Interstate 84 in Oregon

Route map:
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

This article is about the section of Interstate 84 in Oregon. For the entire route, see Interstate 84 (Oregon–Utah).
Interstate 84 marker
Interstate 84
Vietnam Veterans Memorial Highway
Map
I-84 highlighted in red
Route information
Maintained by ODOT
Length375.68 mi[1] (604.60 km)
Existed1957–present
HistoryCompleted in 1975
NHSEntire route
Major junctions
West end I-5 / US 30 in Portland
Major intersections
East end I-84 at Idaho state line near Ontario
Location
CountryUnited States
StateOregon
CountiesMultnomah, Hood River, Wasco, Sherman, Gilliam, Morrow, Umatilla, Union, Baker, Malheur
Highway system
← OR 82→ OR 86

Interstate 84 (I-84) in the U.S. state of

US 395
.

The freeway serves as the main east–west route through Portland and

Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area. It passes through the cities of Hood River and The Dalles within the gorge and also serves several state parks and natural monuments. Near Pendleton, it leaves the Columbia River and runs southeasterly across the Blue Mountains via La Grande and Baker City. I-84 crosses the Snake River at Ontario, continuing southeast towards Boise, Idaho
.

I-84 was established in 1957 and originally carried the designation of Interstate 80N (I-80N) until 1980, when this was changed to I-84 to prevent confusion with the southerly

Interstate standards
. New roads were built through the Columbia River Gorge in the 1960s and across northeastern Oregon in the 1970s. The final section of I-84, near Baker City, was opened to traffic on July 3, 1975.

Route description

Interstate 84 is the longest freeway in Oregon, at over 375 miles (604 km) in length, and is the only Interstate to traverse the state from west to east.[2] The highway connects the Portland metropolitan area to the Columbia River Gorge, the northeastern Columbia Plateau, and part of the Snake River Valley.[3] As a component of the Interstate Highway System, I-84 is also designated as an important national highway under the National Highway System.[4][5] It is officially named the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Highway and is mostly concurrent with US 30, which also carries part of the Columbia River Highway No. 2 and all of the Old Oregon Trail Highway No. 6 under Oregon's named route system.[6][7]

I-84 is maintained by the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT), who conduct an annual survey of traffic volume that is expressed in terms of annual average daily traffic (AADT), a measure of traffic volume for any average day of the year. The highway is the busiest in Oregon, with a daily average of over 177,000 vehicles in eastern Portland;[8] while the least-traveled section of I-84, south of Baker City, only carries 9,400 vehicles.[7][9] The highway's route through the Columbia River Gorge is considered one of the most scenic sections of the Interstate Highway System and is visited by 4.5 million tourists annually.[10][11]

Portland area

The northbound approach on I-5 near its interchange with I-84 in Portland

Interstate 84 begins across from

Loop lines that serve the Eastside district of the city. At an interchange near the Lloyd Center and Holladay Park, the Banfield Freeway is joined by MAX Light Rail trains, which stop along stations on the north side of the freeway.[3][12][13]

I-84 serves several local interchanges, which often lack exits for both directions of the freeway,

Troutdale Airport, entering the Sandy River Delta nature reserve.[12]

Columbia Gorge

View of I-84 in the Columbia River Gorge, looking east from Rowena Crest

I-84 and US 30 emerge from the park at the south bank of the

Sierra Nevada mountain ranges.[23][24]

From the bridge, I-84 briefly leaves the river's edge and travels around the south side of Cascade Locks, while US 30 splits from the freeway and runs through the town. The two highways are rejoined near

Mount Hood Scenic Byway, at the south end of the Hood River Bridge. The toll bridge crosses the Columbia River and connects Hood River to White Salmon, Washington and has a regular toll of $2 per vehicle.[29] The freeway continues southeast along the Bingen Gap and enters Wasco County near Kobert Beach.[3][12]

Upon reaching

Deschutes River into Sherman County and travels southeasterly towards Condon.[3]

The Deschutes River marks the eastern end of the Columbia Gorge National Scenic Area, though the gorge itself continues further northeast through the shrublands of the Columbia Plateau. I-84 and US 30 travel northeast to Biggs Junction, where it intersects US 97 at the south end of the Sam Hill Memorial Bridge, which continues across the river to Maryhill State Park in Maryhill—an early planned community by businessman Sam Hill that features a Stonehenge replica and had the first paved roads in the Northwest.[31] US 97 also continues south from Biggs Junction to Bend and north to Goldendale and Yakima.[3] The freeway continues northeast through Rufus and past the John Day Dam to the John Day River, where it crosses into Gilliam County.[3][12]

