MAX Blue Line
The MAX Blue Line is a
The success of local
Planning for an extension of MAX to the west side began as early as 1979. Known as the Westside MAX, construction was delayed by nearly a decade due to funding disagreements. Originally designed to terminate at 185th Avenue near the border of Hillsboro and Beaverton, proponents for a longer line achieved a supplemental extension to downtown Hillsboro just before groundbreaking in 1993. The Westside MAX opened in two phases following delays in tunnel construction; the first section up to Goose Hollow opened in 1997 while the rest opened on September 12, 1998.
In 2000, the two distinct segments, already operating as a single
Eastside history
Early freeway opposition
Following the recommendations of
By 1972, local groups had filed lawsuits against the
Transitway planning and construction
With highway revolts similarly occurring in cities across the country,
In September 1978, TriMet became the first jurisdiction to adopt a resolution supporting a combined light rail and highway expansion plan.
The groundbreaking ceremony took place at Ruby Junction Yard, which would house a 98,000-square-foot (9,100 m2) maintenance and operations building, in March 1982.[61][62] Light rail construction, which progressed largely east to west, commenced the following year in April, on the two-mile (3.2 km) section between Ruby Junction and Cleveland Avenue.[63][64] The Ruby Junction facility opened as the system's first maintenance complex later that July.[65][66] By January 1984, work had reached East Burnside Street.[67] To minimize the cost of the Banfield Freeway segment,[61] track right-of-way excavation and freeway widening took place simultaneously.[68] Construction along this segment nonetheless slowed due to late material deliveries, particularly between Northeast Union and 39th avenues.[69] Track work in downtown Portland, the final section to be built, began in March 1984 and involved utility relocation, cobblestone paving, and tree planting across 36 downtown blocks.[70][71] The line's use of the Steel Bridge necessitated a $10 million rehabilitation that started the following June.[72] System testing followed the completion of electrification work.[71] This included the validation of the new light rail cars, which initially encountered electrical braking glitches, by putting each of them through 1,500 miles (2,400 km) of on-track testing.[73] On July 28, 1986, an eastbound car conducting a test run struck and killed a man who had trespassed onto the light rail tracks near Northeast 68th Avenue.[74] The Steel Bridge reopened in May 1986 after encountering a nine-month delay caused by structural problems and late deliveries. The bridge's owners—the Union Pacific and Southern Pacific railroads—added to the delay by insisting on the replacement of the bridge's 64 lift cables, which TriMet claimed had not been in the original contract.[75][76]
Inauguration and later improvements
On September 5, 1986, the $214 million (equivalent to $505 million in 2023 dollars) light rail line—now called Metropolitan Area Express (MAX)—opened for service.[1][77] Its new name was selected through a public contest held by The Oregonian and TriMet in June 1986.[78] TriMet designer Jeff Frane, who attributed inspiration to his son Alex, made the winning suggestion.[79] As the planning of an extension to the west side progressed, this line came to be referred to as the Eastside MAX.[1] Freeway transfer funds provided $178.3 million, or 83 percent of the total cost. The project was completed $10 million under budget.[1][60] An estimated 250,000 people attended the opening celebrations which spanned three days.[60] Downtown retailers, many of whom had opposed light rail, reported substantial increases in sales following the line's opening.[80] Nine new bus lines were created and six existing bus routes were modified as feeder routes.[81] MAX trains initially operated between 5:00 am and 1:30 am, with headways as short as seven minutes. Fares ranged $0.85–$1.30 to travel up to four paid zones.[82] Rides were free within Fareless Square from opening day until 2012.[83][84]
Originally, MAX trains did not automatically stop at every station, if no one was waiting to board when a train approached a given stop. MAX cars were equipped with stop-request
From 1986 to 1996, most of the line's easternmost two miles (3.2 km), beyond the Ruby Junction maintenance facility, operated as bidirectional single-track.[86]: 319–320 [87] Trains traveling in opposite directions were unable to pass in these sections, resulting in delays when service ran behind schedule. In early 1996, a second track was laid and a second platform was constructed at Gresham Central Transit Center,[88] making the section double-track and eliminating the only remaining single-track on the Eastside MAX.[89] The new track was brought into use in May after a three-month suspension of MAX service east of Rockwood/East 188th Avenue station;[88] it had been replaced by shuttle buses to allow the work to be carried out.[89][90]
