List of birds of Samoa
This is a list of the bird species recorded in Samoa. The avifauna of
This list's taxonomic treatment (designation and sequence of orders, families and species) and nomenclature (common and scientific names) follow the conventions of The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World, 2022 edition. The family accounts at the beginning of each heading reflect this taxonomy, as do the species counts found in each family account. Introduced and accidental species are included in the total counts for Samoa.
The following tags have been used to highlight several categories. Not all species fall into one of these categories. Those that do not are commonly occurring native species.
- (A) Accidental - a species that rarely or accidentally occurs in Samoa
- (E) Endemic- a species endemic to Samoa
- (I) Introduced - a species introduced to Samoa as a consequence, direct or indirect, of human actions
Ducks, geese, and waterfowl (toloa)
Order: Anseriformes Family: Anatidae
Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an oily coating.
- Pacific black duck, Anas superciliosa (toloa)
Pheasants, grouse, and allies (moa)
Order: Galliformes Family: Phasianidae
The Phasianidae are a family of terrestrial birds which consists of
- Red junglefowl, Gallus gallus (I) (moavao)
Pigeons and doves
Order:
- Rock pigeon, Columba livia (I) (lupe palagi, "foreign pigeon")
- Metallic pigeon, Columba vitiensis (fiaui)
- Shy ground dove, Alopecoenas stairi (tu'aimeo, tiotala)
- Tooth-billed pigeon, Didunculus strigirostris (E) (manumea)
- Many-colored fruit-dove, Ptilinopus perousii (manuma, manulua)
- Crimson-crowned fruit-dove, Ptilinopus porphyraceus (manutagi, manufili)
- Pacific imperial-pigeon, Ducula pacifica (lupe)
Cuckoos
Order:
The family Cuculidae includes
- Long-tailed koel, Urodynamis taitensis (aleva)
Swifts
Order:
Swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang.
- White-rumped swiftlet, Aerodramus spodiopygius (pe'ape'a)
- Australian swiftlet, Aerodramus terraereginae
Rails (ve'a), gallinules (manuali'i), and coots
Order:
Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the
- Buff-banded rail, Gallirallus philippensis (ve'a)
- Samoan moorhen, Gallinula pacifica (E) (Puna'e)
- Australasian swamphen, Porphyrio melanotus (manuali'i, manusa)
- White-browed crake, Poliolimnas cinereus (vai)
- Spotless crake, Zapornia tabuensis
Plovers and lapwings (tuli)
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Charadriidae
The family Charadriidae includes the
- Black-bellied plover, Pluvialis squatarola (A)
- Pacific golden-plover, Pluvialis fulva
- Semipalmated plover, Charadrius semipalmatus (A)
Sandpipers and allies (tuli)
Order:
Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enables multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food.
- Bristle-thighed curlew, Numenius tahitiensis (tuli)
- Whimbrel, Numenius phaeopus (tuli)
- Far Eastern curlew, Numenius madagascariensis (A)
- Bar-tailed godwit, Limosa lapponica (tuli)
- Ruddy turnstone, Arenaria interpres (tuli)
- Red knot, Calidris canutus (A) (tuli)
- Sharp-tailed sandpiper, Calidris acuminata (A) (tuli)
- Red-necked stint, Calidris ruficollis (A) (tuli)
- Sanderling, Calidris alba (A) (tuli)
- Pectoral sandpiper, Calidris melanotos (A) (tuli)
- Long-billed dowitcher, Limnodromus scolopaceus (A) (tuli)
- Common sandpiper, Actitis hypoleucos (A) (tuli)
- Gray-tailed tattler, Tringa brevipes (A)
- Wandering tattler, Tringa incana (tuli, alomalala)
- Wood sandpiper, Tringa glareola (A) (tuli)
Skuas and jaegers
Order:
The family Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with grey or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants.
- South polar skua, Stercorarius maccormicki (A)
- Brown skua, Stercorarius antarcticus (A)
- Pomarine jaeger, Stercorarius pomarinus (A)
Gulls, terns, and skimmers
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Laridae
Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds, the
- Laughing gull, Leucophaeus atricilla (A)
- Brown noddy, Anous stolidus (gogo)
- Black noddy, Anous minutus
- Blue-gray noddy, Anous ceruleus (A) (laia)
- White tern, Gygis alba (manusina, gogosina)
- Sooty tern, Onychoprion fuscatus (A) (gogouli)
- Gray-backed tern, Onychoprion lunatus
- Bridled tern, Onychoprion anaethetus
- Little tern, Sternula albifrons (A)
- Roseate tern, Sterna dougallii (A)
- Black-naped tern, Sterna sumatrana (gogosina)
- Common tern, Sterna hirundo (A)
- Great crested tern, Thalasseus bergii
Tropicbirds (tava'e)
Order:
Tropicbirds are slender white birds of tropical oceans, with exceptionally long central tail feathers. Their heads and long wings have black markings.
- White-tailed tropicbird, Phaethon lepturus (tava'e sina)
- Red-tailed tropicbird, Phaethon rubricauda (A) (tava'e 'ula)
Southern storm-petrels (ta'i'o)
Order:
The southern storm-petrels are relatives of the petrels and are the smallest seabirds. They feed on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like.
- Black-bellied storm-petrel, Fregetta tropica (A)
- Polynesian storm-petrel, Nesofregetta fuliginosa
Shearwaters and petrels (ta'i'o)
Order: Procellariiformes Family: Procellariidae
The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterised by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary.