Eastern Oregon

snow chains

I-84 and US 30 continue east along the river, now the expanded

wildlife refuge.[34]

Formerly a 25,000-acre (10,000 ha)

poplar tree farm was planted in rows for 6 miles (9.7 km) along I-84 just east of Boardman and was considered a scenic sight and a community fixture. The trees were cut down in 2016 and other crops were planted.[35][36][37]

At the southeast corner of the Army depot near

US 395 near Stanfield, forming a concurrency with the latter. From Stanfield, I-84, US 30, and US 395 continue southeast along the Umatilla River and the old Oregon Trail to Pendleton, which lies in a valley formed by the river.[38] West of the city, near the Eastern Oregon Regional Airport, US 30 leaves the concurrency to run through downtown on city streets. After passing the Eastern Oregon Correctional Institution and crossing the river, US 395 splits from I-84 at Southgate, heading south towards John Day. I-84 continues around the south edge of Pendleton and intersects OR 11, a connecting highway to Walla Walla, Washington, before being rejoined by US 30.[3] The freeway travels southeast through a portion of the Umatilla Indian Reservation, passing the on-reservation resort casino,[39] and begins its ascent into the Blue Mountains.[12]

The easternmost 168 miles (270 km) of I-84 includes several sharp curves and steep grades, along with winter weather that causes frequent closures and collisions.[40] The westbound and eastbound lanes are split by a wide median for 8 miles (13 km) as I-84 climbs 3,000 feet (910 m) up a series of switchbacks on Cabbage Hill (also known as Emigrant Hill), which have a maximum grade of 5 to 6 percent.[40][41] This section of the freeway also has an additional passing lane for uphill travel, runaway truck ramps on descending slopes, chain-up zones, water refills for truck radiators, and variable-message signage for weather conditions.[42][43] I-84 cuts northeast across Emigrant Hill and turns south after Deadman Pass, traveling towards the Emigrant Springs State Heritage Area near Meacham, located in the Umatilla National Forest.[12] Near Kamela, I-84 crosses the Blue Mountain summit, the second highest point of any freeway in the state at 4,193 feet (1,278 m) above sea level.[40]

I-84 descends from the central Blue Mountains along Railroad Canyon, named for the Union Pacific line that runs through it, and reaches a junction with

Wallowa-Whitman National Forest.[40] I-84 then descends into a wide valley and splits from US 30 at an interchange with OR 237 in North Powder. The two highways continue south into Baker County, but are separated by the Powder River and Coyote Point. I-84 intersects OR 86 and the south end of OR 203 near Baker City Municipal Airport, at the edge of Baker City.[3][12]

The freeway passes the east side of Baker City, intersecting

Salt Lake City, Utah.[40][45]

History

An Interstate 80N shield seen at Corbett in 1973

The Columbia River Gorge and overland crossing between

American Association of State Highway Officials (AASHO).[52][53]

Improvements to the Columbia River Highway and Old Oregon Trail Highway had been planned since the early 1930s, primarily centered on a straighter alignment along the river,[54] but World War II delayed further development until 1948.[55] After the state legislature authorized construction of controlled-access highways in 1947, the Columbia River Highway was targeted for major rebuilding to grade-separated standards.[56][57] The Oregon State Highway Division started rebuilding parts of the highway segment by segment beginning in 1948 as bond funding became available, and completed the "water level" route in 1954.[58] One of the segments completed in the early 1950s was the Banfield Expressway in Portland.[2][59]

After the passing of the Federal Interstate and Defense Highways Act in 1956, US 30 was scheduled to be superseded by a new freeway, on an alignment closer to the river on flat terrain.[60] The segment between Portland and The Dalles was mostly complete by 1963, but it would take until 1968 for construction of the highway to meet Interstate highway standards. Several sections of the Historic Columbia River Highway were destroyed to accommodate the wider highway, including the iconic Mitchell Point Tunnel.[61] Further work on the section in the eastern gorge, from The Dalles to Pendleton, began in the 1950s and was completed in 1964. Construction on the remaining segment between Pendleton and Ontario began in 1965 and continued until July 3, 1975, when the final section of I-84 opened near Baker City.[2][62]

