List of the prehistoric life of Maryland
This list of the prehistoric life of Maryland contains the various prehistoric life-forms whose fossilized remains have been reported from within the US state of Maryland.
Precambrian
The Paleobiology Database records no known occurrences of Precambrian fossils in Maryland.
Paleozoic
Selected Paleozoic taxa of Maryland
- †Amphiscapha
- †Amplexopora
- †Archimylacris
- †Atrypa
- †Atrypa reticularis– report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
- †
- †Aviculopecten
- †Bassipterus
- †Bellerophon
Fossil of the Early Ordovician-Early Devonian trilobite Calymene - †Calymene camerata
- †Calymene cresapensis
- †Calymene niagarensis – or unidentified comparable form
- †
- †Camarotoechia
- †Camarotoechia andrewsi
- †Camarotoechia litchfieldensis
- †Camarotoechia tonolowayensis
- †
- †Chonetes
- †Chonetes novascoticus
- †
- †Cincinnetina
- †Cincinnetina multisecta
- †
- †Clitendoceras
- †Composita
- †Composita ovata– tentative report
- †
- †Cornulites
- †Cypricardinia
- †Cypricardinia elegans
- †
- †Dakeoceras
Fossil of the Late Ordovician-Middle Devonian trilobite Dalmanites - †Dalmanites limulurus
- †
- †Dolichopterus
- †Edmondia
- †Eldredgeops
- †Ellesmeroceras
- †Encrinurus
- †Eospirifer
- †Erettopterus – tentative report
- †Euomphalus
- †Eurypterus
- †Eurypterus remipes
- †
- †Favosites
- †Favosites niagarensis– or unidentified comparable form
- †
- †Flexicalymene
- †Goniatites
- †Gyrodoma
- †Hallopora
- †Holopea
- †Hyolithes
- †Isotelus
- †Lingula
- Lysorophus
- †Mcqueenoceras
- †Megamolgophis
- †Meristina
- †Metacoceras
- †Naticopsis
- †Neospirifer
- †Neospirifer dunbari– tentative report
- †
- †Obolella
- †Obolus– tentative report
- †Olenellus
- †Ormoceras
- †Orthoceras
- †Platyceras
- †Proterocameroceras
Life restoration of the Silurian-Middle Devonian eurypterid ("sea scorpion") Pterygotus - †Ribeiria
- †Rioceras
- Solemya
- † Solenopsis
- †Sowerbyella
- †Spirifer
- †Spirifer vanuxemi
- †
- †Stenosiphon
- †Strophomena
- †Tainoceras
Assemblage of fossilized shells of the Early Ordovician-Late Devonian probable mollusc Tentaculites - †Trigonocera
- †Trimerus
- †Waeringopterus
- †Worthenia
Mesozoic
Selected Mesozoic taxa of Maryland
- Acirsa
Life restoration of the Early Cretaceous theropod dinosaur Acrocanthosaurus - †Acteon
- †Aenona
- †Agerostrea
- †Allognathosuchus – or unidentified comparable form
- †Allosaurus
- †Amyda
- †Ancilla
- †Anomia
- †Anomoeodus
- Arrhoges
- Astarte
Life restoration of the Early Cretaceous sauropod dinosaur Astrodon - †Astrodon johnstoni– type locality for species
- †
- †Baculites
- †Baculites baculus
- †
- †Bottosaurus
- †Bottosaurus harlani
- †
- Botula
- †Botula conchafodentis
- †Botula ripleyana
- †
- Cadulus
- Caestocorbula
- †Caestocorbula crassaplica
- †Caestocorbula crassiplica
- †Caestocorbula percompressa
- †Caestocorbula terramaria
- †
- Carcharias
- †Caveola
- Ceratodus
- Cerithium
- Chiloscyllium
- †Cimoliasaurus
- †Coelosaurus
- †Coelosaurus affinis
- †Coelosaurus antiquus
- †
- †Coelurus
- †Coelurus gracilis– type locality for species
- †
- †Corax
- Corbula
- †Crenella
- †Crenella elegantula
- †Crenella serica
- †
- Cretolamna
- †Cretolamna appendiculata
- †
- Cucullaea
- †Cucullaea capax
- †
- Cuspidaria
- †Cuspidaria ampulla
- †
- Cylichna
- †Cylichna diversilirata
- †Cylichna incisa
- †
- †Cylindracanthus
- †Cymella
- Dasyatis
Life restoration of the Early Cretaceous dromaeosaur ("raptor") Deinonychus - †Deinonychus antirrhopus
- †
- †Deinosuchus