Since the inauguration of MAX, TriMet has added four infill stations to the original alignment. In March 1990, the system opened the Mall stations—their names referring to the Portland Transit Mall—to coincide with the opening of Pioneer Place shopping mall in downtown Portland.[91] After operating for 30 years, these stations closed permanently in March 2020, owing to low ridership and to speed up train travel times across the city center.[92] In September 1990, the Oregon Convention Center opened to the public with MAX service from Convention Center station.[93] Work on the line's newest station, Civic Drive, started in 1997 as part of the Civic neighborhood development,[94] but was delayed for approximately twelve years due to a lack of funding. Construction resumed in May 2010 and the station opened on December 1, 2010.[95][96]
In 2015, TriMet began renovating fourteen of the system's oldest stations, between Hollywood/Northeast 42nd Avenue Transit Center and Cleveland Avenue. The project includes the installation of new windscreens, shelter roofs, digital information displays, lighting, and security cameras. Three stations—Gresham City Hall, East 122nd Avenue, and East 162nd Avenue—have been renovated as of February 2019.[97]
Westside extension
Early planning and delays
On September 30, 1908, an
In 1979, plans to restore passenger rail service from Portland to the west side emerged with a proposal to extend MAX to 185th Avenue, near the Hillsboro–Beaverton boundary.[101]: 2 [100]: 2–1 In 1983, Metro (the successor to CRAG) selected light rail as the preferred mode alternative, and the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) released $1.3 million to begin a preliminary engineering study.[100]: 2–2 [102] That same year, newly appointed Hillsboro Mayor Shirley Huffman began lobbying for the line's extension to downtown Hillsboro. She traveled frequently to Washington, D.C. to lobby Congress and UMTA.[103] The project was later suspended by TriMet amid conflict with UMTA, who wanted the former to develop a financing plan before it released funding for preliminary engineering work.[104][102] By the time planning resumed in January 1988,[105] significant changes in the Westside Corridor, including the conversion of 3,000 acres (1,214 ha) of vacant Washington County land into mixed-use urban areas, required a re-evaluation that was completed in May 1991.[100]: 2–2 [106]
As planning continued on the route between Portland and 185th Avenue, alternative routes through Beaverton included alignments along the Sunset Highway (U.S. 26), the BN right-of-way, and the Tualatin Valley Highway (TV Highway). A consultant recommended the BN alternative to TriMet in December 1988,[107] and the agency's board ultimately selected that recommendation.[108][109] The terminus station would have been along the BN right-of-way near 185th Avenue and Baseline Road.[110][111] Meanwhile, the Portland City Council formed an advisory committee to determine whether the route through downtown should extend west from 11th Avenue on Southwest Morrison and Yamhill streets or run through the Portland Transit Mall on 5th and 6th avenues.[112] The locally preferred alternative ultimately adopted a continuation of MAX along Morrison and Yamhill streets.[113]
The efforts of Huffman and others regarding the proposed Hillsboro extension led to a supplemental study in April 1993, which evaluated options to extend the westside light rail project, among other mode alternatives,[100]: 2–4 to the Washington County Fairplex or downtown Hillsboro.[100]: S–14 [110] Alternative routes up to downtown Hillsboro included the abandoned BN segment from 185th Avenue to 10th Avenue, Baseline and Cornell roads, and TV Highway.[100]: 2–4 In July of that year, TriMet approved an extension of the initial 11.5-mile (19 km) light rail line, 6.2 miles (10 km) farther west to downtown Hillsboro using the abandoned BN route.[114][5][a] This brought the project's new total distance to 17.7 miles (28.5 km) (some sources say 17.5 km).[50][a] At the time, the line was scheduled to open as far as 185th Avenue in September 1997,[115][111]: R2 and downtown Hillsboro by the end of 1998.[110]
Funding and construction