The highway was initially designated in 1957 as Interstate 82, but was renumbered as Interstate 80N in 1958 to correspond with US 30 and give Oregon a "transcontinental" number.[63][64] Oregon leaders had originally requested the designation of Interstate 80, but accepted I-80N as a compromise.[65] It remained as Interstate 80N until May 1, 1980, when it was changed to Interstate 84 to eliminate confusion with the western section of the non-suffixed I-80, which split from I-80N in Salt Lake City and continued west to San Francisco.[66][67] The changing of signs in Oregon cost $140,000 and was funded by the federal government, which approved the change in 1979.[66][68]

The entire highway was dedicated as the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Highway in September 2014 by the state legislature, joining a similar designation in Idaho.[6]

In November 2016, ODOT activated a variable speed zone on a 30-mile (48 km) stretch of Interstate 84 between Baker City and Ladd Canyon. The new electronic signs collect data regarding temperature, skid resistance, and average motorist speed to determine the most effective speed limit for the area before presenting the limit on the sign.[69]

Banfield Freeway

The T.H. Banfield Expressway, commonly known as the Banfield Freeway, is the portion of Interstate 84 between its western terminus at

Interstate 205 in Portland, Oregon, United States. The expressway, originally built as part of US 30, is named for Thomas H. "Harry" Banfield (1885–1950), a former Oregon State Highway commissioner.[2]

Prior to the creation of the Banfield, surface streets were the only routes from Portland to the country. Under President Dwight D. Eisenhower, the federal government had started providing federal assistance to expressway projects. As a result, planners designed a freeway system in Portland. The first step in building this new freeway system was to construct the Banfield, which would stretch from Portland to Troutdale. The first section of the Banfield Expressway from Northeast 42nd Street to Troutdale opened on October 1, 1955, as Oregon's first freeway.[2][70][71] The full length, stretching 13 miles (21 km) from the Burnside Bridge to Troutdale, opened on January 24, 1958, with the completion of the section west of Northeast 42nd Avenue.[72][73] The section through Sullivan's Gulch had been used by the Union Pacific Railroad beginning in 1882 and had a 40-to-100-foot (12 to 30 m) right of way for use by the freeway.[74]

I-80N was planned to be moved from the Banfield, which did not meet full Interstate standards, to the Mount Hood Freeway under planning in the 1960s. The freeway would have connected to I-5 near the Marquam Bridge and run through southeastern Portland to I-205, requiring a concurrency to reach the Banfield near Parkrose.[75] The proposal was later cancelled in 1974.

A pair of time-limited

high-occupancy vehicle lanes were installed in December 1975 at an approximate cost of $500,000. They were available for buses and passenger vehicles with three or more occupants. The westbound lane was 1.7 miles (2.7 km) long and open 6:30 to 9:30 a.m.; the eastbound lane was 3.3 miles (5.3 km) and open from 3:30 to 6:30 p.m. In 1977, the lane had a passenger volume of 1,075 people in the peak hour of traffic with an average of 2.81 people per rideshare vehicle, compared to 2,272 passengers per hour and 1.18 passengers per car for the regular lanes. The lane was calculated to have 88 percent excess capacity in the peak hour of traffic, remaining relatively open. A report noted a 12 percent violation rate of the HOV lane and that enforcement of the lane was difficult because there was no shoulder for police to pull over a driver.[76] The HOV lane was removed in 1982 for the start of freeway widening work and TriMet MAX construction.[77]

The highway was widened to eight lanes during the 1980s, and the MAX Light Rail's Blue Line was added along the north side at the same time in 1986.[78] Construction of the widened freeway and light rail line required the demolition and replacement of twelve overpasses and the closure of several ramps.[79]

The Portland Bureau of Transportation built a 470-foot (140 m) pedestrian and bicycle bridge over a section of the Banfield Expressway in the early 2020s. The bridge, named the Earl Blumenauer Pedestrian and Bicycle Bridge, connects two ends of Northeast 7th Avenue (near Grand Avenue) between East Portland and the Lloyd District.[80] It opened in July 2022 and cost $13.7 million to construct.[81][82]

Exit list

CountyLocation[83]mi[83]kmExitDestinationsNotes
MultnomahPortland0.000.00—
 I-5 south – Beaverton, Salem		Exit 300 on I-5
—
OMSI, City Center, Central Eastside Industrial District
No westbound entrance
—