- †Deinosuchus rugosus
- †
- †Dentalium
- †Dentalium leve
- †
- †Discoscaphites
- †Discoscaphites conradi
- †Discoscaphites gulosus
- †Discoscaphites iris
- †
- †Egertonia
- †Enchodus
- †Enchodus dirus
- †
- †Eulima
- †Eulima monmouthensis
- †
- †Euspira
Illustration in multiple views of a fossilized shell of the Late Jurassic-Miocene nautiloid cephalopod Eutrephoceras - †Ewingia
- †Exogyra
- †Exogyra costata
- †
- Galeorhinus
- Ginglymostoma
- Glossus
- Glycimeris
- Glycymeris
- †Glycymeris rotundata
- †
- †Glyptops
- †Goniopholis
Fossil negative with skin impressions of the theropod dinosaur footprint ichnogenus Grallator - †Halisaurus
- †Halisaurus platyspondylus
- †
- †Hamatia– type locality for genus
- †Hamulus
- Heterodontus
- † Heteromorpha
- †Hoploparia
- †Hybodus
- †Hyposaurus
- †Hyposaurus rogersii
- †
- †Inoceramus
- †Ischyodus
- †Ischyrhiza
- †Ischyrhiza avonicola– or unidentified comparable form
- †Ischyrhiza mira
- †
Fossilized shell of the Late Cretaceous ammonoid cephalopod Jeletzkytes - †Jeletzkytes nebrascensis
- †
- Latiaxis
- Lepisosteus
- Lima
- Limatula
- †Linearis
- Lithophaga
- Lopha
- †Lopha falcata
- †Lopha mesenterica
- †
- †Mathilda
- †Modiolus
- †Modiolus sedesclaris
- †Modiolus sedesclarus
- †Modiolus trigonus
- †
- †Morea
Life restoration of two of the Late Cretaceous Mosasaurus - †Mosasaurus conodon
- †
- Myliobatis
- †Mytilus– tentative report
- Nebrius
- Nucula
- †Nucula camia
- †Nucula cuneifrons
- †Nucula percrassa
- †Nucula severnensis
- †
A living Odontaspis sand shark - †Osteopygis
- Panopea
- †Paralbula
- †Peritresius
- Pholas
- †Pinna
- †Placenticeras
- †Pleurocoelus– type locality for genus
- †Pleurocoelus nanus– type locality for species
- †
- †Plicatoscyllium
- Polinices
Illustration of a fossilized tooth in multiple views of the Early Cretaceous armored dinosaur Priconodon - †Priconodon crassus– type locality for species
- †
- †Prognathodon
- †Prognathodon rapax
- †
- †Propanoplosaurus – type locality for genus
- †Propanoplosaurus marylandicus– type locality for species
- †
- †Protocardia
- †Pteria
- †Pterotrigonia
- †Pterotrigonia eufalensis
- †Pterotrigonia eufaulensis
- †Pterotrigonia thoracica
- †
- †Ptychotrygon
- Pycnodonte
- †Pycnodonte vesicularis
- †
- Raja
- Rhinobatos
Restoration of the Late Cretaceous-Paleocene ray Rhombodus - Ringicula
- †Ringicula clarki
- †Ringicula pulchella
- †
- Rissoina
- †Sargana
- †Scaphites
- †Scaphites hippocrepis
- †
- Serpula
- †Serratolamna
- †Serratolamna serrata
- †
- †Sphenodiscus
- †Sphenodiscus lobatus
- †Sphenodiscus pleurisepta
- †
Life restoration of the Late Cretaceous shark Squalicorax - †Squalicorax falcatus
- †Squalicorax kaupi
- †Squalicorax pristodontus
- †
- Squatina
- †Stephanodus
- Tellina
- †Tenea
Life restoration of the Early Cretaceous Iguanodon relative Tenontosaurus - †Thoracosaurus
- Trachycardium
- †Trachycardium eufaulensis
- †
- Turritella
- †Turritella bilira
- †Turritella hilgardi
- †Turritella paravertebroides
- †Turritella tippana
- †Turritella trilira
- †Turritella vertebroides
- †Zephyrosaurus
- †
Cenozoic
Selected Cenozoic taxa of Maryland
- †Abra– tentative report
- Acipenser
- Acropora
- †Acropora palmata
- †
- Acteocina
- Acteon
- †Adocus
Life restoration of the Miocene camel Aepycamelus, or the long-necked camel. Heinrich Harder (1920). - Aetobatus
- †Aglaocetus
- Alca
- †Alca torda– or unidentified comparable form
- †
- †Ambystoma
- †Ambystoma maculatum
- †Ambystoma tigrinum
- †
- Amia
Life restoration of the Miocene-Pliocene beardog Amphicyon - Amyda