Funding for the westside extension proved difficult to obtain under the Reagan Administration, which sought to reduce federal expenditures by delaying existing light rail projects and declining to approve future planning.[116] As members of their respective appropriations committees, U.S. Senator Mark Hatfield and U.S. Representative Les AuCoin secured preliminary engineering and environmental review grants in 1989 by withholding funds from the head of UMTA's office.[117][118] In 1990, Congress adopted legislation requiring the federal government to cover a 75 percent share of transit projects approved within the fiscal year.[119] Voters subsequently rejected a measure to permit the use of local vehicle registration fees for public transit, which would have covered Oregon's 25 percent share, defeating it 52 percent to 48 percent.[120] With a year-end deadline approaching the 25 percent local-share stipulation, TriMet introduced a $125 million local bond measure in July 1990.[121] Portland area voters overwhelmingly approved the ballot measure, which earned 74 percent average approval the following November. This marked the region's first successful vote approving public transportation.[122][123] The Federal Transit Administration (the new name for UMTA) completed the funding package in 1991, granting $515 million to build the line up to 185th Avenue.[115] It provided another $75 million in 1994 following the approval of the Hillsboro extension, which covered one-third of the segment's $224 million additional cost.[124][123]
Construction of the Westside MAX began in August 1993 with the excavation of the 21-foot-diameter (6.4 m) Robertson Tunnel.[2][111] Several alternative alignments through the West Hills were studied, including an all-surface option along the Sunset Highway, an option with a half-mile-long (0.8 km) "short tunnel", and an option with a 3-mile (4.8 km) "long tunnel".[125][126] TriMet chose the "long tunnel" in April 1991.[127] Frontier-Traylor, the project's general contractor,[128] used conventional drilling and blasting techniques to dig through the west end. On the east segment, a 278-foot (85 m) tunnel boring machine was used to drill for two miles.[1][129] Highly fragmented rock initially made machine excavation difficult, delaying the project for nine months.[129] The $166.9 million tunnel was completed in 1997.[130][131] It houses the 260-foot-deep (79 m) Washington Park station, currently the system's only underground station and the deepest transit station in North America.[132]
Work along
Opening
Owing to delays caused by tunneling work, the line's planned September 1997 opening up to 185th Avenue was postponed by one year.[142][143] On August 31, 1997, the Westside MAX opened its first section, a two-station extension west to the Civic Stadium and Kings Hill/SW Salmon Street,[144] in conjunction with the entry into service of the first low-floor cars.[145] Grand opening celebrations for the entire $963.5 million (equivalent to $1.68 billion in 2023 dollars) line took place on September 12, 1998.[131] Ceremonies were held at various stations and speeches were delivered by local and national dignitaries, including Vice President Al Gore.[146] Twelve TriMet bus routes, which had operated between the west side and downtown Portland, were reduced to five, replaced by light rail.[147] The line immediately drew strong ridership, exceeding projections for 2005 less than two years after it opened.[148] In September 2000, TriMet adopted a color coding scheme to differentiate its trains operating between Hillsboro and Gresham from those that were going to serve the Airport MAX extension, assigning the colors blue and red, respectively.[149][150] The line-identification system was implemented shortly before the Red Line's opening on September 10, 2001.[151]
Proposed extension to Forest Grove
In February 2006, local government officials proposed an extension of the Westside MAX from its Hatfield Government Center terminus to Forest Grove. City leaders approached a former TriMet engineer to conduct a feasibility study and develop a plan to get the project included in Metro's Joint Policy Advisory Committee on Transportation list of priority projects.[152] The six-month study, completed in October, estimated a cost of about $200 million to build the segment. The study identified a best route option using existing tracks between Southwest Adams Avenue in Hillsboro and Douglas Street in Forest Grove. The tracks, which were formerly owned by OE, are currently state-owned with operating rights assigned to the Portland and Western Railroad.[153] Metro proposes a high-capacity transit extension to Forest Grove as part of its 2018 Regional Transportation Plan for 2040 but does not specify the type of high-capacity transit, which could either be a bus or a rail option.[154]
Route