 I-5 north / US 30 west – Seattle, Convention Center, Moda Center		West end of US 30 concurrency; westbound exit and eastbound entrance; exit 301 on I-5
0.661.06—
 OR 99E north (Grand Avenue)		Eastbound entrance only
1.101.771Lloyd CenterWestbound exit and eastbound entrance
2.163.4833rd AvenueEastbound exit and westbound entrance
2.554.102
César E. Chávez Boulevard
Eastbound exit and entrance
2.934.7243rd AvenueWestbound exit only; westbound entrance from
Sandy Boulevard
3.485.60358th AvenueNo westbound exit
4.116.61468th AvenueEastbound exit only
5.018.065 OR 213 (82nd Avenue)Eastbound exit and westbound entrance
5.418.716
 I-205 south – Salem		Eastbound exit and westbound entrance
5.699.167Halsey StreetEastbound exit only
6.2910.128
Portland Airport
Eastbound exit only
6.5510.549102nd AvenueEastbound exit and westbound entrance
7.1311.479 I-205 – Salem, SeattleWestbound left exit and eastbound left entrance
7.7512.4710122nd AvenueEastbound exit and entrance
Gresham10.7117.2413181st Avenue / Airport Way – Gresham
Fairview12.0819.4414Fairview Parkway (207th Avenue)
Wood Village13.6321.9416238th Drive – Wood Village
Troutdale14.33–
15.18		23.06–
24.43		17Marine Drive / 257th Avenue
​15.4924.9318
Lewis and Clark State Park, Oxbow Regional Park
​19.7731.8222Corbett
​22.6636.4725Rooster Rock State Park
​25.5341.0928Historic Columbia River Highway – Bridal VeilEastbound exit and westbound entrance
​27.0843.5829Dalton PointWestbound exit and entrance
​28.2245.4230Benson State Recreation AreaEastbound exit and entrance
​28.84–
29.15		46.41–
46.91		31Multnomah FallsLeft exit and entrance
​32.90–
33.19		52.95–
53.41		35Historic Columbia River Highway – Ainsworth State Park
​35.2656.7537WarrendaleWestbound exit and eastbound entrance
​37.9461.0640
Bonneville Dam National Historic Landmark
​39.1062.9341Eagle Creek National Fish Hatchery, Eagle Creek Recreation AreaEastbound exit and entrance
Hood RiverCascade Locks41.3166.4844
 US 30 east – Cascade Locks, Stevenson		East end of US 30 concurrency; eastbound exit and westbound entrance
42.7268.7544Weigh StationNo westbound entrance; exit unnumbered eastbound