- Anachis
- Anadara
- †Anadara ovalis
- †Anadara transversa
- †
- Anas
- †Anas crecca
- †
- Ancilla – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
- Angulus
- Anomia
- Anticlimax – tentative report
- †Aphelops – tentative report
- Aporrhais
- Aquila
- †Aquila chrysaetos
- †
- †Araeodelphis – type locality for genus
- Arca
- †Archaeohippus
- Architectonica
- †Arctodus
- Argopecten
- †Armatobalanus
Shell of a modern Astarte bivalve - Asterias
- †Asterias forbesi – or unidentified comparable form
- Astrangia
- †Astrangia danae
- †
- †Astroscopus – type locality for species
- †Astroscopus countermani – type locality for species
- Astyris
- Athleta
- Atrina
Life restoration of the Miocene sperm whale Aulophyseter - Balaenoptera
- Balanus
- Bankia
- Barnea
- Blarina
- †Blarina brevicauda
- †Blarina carolinensis
- †
- Bonasa
- Bonasa umbellus
- Boreotrophon
- Brachidontes
- †Brachyprotoma
- †Brachyprotoma obtusata
- †
- †Brevoortia
- †Brevoortia tyrannus– or unidentified comparable form
- †
- Bufo
- †Bufo americanus
- †Bufo woodhousei
- †
- Busycon – type locality for genus
- †Busycon carica
- †
- Busycotypus
- Cadulus
- Caecum
- Callinectes
- †Callinectes ornatus
A living Callinectes sapidus, or Chesapeake blue crab
- Calliostoma
- Callista
- Calonectris
- Calyptraea
- Cancellaria
- Cancer
- Canis
- Canis armbrusteri– type locality for species
- †Canis latrans
- †Canis rufus– or unidentified comparable form
- Cantharus
- Carcharhinus
- Carcharias
- Carcharodon
- †Carcharodon hastalis
- †
- Cardita
- Carphophis
- Cassis
- Castor
- †Castor canadensis
- †
- †Cephalotropis – type locality for genus
- Cerastoderma
- Cervus
- Cetorhinus
Life restoration of the Miocene-Pliocene whale Cetotherium - Chama
- Chelone
- Chelydra
- †Chelydra serpentina
- †
- †Chesapecten
- Chlamys
- Chrysemys
- †Chrysemys picta
- †
- Circulus – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
- Cirsotrema
- Clavus
- Clementia
- Clethrionomys
- Clethrionomys gapperi– or unidentified comparable form
- Cliona
- Coluber
- Coluber constrictor
- Concavus
- Condylura
- †Condylura cristata
- †
- Conus
- Corbula
- Crassostrea
- †Crassostrea virginica
- †
- Crepidula
- Cretolamna
- †Cretolamna appendiculata
- †
- Crotalus
- †Crotalus horridus
- †
- Crucibulum
- Cryptobranchus
- Cucullaea
- Cumingia
- Cyclocardia
- Cylichna
- Cymatosyrinx
- †Cynarctus
- †Cynarctus wangi– type locality for species
- †
Multiple views of a shell of a Cypraea cowrie sea snail - Cythara
- †Cytheris
- Dasyatis
- Dentalium
- Diadophis
- †Diadophis punctatus
- †
- Diodora
- †Diorocetus – type locality for genus
- †Dipoides
- Discinisca
- †Dolicholatirus
- Dosinia
- Echinocardium
- Echinophoria – type locality for genus
- †Ecphora
Illustration of a fossilized shell of the Miocene murex sea snail Ecphora gardnerae
- †Ectopistes
- †Ectopistes migratorius
- †
- Elaphe
- †Elaphe vulpina
- †
- Electra
- Elphidium
- Ensis
- †Ensis directus
- †
- †Entobia
- †Eosuchus
- †Eosurcula – or unidentified comparable form
- Epitonium
- Eptesicus
- †Eptesicus fuscus– or unidentified comparable form
- †
- Equus
- Erethizon
- †Erethizon dorsatum
- †
Life restoration of the Pleistocene bovid Euceratherium, or the shrub ox. Robert Bruce Horsfall (1913). - †Euceratherium collinum
- †
- †Euclastes – tentative report
- Eulima
- Eumeces
- †Eumeces fasciatus– or unidentified comparable form
- †
- Eupleura
- †Eurhinodelphis
- †Eurhinodelphis longirostris
- †
- Euspira
A living Felis, or cat - †Ficopsis
- Fissurella
- †Fistulobalanus