The Blue Line operates along the Eastside and Westside MAX segments, which combined total 32.6 miles (52.5 km)[50][155][a] to 32.7 miles (52.6 km).[156][157][a] Its western terminus is Hatfield Government Center in Hillsboro, on the corner of West Main Street and Southwest Adams Avenue.[158] From there, the line heads east along the median of Southeast Washington Street and continues east on a former BN—former OE—right-of-way between Southeast 10th Avenue and Northwest 185th Avenue,[159][110] traveling mostly at-grade except at grade-separated crossings—notably, the Main Street Bridge and Cornelius Pass Road—until it reaches Beaverton Transit Center.[101]: 11 It then turns north, running adjacent to Oregon Highway 217 to Sunset Transit Center. From there it continues eastwards along the north side of the Sunset Highway before entering the Robertson Tunnel for Washington Park station.[1] After leaving the tunnel, the line passes below the Vista Bridge and enters downtown Portland, continuing along Southwest Jefferson Street before turning north onto the median of Southwest 18th Avenue.[160]
Near
The Blue Line shares much of its alignment with the Red Line. Between 2001 and 2003, they used the same tracks from the
Stations
The Blue Line serves 48 stations. The 27 stations built as part of the inaugural line between Gresham and downtown Portland opened on September 5, 1986.[48]: 37 The Mall stations on Southwest 4th and 5th avenues were added in conjunction with the opening of Pioneer Place in March 1990,[170] followed by the Convention Center station and the Oregon Convention Center in September.[171] The Westside MAX opened in two stages due to delays in construction.[142] The first two stations, Civic Stadium—now Providence Park—and Kings Hill/Southwest Salmon Street opened on August 31, 1997.[172] The remaining 18 stations opened during the segment's inauguration on September 12, 1998.[131] The newest station is Civic Drive, which was opened on December 1, 2010.[96][173]
On July 24, 2019, TriMet announced the permanent closure of the Mall stations, as well as a one-year pilot closure of Kings Hill/Southwest Salmon Street station, in an effort to speed up travel times. The closures took effect on March 1, 2020.[3][92]
Transfers to the Yellow Line are available at the Pioneer Square and Mall stations and Rose Quarter Transit Center, while transfers to the Green Line (beyond the shared Eastside MAX alignment) and the Orange Line can be made at the Pioneer Square and Mall stations.[174] Additionally, the Blue Line provides connections to local and intercity bus services at various stops across the line, the Portland Streetcar at four stops in and near downtown Portland,[175] and a transfer to WES Commuter Rail, which runs from Beaverton to Wilsonville during the morning and evening commutes on weekdays, at Beaverton Transit Center.[176]
Icon | Purpose |
---|---|
† | Terminus |
→ | Eastbound travel only |
← | Westbound travel only |
Station | Location | Commenced | Line transfers[174] | Notes[174][177][c] |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hatfield Government Center† | Hillsboro | 1998 | — | — |
Hillsboro Central/Southeast 3rd Avenue Transit Center | 1998 | — | Connects to YCTA[178]
| |
Tuality Hospital/Southeast 8th Avenue | 1998 | — | — | |
Washington/Southeast 12th Avenue | 1998 | — | — | |
Fair Complex/Hillsboro Airport | 1998 | — | — | |
Hawthorn Farm | 1998 | — | — | |
Orenco | 1998 | — | Connects to North Hillsboro Link
| |
Quatama | 1998 | — | — | |
Willow Creek/Southwest 185th Avenue Transit Center | 1998 | — | Connects to North Hillsboro Link
| |
Elmonica/Southwest 170th Avenue | Beaverton | 1998 | — | Near Elmonica maintenance facility |
Merlo Road/Southwest 158th Avenue | 1998 | — | — | |
Beaverton Creek | 1998 | — | — | |
Millikan Way | 1998 | — | — | |
Beaverton Central | 1998 | — | — | |
Beaverton Transit Center | 1998 | Connects to WES Commuter Rail | ||
Sunset Transit Center | 1998 | Connects to POINT, TCTD
| ||
Washington Park | Portland | 1998 | Connects to Washington Park Free Shuttle | |
Goose Hollow/Southwest Jefferson Street | 1998 | — | ||
Providence Park | 1997 | — | ||
Library/Southwest 9th Avenue→ | 1986 | Connects to Portland Streetcar | ||
Galleria/Southwest 10th Avenue← | 1986 | |||
Pioneer Square South→ | 1986 | Connects to Portland Transit Mall | ||
Pioneer Square North← | 1986 | |||
Yamhill District→ | 1986 | — | ||
Morrison/Southwest 3rd Avenue← | 1986 | |||
Oak Street/Southwest 1st Avenue | 1986 | — | ||
Skidmore Fountain | 1986 | — | ||
Old Town/Chinatown | 1986 | — | ||
Rose Quarter Transit Center | 1986 | Connects to C-Tran | ||
Convention Center | 1990 | Connects to Portland Streetcar | ||
Northeast 7th Avenue | 1986 | Connects to Portland Streetcar | ||
Lloyd Center/Northeast 11th Avenue | 1986 | — | ||
Hollywood/Northeast 42nd Avenue Transit Center | 1986 | — | ||
Northeast 60th Avenue | 1986 | — | ||
Northeast 82nd Avenue | 1986 | — | ||
Gateway/Northeast 99th Avenue Transit Center
|
1986 | Connects to Columbia Area Transit[179] | ||
East 102nd Avenue | 1986 | — | — | |