 US 30 west – Cascade Locks		West end of US 30 concurrency; no westbound entrance
​45.2272.7747Forest Lane – Herman CreekWestbound exit and eastbound entrance
Wyeth48.6678.3151Wyeth
​52.4484.3955
Historic Columbia River Highway State Trail
Eastbound exit and entrance; no trucks
​53.7186.4456Viento State Park
​56.0290.1658Mitchell Point OverlookEastbound exit and entrance
​57.6392.75—Service RoadWestbound exit and eastbound entrance; access to Mitchell Point Drive
​58.4093.99—Morton RoadWestbound exit and entrance; exit unsigned
West Hood River
East end of US 30 concurrency
61.5999.1263
Hood River City Center
62.1199.9664
 US 30 west / OR 35 (Mount Hood Highway) – White Salmon, Government Camp		West end of US 30 concurrency
​63.35101.95—Koberg Beach State Recreation SiteWestbound exit and entrance
WascoMosier67.46108.5769
 US 30 east – Mosier		East end of US 30 concurrency
​74.32119.6176Rowena
Columbia Gorge Discovery Center, Wasco County Museum
81.34130.9083
West The Dalles (US 30
)		Signed as exit 84 westbound
81.63131.3784
The Dalles City Center (US 30
east)		Eastbound exit only
83.18133.8785
The Dalles City Center
, National Historic Districts
84.68136.2887
 US 30 west / US 197 – Dufur, Bend		West end of US 30 concurrency
​86.50139.2188The Dalles Dam
​94.81152.5897 OR 206 – Celilo Park, Deschutes River State Recreation Area
Sherman​102.23164.52104 US 97 – Yakima, Bend
Rufus107.62173.20109Rufus, John Day Dam
​111.90180.09114LePage Park, John Day River
Gilliam​120.98194.70123Philippi Canyon
​127.10204.55129
Blalock Canyon
​128.70207.12131Woelpern RoadEastbound exit and westbound entrance
OR 19 – Arlington, Condon
​145.02233.39147 OR 74 – Ione, Heppner
Morrow​149.42240.47151Threemile Canyon
​156.97252.62159Tower Road
Boardman161.83260.44164Boardman
163.43263.02165Port of Morrow
​165.62266.54168
Lewis and Clark Trail – Irrigon
​168.80271.66171Paterson Ferry Road
Umatilla​175.65282.68177National Guard Training Center
​176.69–
177.54		284.35–
285.72		179
 I-82 west – Hermiston, Umatilla, Kennewick		East end of I-82
​178.08286.59180Westland Road – Hermiston
​180.53290.53182 OR 207 – Hermiston, Lexington
​186.51300.16188
US 395 north – Stanfield, Echo, Hermiston
West end of US 395 concurrency
​191.20307.71193Echo Road – Lexington
​196.21315.77198Lorenzen Road / McClintock Road
​197.20317.36199Yoakum Road – Stage Gulch
​200.58322.80202Barnhart Road / Airport Road
West Pendleton
East end of US 30 concurrency
207.21333.47209
US 395 south – Pendleton, John Day
East end of US 395 concurrency
208.63335.76210 OR 11 – Pendleton, Milton-Freewater
​210.99339.56213
Pendleton City Center
, National Historic District		West end of US 30 concurrency; westbound exit and eastbound entrance
​213.72343.95216 OR 331 – Milton-Freewater, Walla Walla
​222.34357.82224Poverty Flat Road / Old Emigrant Hill Road
​226.61364.69228Deadman PassRest area
​226.86365.10Deadman Pass summit, elevation 3,615 feet (1,102 m)
​231.48–
232.35		372.53–
373.93		234
Emigrant Springs State Park
​236.44380.51238Meacham, Kamela
​239.02384.67Blue Mountain summit, elevation 4,193 feet (1,278 m)
​241.19388.16243Summit Road – Mt. Emily
Union​246.61396.88248Spring Creek Road – Kamela
​250.52403.17252 OR 244 – Starkey, Ukiah
​253.92408.64256PerryEastbound exit and westbound entrance
254.53409.63257Westbound exit and eastbound entrance
​256.86413.38259
 US 30 east – La Grande		Eastern end of concurrency with US 30; eastbound exit and westbound entrance
La Grande259.51417.64261 OR 82 – La Grande, Elgin
​262.59422.60265
 US 30 west / OR 203 – La Grande, Union		Western end of concurrency with US 30
​265.93427.97268Foothill Road
​268.51432.12270Ladd Creek RoadEastbound exit and westbound entrance
​271.58437.07273Frontage Road
​276.31444.68278Clover Creek
​281.31452.72283Wolf Creek Lane
North Powder283.35456.01285
 US 30 east / OR 237 – North Powder, Haines, Union		Eastern end of concurrency with US 30
Baker City Airport, Medical Springs, Haines
​300.38483.41302
Hells Canyon
West end of OR 86
Baker City Center
, Historic District		North end of OR 7
​304.20489.56306
 US 30 west – Baker City, Haines		West end of US 30 concurrency
​311.31501.00313Pleasant ValleyEastbound exit and westbound entrance
​315.14507.17317Westbound exit and eastbound entrance
​325.10523.20327Durkee
​328.34528.41330Cement Plant Road / Plano Road
​333.43536.60335Weatherby
​335.78540.39338Lookout Mountain
​338.09544.10340Rye Valley
​340.57548.09342LimeEastbound exit and westbound entrance
​343.50552.81345
 US 30 Bus. – Huntington, Lime
Malheur​350.71564.41353
 US 30 Bus. – Huntington
​353.84569.45356 OR 201 – Weiser
​359.82579.07362Moores Hollow Road
​369.12594.04371Stanton Boulevard
US 30 Bus. east to US 20 / US 26 – Ontario, Vale, Weiser
374.39602.52376A
US 30 Bus. west – Ontario, Treasure Valley Community College
376B
 US 30 east – Fruitland, Payette		East end of US 30 concurrency
​375.68604.60—
 I-84 east – Boise		Continuation into Idaho
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi

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  2. ^
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    .
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Template:Attached KML/Interstate 84 in Oregon
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Interstate 84
Previous state:
Terminus 		Oregon Next state:
Idaho
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