- †Fulgar
- Galeocerdo
- †Galeocerdo aduncus
- †Galeocerdo contortus
- †
- Galeodea
- Gari
- Gastrochaena
- Gavia
- †Gavia immer
- †
Fossilized skull of the Miocene crocodile relative Gavialosuchus - Gegania
- Gemma
- †Gemma gemma
- †
- Genota – or unidentified comparable form
- Geukensia
- Gibbula – tentative report
- Glaucomys
- Globigerina
- Globigerinoides
- Glossus
- Glycimeris
- Glycymeris
- Glyptemys
- †Glyptemys muhlenbergii
- †
Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Miocene-Pleistocene elephant relative Gomphotherium - Gulo
- †Gulo gulo
- †
- Gyrinophilus
- †Gyrinophilus porphyriticus– or unidentified comparable form
- †
- †Hadrodelphis – type locality for genus
- Haminoea
- Hastula
- Haustator
- †Heliadornis – type locality for genus
- Hemipristis
- Heterodon
- †Heterodon platyrhinos– or unidentified comparable form
- †
- Hiatella
Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Miocene-Pliocene horse Hippotherium - Hyla
- †Hyla crucifer
- †
- Hyotissa
- Ictalurus
- Ilyanassa
- Ischadium
- †Ischadium recurvum
- †
- †Ischyodus
- Isognomon
- Isurus
Life restoration of the Oligocene-Miocene dolphin Kentriodon - Kuphus – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
- Kurtziella
- Lacuna
- †Lagodon
- Lamna
- Lampropeltis
- †Lampropeltis triangulum
- †
- Lasiopodomys
- Lepisosteus
- †Leptophoca – type locality for genus
- †Leptophoca lenis– type locality for species
- †
- Lepus
- †Lepus americanus
- †
- Libinia
- Lithophaga – or unidentified comparable form
- Littoraria
- Lontra
- Lontra canadensis
- †Lophocetus
- Lopholatilus
- Lucina
- Lunatia
- Lyonsia
- Macoma
- †Macoma balthica
- †
- Macrocallista
- †Macrokentriodon – type locality for genus
- †Mammut
- †Mammut americanum
- †
- †Mammuthus
- †Mammuthus columbi
- Mammuthus primigenius
- †
- Marginella
- Marmota
- †Marmota monax
- †
- Martesia
- Mathilda
- †Megalonyx
- Megaptera
- Melampus
- Melanitta
- †Melanitta deglandi
- †
- Meleagris
- Meleagris gallopavo
- Membranipora
- Menestho
- Mephitis
- †Mephitis mephitis
- †
- Mercenaria
- †Mercenaria mercenaria
- †
- Meretrix
- †Merychippus
- †Mesocetus
- †Metaxytherium
- Microtus
- †Microtus chrotorrhinus– or unidentified comparable form
- †Microtus pennsylvanicus
- †
Restoration of the Pliocene-Pleistocene Miracinonyx, or American cheetah - †Miracinonyx inexpectatus
- †
- Mitra
- Modiolus
- †Moira – tentative report
- †Monotherium
- Mulinia
- Mustela
- †Mustela vison– or unidentified comparable form
- †
- †Mya
- †Mya arenaria
- †
- Myliobatis
Fossilized skeleton of the Pliocene-Holocene peccary Mylohyus - †Mylohyus fossilis– type locality for species
- †
- Myotis
- †Myotis grisescens– or unidentified comparable form
- †
- Mytilus
- †Nanosiren – tentative report
- Napaeozapus
- †Napaeozapus insignis
- †
- Narona
- Nassa
A living Nassarius, or nassa mud snail - †Nassarius vibex
- †
- Neofiber
- Neotoma– type locality for genus
- †Neotoma floridana
- †
- Nerodia
- †Nerodia sipedon
- †
- Neverita
- Notophthalmus
- †Notophthalmus viridescens– or unidentified comparable form
- †
- Notorynchus
- Notorynchus cepedianus– type locality for species
- Novocrania
- Nucula
- Ochotona
- †Ochotona princeps– or unidentified comparable form
- †
- Odocoileus
- †Odocoileus virginianus
- †
- Odontaspis
- Odostomia
- Ondatra
- †Ondatra zibethicus
- †
- Opheodrys
- †Opheodrys vernalis
- †
- †Orycterocetus
- †Osteopygis
- Ostrea
- †Otodus
- Otodus megalodon
- Otus
- †Oxyrhina
- †Oxyrhina desorii
- †
- Pagurus
- †Palaeocarcharodon
- †Palaeophis