East 122nd Avenue | 1986 | — | — | |
East 148th Avenue | 1986 | — | — | |
East 162nd Avenue | 1986 | — | — | |
East 172nd Avenue | Gresham | 1986 | — | — |
East 181st Avenue | 1986 | — | — | |
Rockwood/East 188th Avenue | 1986 | — | — | |
Ruby Junction/East 197th Avenue | 1986 | — | Near Ruby Junction maintenance facility | |
Civic Drive | 2010 | — | — | |
Gresham City Hall | 1986 | — | — | |
Gresham Central Transit Center | 1986 | — | Connects to Sandy Area Metro | |
Cleveland Avenue† | 1986 | — | — |
Transit-oriented development
In an Institute for Transportation and Development Policy study conducted in September 2013, the Blue Line was credited with generating $6.6 billion in transit-oriented development investment.[180]
Service
From Monday to Thursday, the Blue Line runs for 221⁄2 hours per day. The first train goes westbound from Elmonica/Southwest 170th Avenue station at 3:31 am and the last trip goes eastbound from Rose Quarter Transit Center to Ruby Junction/East 197th Avenue station at 1:29 am the following day. Additional late-night trips are provided on Fridays, with the last trip going eastbound from Hatfield Government Center station to Elmonica/Southwest 170th Avenue station at 2:01 am. Except for additional late-night trips on Saturdays, weekend service runs on a slightly reduced schedule. The first trains run westbound from Ruby Junction/East 197th Avenue station at 3:35 am and the last trains run eastbound from Hatfield Government Center station at 1:51 am and Rose Quarter Transit Center at 1:33 am, respectively. Select early morning trains operate as
Ridership
During the Eastside MAX's construction, the line was projected to carry 12,000 riders per day. It averaged around 22,000 during its first four days of regular operation and had leveled at 18,000 by December 1986.[80][183] In June 1987, TriMet's general manager, James Cowen, claimed MAX ridership had grown to a point where it was "a peak all day" with a farebox recovery ratio of 50 percent.[184] Two years after the opening of the Westside MAX, the system had been recording over 71,000 daily riders, a figure that was not anticipated until 2005.[185] To relieve overcrowding, TriMet extended the Red Line further west to Beaverton Transit Center on August 31, 2003.[168] From 2004 to 2007, TriMet recorded 18 percent and 27 percent increases in utilization between Hatfield Government Center station and Beaverton Transit Center during morning and evening rush hours, respectively, prompting the agency to add three Red Line trains running up to Hatfield Government Center on March 2, 2008.[186] In the first three months of 2017, the Blue Line recorded an average 55,233 rides per weekday, a drop of 2.9 percent from the same period in 2016.[187] TriMet attributes the drop to lower-income riders being forced out of the inner city by rising housing prices.[188] The Blue Line is currently the busiest line in the MAX system, carrying 18.9 million passengers in 2015.[1] It averaged 55,370 riders on weekdays in September 2018,[4] up from 55,330 for the same month in 2017.[189]
Notes
- ^ a b c d e f Although several sources provide more precise figures, TriMet itself almost always gives only rounded figures for the lengths of the distinct segments of the Blue Line, of 15 miles (24 km) (Banfield/Eastside MAX), 12 miles (19 km) (Westside MAX), 6 miles (9.7 km) (Westside MAX Hillsboro Extension), and a total of 33 miles (53 km), with no tenths digit. At least one TriMet-issued news release referred to the Blue Line's length as "nearly 33 miles".[51]
- ^ The Portland–Vancouver Metropolitan Transportation Study, also referred to as the "Portland–Vancouver Metropolitan Area Transportation Study", or PVMATS, by some publications, was an agency charged with highway planning.[15]
- ^ This list of service connections excludes TriMet bus connections. For a complete list that includes all transfers, see: List of MAX Light Rail stations.
References
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- ^ a b "Westside MAX Blue Line Extension" (PDF). TriMet. July 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 2, 2019. Retrieved September 30, 2019.
- ^ a b Altstadt, Roberta (July 24, 2019). "TriMet to make MAX service more efficient with closure of three stations in Downtown Portland in March 2020". TriMet. Archived from the original on July 24, 2019. Retrieved July 24, 2019.
- ^ a b "September 2018 Monthly Performance Report" (PDF). TriMet. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 22, 2019. Retrieved February 21, 2019.
- ^ )
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- ^ Kramer 2004, p. 65.
- ^ Edwards, Herman (October 13, 1963). "Earth-Moving Equipment Starts Gouging Out Bypass Road For Freeway Construction". The Oregonian. p. 40.
- ^ Kramer 2004, p. 66.
- ^ Thompson 2005, p. 4.
