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1972.
- Gardner, James V.; Larry A. Mayer; John Hughes-Clarke (January 16, 2003). "The bathymetry of Lake Tahoe, California-Nevada". Open-File Report 98-509. U.S. Geological Survey. . Retrieved November 1, 2008.
- Goldman, C. R.; Jassby, A.; Powell, T. (1989). "Interannual fluctuations in primary production: meteorological forcing at two subalpine lakes". Limnol. Oceanogr. 34 (2): 310–23. S2CID 1812168.
- Goldman, C. R.; Jassby, A. D.; Hackley, S. H. (1993). "Decadal, interannual, and seasonal variability in enrichment bioassays at Lake Tahoe, California-Nevada, USA". Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 50 (7): 1489–96. doi:10.1139/f93-170.
- Hatch, L. K.; Reuter, J. E.; Goldman, C. R. (2001). "Stream phosphorus transport in the Lake Tahoe Basin, 1989–1996". Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 69 (1): 63–83. S2CID 22155734.
- Jensen, Carol A.; North Lake Tahoe Historical Society (2012). Lake Tahoe's West Shore. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 9780738588919.
- Jassby, A. D.; Goldman, C. R.; Powell, T. M. (1992). "Trend, seasonality, cycle, and irregular fluctuations in primary productivity at Lake Tahoe, California-Nevada, USA". Hydrobiologia. 246 (3): 195–203. S2CID 43204458.
- Jassby, A. D.; Reuter, J. E.; Axler, R. P.; Goldman, C. R.; Hackley, S. H. (1994). "Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen and phosphorus in the annual nutrient load of Lake Tahoe (California-Nevada)". Water Resour. Res. 30 (7): 2207–16. .
- Jassby, A. D.; Goldman, C. R.; Reuter, J. E. (1995). "Long-term change in Lake Tahoe (California-Nevada, U.S.A.) and its relation to atmospheric deposition of algal nutrients". Arch. Hydrobiol. 135: 1–21. .
- Jassby, A. D.; Goldman, C. R.; Reuter, J. E.; Richards, R. C. (1999). "Origins and scale dependence of temporal variability in the transparency of Lake Tahoe, California-Nevada". Limnol. Oceanogr. 44 (2): 282–94. S2CID 18427777.
- Jassby, A.; Reuter, J.; Goldman, C. R. (2003). "Determining long-term water -quality change in the presence of climate variability: Lake Tahoe (U.S.A.)". Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 60 (12): 1452–61. doi:10.1139/f03-127.
- Leonard, R. L.; Kaplan, L. A.; Elder, J. F.; Coats, R. N.; Goldman, C. R. (1979). "Nutrient Transport in Surface Runoff from a Subalpine Watershed, Lake Tahoe Basin, California". Ecological Monographs. 49 (3): 281–310. JSTOR 1942486.
- Nagy, M., 2003. Lake Tahoe Basin Framework Study Groundwater Evaluation Lake Tahoe Basin, California and Nevada. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Sacramento, CA.
- Naslas, G. D.; Miller, W. W.; Blank, R. R.; Gifford, G. F. (1994). "Sediment, nitrate, and ammonium in surface runoff from two Tahoe basin soil types". Water Resour. Bull. 30 (3): 409–17. .
- Richards, R. C.; Goldman, C. R.; Byron, E.; Levitan, C. (1991). "The mysids and lake trout of Lake Tahoe: A 25-year history of changes in the fertility, plankton, and fishery of an alpine lake". Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. 9: 30–38.
- Sahoo, G. B., S. G. Schladow and J. E. Reuter, 2010. Effect of sediment and nutrient loading on Lake Tahoe optical conditions and restoration opportunities using a newly developed lake clarity model
- Schuster, S.; Grismer, M. E. (2004). "Evaluation of water quality projects in the Lake Tahoe Basin". Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 90 (1–3): 225–42. S2CID 23273050.
- Scott, E. B. 1957. The Saga of Lake Tahoe. Early Lore and History of the Lake Tahoe Basin
External links
- Media from Commons
- Travel information from Wikivoyage
- Lake Tahoe Data Clearinghouse – USGS/Western Geographic Science Center
- US EPA's Lake Tahoe webpage
- Truckee River Watershed Council
- Tahoe Institute for Natural Science
- Lake Tahoe remote Meteorological Data Sites
- Lake Tahoe Watershed- California Rivers Assessment database
- Lake Tahoe Resource Archived September 5, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, University of Nevada, Reno Libraries
- Images of Lake Tahoe, University of Nevada, Reno Libraries
- UC Davis Tahoe Environmental Research Center
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