- Pandora
- Panopea
- Panopeus
- Panthera
- †Panthera leo
- †Panthera onca
- †
- Parascalops
- †Parascalops breweri
- †
Life restoration of the Miocene baleen whale Parietobalaena and calf - †Parietobalaena palmeri– type locality for species
- †
- Pecten
- Pekania
- †Pelocetus – type locality for genus
- Perisoreus
- †Perisoreus canadensis
- †
- Peromyscus
- †Peromyscus leucopus– or unidentified comparable form
- †
- Petricola
- †Petricola pholadiformis
- †
- †Phenacodus – tentative report
- Phenacomys
- †Phocageneus
- Pholadomya
- †Physeterula
- Pinna
- Pipistrellus
- Pitar
- †Pitar morrhuanus
- †
- Pitymys
- Placopecten
- Plecotus
- Plethodon
- Pleurotomella
- Pogonias
- †Pogonias cromis– or unidentified comparable form
- †
- Polydora
- Polystira
- †Presbyornis
- †Prionodon
- Prionotus
- †Prionotus evolans – or unidentified related form
- Propebela
- Prophaethon – tentative report
- †Protocardia
- Pseudacris
- †Pseudacris triseriata
- †
- Pseudoliva
- Pteria
- †Ptychosalpinx
A living Puffinus shearwater - Pycnodonte
- Quinqueloculina
- †Rana
- †Rana clamitans
- †Rana pipiens
- †Rana sylvatica
- †
- Rangia
- Ranzania
- Retusa
A school of living Rhinoptera, or cownose rays - Rhynchobatus
- †Roccus
- †Roccus saxatilis
- †
- †Rotalia
- Salamandra
- †Scala – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
- †Scala
- †Scaldicetus
- †Scapanorhynchus
- Scaphander
- Scaphella – type locality for genus
- Sceloporus
- †Sceloporus undulatus– or unidentified comparable form
- †
Fossilized skull of the Miocene toothed whale Schizodelphis - Schizoporella
- Sciaenops
- Sciurus
- †Sciurus carolinensis
- †
- †Scutella
- †Sediliopsis – type locality for genus
- Seila
- Semele – tentative report
- Semele
- Serpulorbis
- Siphonalia
Life restoration of the Pleistocene-Holocene saber-tooth cat Smilodon - †Smilodon fatalis
- †
- †Solarium
- Solen
- Sorex
- †Sorex cinereus
- †Sorex fumeus
- †
- Spermophilus
- †Spermophilus tridecemlineatus
- †
- †Sphyraenodus
- Sphyrna
- Spilogale
- †Spilogale putorius– type locality for species
- †
- Spisula
Life restoration of the Oligocene-Miocene shark-toothed dolphin Squalodon - †Squalodon calvertensis– type locality for species
- †
- Squatina
- Squilla
- Stewartia
- Stramonita
- Strioterebrum
- †Syllomus
- Sylvilagus
- †Sylvilagus floridanus
- †
- Synaptomys
- †Synaptomys cooperi
- †
- Syrnola
- Tagelus
- Tamias
- †Tamias striatus
- †
- Tamiasciurus
- †Tamiasciurus hudsonicus
- †
- †Tapiravus
A living Tapirus, or tapir - †Tasbacka
- Taxidea
- †Taxidea taxus– type locality for species
- †
- Teinostoma
- Tellina
- Terebra
- Terebratula
- Teredo
- Terrapene
- †Terrapene carolina
- †
- Testudo
- Textularia
- Thamnophis
Fossilized skeleton of the Oligocene-Miocene gavial relative Thecachampsa - †Thecachampsa antiqua
- †
- Thomomys– type locality for genus
- Thracia
- Tremarctos
- Triloculina
- Trionyx – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
- Triphora
- Tritonium
- Trochita
- †Trygon
- †Tuba – tentative report
- Turricula – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
- Turris – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
- Turritella
- Tursiops
- Typhis
- Umbraculum – tentative report
- Urosalpinx
- Ursus
- †Ursus americanus
- †
- Venericardia
- Vespertilio
- Vitrinella
- Volutifusus
- Vulpes
Fossilized skeleton of the Miocene whale Xiphiacetus - Xiphias
- Yoldia
.JPG)
References
- Various Contributors to the Paleobiology Database. "Fossilworks: Gateway to the Paleobiology Database". Retrieved 17 December 2021.