- ^ a b c d Mesh, Aaron (November 4, 2014). "Feb. 4, 1974: Portland kills the Mount Hood Freeway..." Willamette Week. Archived from the original on October 10, 2018. Retrieved July 26, 2018.
- ^ a b Thompson 2005, p. 2.
- ^ Abbott, Carl; Abbott, Margery Post (May 1991). "Abbott: A history of Metro, May 1991" (PDF). Metro. p. 3. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 8, 2022. Retrieved July 10, 2022.
- ^ Fackler 2009, p. 90.
- ^ United States. Federal Highway Administration, United States. Urban Mass Transportation Administration & Oregon. State Highway Division 1980, p. 1-4.
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- ^ "Foes sue to halt NW Portland Freeway". The Oregonian. September 18, 1971.
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- ^ Fackler 2009, p. 112.
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- ^ Thompson 2005, pp. 7–8.
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- ^ Selinger 2019, p. 21.
- ^ United States. Federal Highway Administration, United States. Urban Mass Transportation Administration & Oregon. State Highway Division 1980, p. 1-7.
- ^ Thompson 2005, pp. 12.
- ^ Hortsch, Dan (February 3, 1977). "Light rail alternative studied for Banfield". The Oregonian. p. C1.
- ^ "Meetings on transit ideas slated". The Oregonian. May 4, 1975. p. C2.
- ^ "Tri-Met board backs Banfield rail option". The Oregonian. February 8, 1977. p. 1.
- ^ "Banfield Transitway Project, Multnomah County: Hearing and Project Report". TriMet/ODOT. 1978. Archived from the original on July 2, 2020. Retrieved June 28, 2020.
- ^ Hortsch, Dan (September 27, 1978). "Tri-Met board votes to back Banfield light-rail project". The Oregonian. p. F1.
- ^ Selinger 2019, p. 30.
- ^ Alesko, Michael (November 17, 1978). "CRAG endorses light rail plan". The Oregonian. p. D3.
- ^ Hortsch, Dan (December 20, 1978). "Atiyeh to include light-rail system in '79–'81 budget". The Oregonian. p. 1.
- ^ McDonough, Sanda (July 24, 1979). "Governor signs bill for light-rail project". The Oregonian. p. B1.
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- ISSN 0736-2064.
- ^ (PDF) from the original on July 21, 2018. Retrieved May 6, 2019.
- ^ Becker, Tim (August 10, 2018). "Rail crossing improvements in Gresham to affect MAX service, auto traffic". TriMet. Archived from the original on December 14, 2018. Retrieved May 6, 2019.
- ^ Selinger 2019, p. 31.
- ISSN 1048-3845.
- ^ "Gresham: Downtown" (PDF). Metro. April 16, 2014. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 28, 2018. Retrieved September 2, 2019.
- ^ a b Federman, Stan (December 17, 1983). "Tri-Met acquires rail right-of-way". The Oregonian. p. D9.
- ^ "Public Notices; Portland Traction Company, Docket No. AB-225 (Sub-No. 1)F, Notice of intent to abandon and discontinue Service". The Oregonian. August 17, 1983. p. 4.
- ^ Running, Jim (October 18, 1983). "Light-rail line nerve center taking shape for arrival of first car". The Oregonian. p. ME1.
- ^ McConnell, Pete (November 16, 1982). "Trollies' late arrival won't delay light rail". The Oregonian (East Metro ed.). p. ME1.
- ^ "First car for light rail delivered". The Oregonian. April 11, 1984. p. C4.
- ^ Progressive Architecture. Vol. 67. p. 25.
- ^ a b Thompson, Richard (Summer 1982). "Portland Light Rail" (PDF). The Trolley Park News. Oregon Electric Railway Historical Society. p. 5. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 30, 2018. Retrieved July 27, 2018.
- ^ Federman, Stan (March 27, 1982). "At ground-breaking: Festivities herald transitway". The Oregonian. p. A12.
- ^ Federman, Stan (March 11, 1983). "Tri-Met opens bids on first light-rail track work". The Oregonian. p. B1.
- ^ Federman, Stan (March 31, 1983). "Light-rail work gets go-ahead". The Oregonian. p. D16.
- ^ Johnson, Sara (September 4, 1986). "Operations center forms heart of MAX system". The Oregonian. p. 8ME.
- ^ Federman, Stan (June 2, 1983). "Ruby Junction due to open in July; track work beginning". The Oregonian. p. C7.
- ^ "Work to begin on more light rail segments". The Oregonian. January 4, 1984. p. B4.