- Herald petrel, Pterodroma heraldica (A)
- Mottled petrel, Pterodroma inexpectata (ta'i'o)
- White-necked petrel, Pterodroma cervicalis (A)
- Black-winged petrel, Pterodroma nigripennis (A)
- Gould's petrel, Pterodroma leucoptera (A)
- Collared petrel, Pterodroma brevipes (A)
- Stejneger's petrel, Pterodroma longirostris (A)
- Flesh-footed shearwater, Ardenna carneipes (A)
- Wedge-tailed shearwater, Ardenna pacifica
- Buller's shearwater, Ardenna bulleri (A)
- Sooty shearwater, Ardenna grisea
- Short-tailed shearwater, Ardenna tenuirostris
- Newell's shearwater, Puffinus newelli (A)
- Tropical shearwater, Puffinus bailloni (ta'i'o)
Frigatebirds (atafa)
Order:
Frigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black-and-white or completely black, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have coloured inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week.
- Lesser frigatebird, Fregata ariel (A) (atafa)
- Great frigatebird, Fregata minor (atafa)
Boobies and gannets (fua'o)
Order: Suliformes Family: Sulidae
The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups are medium to large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish.
- Masked booby, Sula dactylatra (fua'o)
- Brown booby, Sula leucogaster (fua'o)
- Red-footed booby, Sula sula (fua'o)
Herons, egrets, and bitterns (matu'u)
Order:
The family Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons, and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises and spoonbills.
- White-faced heron, Egretta novaehollandiae (A)
- Pacific reef-heron, Egretta sacra (matu'u)
Barn-owls
Order:
Barn-owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons.
- Barn owl, Tyto alba (lulu)
Kingfishers
Order:
Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs and stubby tails.
- Pacific kingfisher, Todiramphus sacer (A)
- Flat-billed kingfisher, Todiramphus recurvirostris (E) (ti'otala)
- Collared kingfisher, Todiramphus chloris (A)
Falcons and caracaras
Order: Falconiformes Family: Falconidae
Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons.
- Peregrine falcon, Falco peregrinus
Old World parrots
Order:
Characteristic features of parrots include a strong curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed
- Blue-crowned lorikeet, Vini australis (sega, sega'ula, segavao)
Honeyeaters
Order:
The honeyeaters are a large and diverse family of small to medium-sized birds most common in Australia and New Guinea. They are nectar feeders and closely resemble other nectar-feeding passerines.
- Samoan myzomela, Myzomela nigriventris (E) (segasegamau'u)
- Mao, Gymnomyza samoensis (E) (ma'oma'o)
- Eastern wattled-honeyeater, Foulehaio carunculatus (iao)
Cuckooshrikes
Order:
The cuckooshrikes are small to medium-sized passerine birds. They are predominantly greyish with white and black, although some species are brightly coloured.
- Polynesian triller, Lalage maculosa (miti)
- Samoan triller, Lalage sharpei (E) (mititae)
Whistlers and allies
Order:
The family Pachycephalidae includes the whistlers, shrikethrushes, and some of the pitohuis.
- Samoan whistler, Pachycephala flavifrons (E) (vasavasa)
Fantails
Order:
The fantails are small insectivorous birds which are specialist aerial feeders.
- Samoan fantail, Rhipidura nebulosa (E) (sau)
Monarch flycatchers
Order:
The monarch flycatchers are small to medium-sized insectivorous passerines which hunt by flycatching.
- Samoan flycatcher, Myiagra albiventris (E) (tolai'ula, tolaifatu)
Australasian robins
Order:
Most species of Petroicidae have a stocky build with a large rounded head, a short straight bill and rounded wingtips. They occupy a wide range of wooded habitats, from subalpine to tropical rainforest and
- Pacific robin, Petroica pusilla (tolai'ula)
Swallows
Order:
The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base.
- Pacific swallow, Hirundo tahitica (A)
Bulbuls
Order:
Bulbuls are medium-sized songbirds. Some are colourful with yellow, red or orange vents, cheeks, throats or supercilia, but most are drab, with uniform olive-brown to black plumage. Some species have distinct crests.
- Red-vented bulbul, Pycnonotus cafer (I) (manu palagi, "foreign bird")
White-eyes, yuhinas, and allies
Order:
The white-eyes are small and mostly undistinguished, their plumage above being generally some dull colour like greenish-olive, but some species have a white or bright yellow throat, breast or lower parts, and several have buff flanks. As their name suggests, many species have a white ring around each eye.
- Samoan white-eye, Zosterops samoensis (E) (matapapa'e)
Starlings
Order:
Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds. Their flight is strong and direct and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country. They eat insects and fruit. Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen.
- Polynesian starling, Aplonis tabuensis (miti, mitivao)
- Samoan starling, Aplonis atrifusca (E) (fuia)
- Common myna, Acridotheres tristis (I)
- Jungle myna, Acridotheres fuscus (I)
Thrushes and allies
Order:
The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.
- Island thrush, Turdus poliocephalus (tutumalili)
Waxbills and allies
Order:
The
- Red-headed parrotfinch, Erythrura cyaneovirens (manu'ai)
See also
- List of birds
- Lists of birds by region
- List of protected areas of Samoa
- Central Savai'i Rainforest, biodiversity area in Samoa; largest continuous patch of rainforest in Polynesia.
- Fagaloa Bay – Uafato Tiavea Conservation Zone
- Tafua Rainforest Preserve
- Falealupo, rainforest conversation area
- Aleipata Islands, conservation area.
- Samoan plant names
References
- Lepage, Denis. "Checklist of Birds of Samoa". Bird Checklists of the World. Avibase. Retrieved 30 April 2020.
- Clements, James F. (2000). Birds of the World: A Checklist. Cornell University Press. p. 880. ISBN 0-934797-16-1.