- ^ Federman, Stan (April 27, 1983). "'Big, bad Banfield' work shifts into high gear". The Oregonian. p. B12.
- ^ Federman, Stan (September 5, 1986). "After miles of frustration, construction ends under budget". The Oregonian. p. T9.
- ^ "Light-rail work [photo and caption only]". The Oregonian. March 10, 1984. p. C1.
Ralph L. Mowatt, a welder for Portland General Electric Co., cuts iron beam in street at Southwest First Avenue and Morrison Street on Friday as construction on the Banfield light-rail project moved downtown this week with utilities beginning to relocate lines.
- ^ a b Federman, Stan (March 4, 1986). "Light rail's jolly trolley progress on track". The Oregonian. p. B5.
- ^ "Steel Bridge shut down for light rail". The Oregonian. June 12, 1984. p. B1.
- ^ Federman, Stan (April 7, 1986). "End in sight for light rail's 'breakdowns'". The Oregonian. p. B2.
- ^ Hallman, Tom Jr. (July 30, 1986). "Light-rail car strikes, kills man". The Oregonian. p. B2.
- ^ Federman, Stan (April 14, 1986). "Light-rail decision planned for May 15; system opening depends on status of Steel Bridge work". The Oregonian. p. B8.
- ^ Federman, Stan (May 30, 1986). "Bridge party trumpets reopening". The Oregonian. p. E2.
- ^ Federman, Stan (September 5, 1986). "All aboard! MAX on track; ride free". The Oregonian. p. 1.
- ^ "Name That Train Contest". The Oregonian. June 30, 1986. p. A8.
- ^ "TriMet: Celebrating 25 Years of MAX Blue Line to Gresham". TriMet. Archived from the original on July 14, 2017. Retrieved July 27, 2018.
- ^ a b McCloud, John (December 28, 1986). "National Notebook: Portland, Ore.; Where MAX Is the Most". The New York Times.
- ^ Wade, Michael (September 4, 1986). "New bus routes to feed light-rail stations". The Oregonian. p. 8ME.
- ^ Federman, Stan (September 5, 1986). "Going to the MAX: Your ticket to light rail". The Oregonian. p. T10.
- ^ "At last, here's your chance to jump all over Tri-Met". The Oregonian. August 24, 1986. p. A20.
- ^ Rose, Joseph (June 13, 2012). "TriMet board kills Portland's Free Rail Zone, raises fares, cuts bus service over protesters' shouts, jeers". The Oregonian. Archived from the original on June 15, 2012. Retrieved July 17, 2012.
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A Metropolitan Area Express train breaks through a banner Monday afternoon marking the opening of a new light-rail station in front of Pioneer Place...
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{{cite news}}
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{{cite magazine}}
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(help) - ^ a b Selinger 2019, p. 74.
- ^ Oliver, Gordon (August 29, 1996). "Tri-Met's light-rail tunnel costs continue to rise". The Oregonian. p. B4.
- ^ a b c d Oliver, Gordon; Hamilton, Don (September 9, 1998). "Go west young MAX". The Oregonian. p. C1.
- ^ Altstadt, Roberta (August 2, 2019). "UPDATE: TriMet to replace elevators at the deepest transit station in North America". TriMet. Archived from the original on August 6, 2019. Retrieved August 6, 2019.
- ^ Oliver, Gordon (January 30, 1994). "Blasting the tunnels". The Oregonian. p. D1.
- ^ Oliver, Gordon (June 23, 1994). "Railroad deal provides Tri-Met with westside light-rail route". The Oregonian. p. D4.
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- ^ Colby, Richard N. (January 11, 1996). "Work is under way in Hillsboro preparing the way for light rail". The Oregonian. p. C2.
- ^ Colby, Richard N. (January 22, 1996). "Light-rail milestone: The $16 million Westside MAX maintenance building in Elmonica is dedicated by Tri-Met". The Oregonian (West Metro ed.). p. B2.
- ^ Corselli, Andrew (July 29, 2019). "Siemens Receives Two LRV Orders". Railway Age. Archived from the original on July 29, 2019. Retrieved July 29, 2019.
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- ^ a b Hamilton, Don (August 25, 1995). "Tri-Met experiencing a holdup in the hills". The Oregonian. p. B2.
The agency [Tri-Met] says digging the tunnel for westside light rail will cause a year's delay in completing the entire project.
- ^ Oliver, Gordon (January 6, 1997). "Westside rail finally looks like a reality". The Oregonian. p. B2.
- ^ O'Keefe, Mark (September 1, 1997). "New MAX cars smooth the way for wheelchairs". The Oregonian. p. B12.
- ^ Selinger 2019, p. 76.
- ^ "Celebrating the Grand Opening of Tri-Met's Westside MAX Light Rail!". TriMet. September 11, 1998. Archived from the original on November 18, 1999. Retrieved August 14, 2018.
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- ISSN 1460-8324.
With the light rail system due to expand to two services in September 2001, and three in 2004 (with all three using the same routing and stops in the city centre), Tri-Met has decided to assign route colours as follows ...
- ^ Selinger 2019, p. 83.
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- ^ "Stop ID 9848 – Hatfield Government Center MAX Station, Southbound". TriMet. Archived from the original on February 10, 2019. Retrieved September 7, 2018.
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- ^ a b TriMet System map (PDF) (Map). TriMet. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 10, 2019. Retrieved July 25, 2018.
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- ^ a b MAX Blue Line schedules:
- For weekday, westbound to Portland City Center and Hillsboro: "MAX Blue Line, Weekday Westbound to Portland City Center and Hillsboro" (PDF). TriMet. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 24, 2019. Retrieved May 23, 2019.
- For weekday, eastbound to Portland City Center and Gresham: "MAX Blue Line, Weekday Eastbound to Portland City Center and Gresham" (PDF). TriMet. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 24, 2019. Retrieved May 23, 2019.
- For Saturday, westbound to Portland City Center and Hillsboro: "MAX Blue Line, Saturday Westbound to Portland City Center and Hillsboro" (PDF). TriMet. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 24, 2019. Retrieved May 23, 2019.
- For Saturday, eastbound to Portland City Center and Gresham: "MAX Blue Line, Saturday Eastbound to Portland City Center and Gresham" (PDF). TriMet. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 24, 2019. Retrieved May 23, 2019.
- For Sunday, westbound to Portland City Center and Hillsboro: "MAX Blue Line, Sunday Westbound to Portland City Center and Hillsboro" (PDF). TriMet. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 24, 2019. Retrieved May 23, 2019.
- For Sunday, eastbound to Portland City Center and Gresham: "MAX Blue Line, Sunday Eastbound to Portland City Center and Gresham" (PDF). TriMet. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 24, 2019. Retrieved May 23, 2019.
- ^ "Frequent Service" (PDF). TriMet. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 9, 2018. Retrieved August 6, 2018.
- ^ Hayakawa, Alan (September 18, 1986). "MAX training fast; ridership proves it". The Oregonian. p. 1.
- ^ Hill, Jim (June 10, 1987). "TriMet's manager predicts westside light rail". The Oregonian. p. B7. Archived from the original on July 31, 2022. Retrieved April 9, 2022 – via NewsBank.
- ^ Stewart, Bill (September 13, 2000). "Westside MAX celebrates two years on track". The Oregonian. p. C3.
- ^ "TriMet extends rush-hour MAX trains between Hillsboro, PDX". Beaverton Valley Times. March 3, 2008. Archived from the original on May 11, 2008. Retrieved November 1, 2015.
- ^ Keizur, Christopher (June 12, 2017). "Safe travels?". Portland Tribune. Archived from the original on August 4, 2018. Retrieved August 3, 2018.
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- ^ "September 2017 Monthly Performance Report" (PDF). TriMet. October 18, 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 2, 2019. Retrieved March 16, 2019.
Sources
- Fackler, Eliot Henry (June 2009). Protesting Portland's Freeways: Highway Engineering and Citizen Activism in the Interstate Era (PDF) (Master of Arts thesis). University of Oregon. Retrieved July 10, 2022.
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- Tri-County Metropolitan Transportation District of Oregon; Urban Mass Transportation Administration (March 1, 1985). Urban Decision Making for Transportation Investments: Portland's Light Rail Transit System (Report). United States. Federal Transit Administration. Retrieved August 24, 2022 – via Repository & Open Science Access Portal.
- United States. Portland State University Library.
External links
- "MAX Blue Line". TriMet.
- Historic American Engineering Record(HAER) documentation, filed under Beaverton, Washington County, OR:
- HAER No. OR-59, "Oregon Electric Railway Westside Corridor", 20 photos, 10 data pages, 1 photo caption page
- HAER No. OR-59-A, "Oregon Electric Railway Westside Corridor, Hillsboro Extension", 14 photos, 10 data pages, 2 photo caption pages